GB2220038A - A constant speed drive for electrical generators - Google Patents

A constant speed drive for electrical generators Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2220038A
GB2220038A GB8815397A GB8815397A GB2220038A GB 2220038 A GB2220038 A GB 2220038A GB 8815397 A GB8815397 A GB 8815397A GB 8815397 A GB8815397 A GB 8815397A GB 2220038 A GB2220038 A GB 2220038A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
speed
constant speed
constant
speed drive
pulleys
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB8815397A
Other versions
GB8815397D0 (en
Inventor
Christopher David Whelan
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB8815397A priority Critical patent/GB2220038A/en
Publication of GB8815397D0 publication Critical patent/GB8815397D0/en
Publication of GB2220038A publication Critical patent/GB2220038A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • F16H61/66231—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling shifting exclusively as a function of speed
    • F16H61/66236—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling shifting exclusively as a function of speed using electrical or electronical sensing or control means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/1004—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with pulleys

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Transmissions By Endless Flexible Members (AREA)

Abstract

A constant speed drive mechanism for constant speed electrical generators 2 driven by variable speed prime movers 1 of the piston or gas turbine type, comprises an electro-hydraulically controlled continuously variable transmission system using a metal belt 6 driven between pulleys 5, 7 each with a movable face 10, 11 such that the speed ratio between the pulleys can be varied according to the directions of a control unit 17 in such a manner as to maintain constant output shaft speed. The advantages of this type of constant speed drive are that a wider input speed range is possible compared with existing systems and the instability problems associated with these systems is absent. The control unit 17 receives signals from input and output speed sensors 20, 21. The position of the movable pulley faces 10, 11 may also be detected. <IMAGE>

Description

A CONSTANT SPEED DRIVE FOR ELECTRICAL GENERATORS This invention relates to a Constant Speed Drive for an electrical generator.
Constant frequency AC electric generators which are driven by prime movers require a means of maintaining constant generator shaft speed with varying prime mover shaft speed. This is achieved by means of a Constant Speed Drive mounted between the generator and prime mover which uses variable ratio gearing to maintain constant output shaft speed with varying input shaft speed.
The most common application for Constant Speed Drives is on aircraft where the generator is driven by the main was turbine power unit. This type of power unit typically has an input speed range of 2:1, which the Constant Speed Drive must accomodate.
There is also a specific and new application for ground based vehicles driven by piston engines. With the increasing need for greater electrical outputs, the use of an aircraft type of AC constant speed generator would be advantageous. The typical speed range of the piston engine prime mover for such an application is 5:1.
The most common design of Constant Speed Drive available for aircraft applications is based on an epicyclic mechanical geartrain. By varying the speed of the annulus wear the output shaft speed can be held constant for an input speed variation of approximately 2:1. The means of varying the annulus gear speed is commonly by hydraulic motor.
Due to the speed range limitation of approximately 2:1 the current designs of Constant Speed Drive cannot be used on piston engine prime movers, which prevents their use in the second application described above. Furthermore, an inherent feature of this type of drive is a potential loss of speed control at speed ratios near or at the speed corresponding to no rotation of the annulus gear.
The current design of Constant Speed Drive uses old technology, is expensive and enjoys a monopolistic position in the market for Constant Speed Drives for aircraft generators.
The present invention comprises a new design of Constant Speed Drive which uses a continuously variable ratio belt and pulley system to maintain output shaft speed. The invention consists of an input shaft and pulley with variable distance between the sheaves of the pulley, a metal belt driven in compression or tension by the input pulley, an output pulley driven by the metal belt with variable distance between the sheaves of the pulley, and a control system which positions the pulley sheaves so as to maintain constant output shaft speed.
The essential design concept and certain components of the belt and pulley system are derived from those commonly available in the motor vehicle industry and used for the production of continuously variable transmission systems. The proposed use of this type of drive as an electrical generator. Constant Speed Drive offers the major advantage over existing systems of an increased input speed range, that speed range being more than 5:1.
A specific embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of an example with reference to the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 shows a schematic arrangement of the Constant Speed Drive.
Referring to the drawing the Constant Speed Drive comprises a mechanical means of transmitting power form the prime mover 1 to the electrical generator 2 and of keeping the speed of the generator 2 constant in spite of variations in speed of the prime mover 1.
The means of transmitting power from the prime mover 1 to the generator 2 is described below.
The shaft 3 of the prime mover 1 drives the input geartrain it to change the speed of the input pulley 5 according to the requirements of the specific application. The geartrain it may be of the simple or compound type according to the particular design. or in certain designs may not be required.
The input (or primary) pulley 5 has mounted on it a metal belt 6 constructed of multiple components and of a type commonly available. The belt 6 is driven either in compression (pushing) or in tension (pulling) according to the specific design.
The metal belt 6 transmits power to the output (or secondary) pulley 7, the shaft of which drives the output geartrain 8. The geartrain 8 may be of the simple or compound type according to the particular design, or in certain designs may not be required.
The output shaft 9 from the geartrain 8 drives the electrical generator 2, thus completing the transmission of power through the system.
The essential feature of the invention is the control of speed of the electrical generator 2 in a manner which is independent of the speed of the prime mover 1. The means of achieving this are as follows.
According to the accepted use of the pulley 5,7 and metal belt 6 system described above, the pulleys 5,7 each have one sheave (or face) 10.11 movable under the control of a control system such that the position of the pulley sheaves and the pressure applied to them can be controlled so as to vary the speed ratio between the pulleys 5,7. BY this means the output speed of the electrical generator 2 can be held constant in spite of variations in the speed of the prime mover 1 by varying the speed ratio between the pulleys 5,7.
The position of the pulleys is controlled by the pressure of a hydraulic fluid in the cavities 12,13 formed between the movable face of each pulley 10,11 and an enclosure 1lit,15 fixed in space to provide a reaction force. A typical design of the means of controlling the position of the movable faces of the pulleys is shown and there are numerous variations in detail design which are possible.
The hydraulic pressure in each cavity 12,13 is provided by means of a hydraulic pump 16 driven either from the input or output geartrains 4.8 (input drive shown in figure 1). Hydraulic pressure is tansmitted from the pump to a control unit 17 and thence via pipes or other suitable passages 18,19 to the cavities 12,13.
The exact pressure of the hydraulic fluid in each cavity is varied by the control unit 17 which regulates the pressure in each cavity such that the speed ratio of the pulley and belt system provides a constant electrical generator speed at a predetermined value. The hydraulic pressure in the cavities is a function of both the speed ratio required and the load being carried by the metal belt 6. This second function is essential to the provision of power transmission with high efficiency.
The control unit 17 is of the electro-hydraulic type and the control of the hydraulic pressure is dependent on electric signals indicating the speed of the input and output pulleys.
These signals are generated by transducer devices 20,21 mounted near the pulleys 5,6. Additional electrical signals not described here may be provided for the enhanced stability, response and safety of the Constant Speed Drive. Specifically this may include a means of identifying the position of one or both of the movable pulley faces.
Additional features of the Constant Speed Drive not described here are the shaft mounting arrangements, dampers, clutches, flexible drives, overspeed trip and diagnostic monitoring systems and other similar devices which form a typical complete design for a Constant Speed Drive.

Claims (6)

1. A Constant Speed Drive mechanism for constant speed electrical generators driven by variable speed prime movers, comprising an electro-hydraulically controlled continuously variable transmission system using a metal drive belt driven either in tension or compression between pulleys each with a movable face such that the speed ratio between said pulleys can be varied according to the directions of a control unit is such a manner as to maintain constant output shaft speed.
2. A Constant Speed Drive as claimed in claim 1 whereby the input speed of the prime mover can vary over a range of more than 5:1 whilst providing constant output speed.
3. A Constant Speed Drive as claimed in claims 1 and 2 whereby the hydraulic pressure controlling the positions of the movable faces of the pulleys in the belt and pulley system is modulated both according to the desired speed ratio and also according to the power being transmitted by the belt.
it. A Constant Speed Drive as claimed in claim 1 whereby the input and output shafts pass through speed increasing or decreasing peartrains as required by the particular application, such geartrains being either of simple or compound type.
5. A Constant Speed Drive as claimed in claims 1 and 2 whereby a constant speed electrical generator may be used on a piston engine prime mover by virtue of the wide speed range available with this type of constant speed drive.
6. A Constant Speed Drive substantially as described herein with reference to figure 1 of the accompanying drawing.
GB8815397A 1988-06-28 1988-06-28 A constant speed drive for electrical generators Withdrawn GB2220038A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8815397A GB2220038A (en) 1988-06-28 1988-06-28 A constant speed drive for electrical generators

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8815397A GB2220038A (en) 1988-06-28 1988-06-28 A constant speed drive for electrical generators

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8815397D0 GB8815397D0 (en) 1988-08-03
GB2220038A true GB2220038A (en) 1989-12-28

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8815397A Withdrawn GB2220038A (en) 1988-06-28 1988-06-28 A constant speed drive for electrical generators

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2220038A (en)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0558002A1 (en) * 1992-02-26 1993-09-01 Tochigifujisangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Supercharging device for an internal combustion engine
EP0785382A1 (en) * 1996-01-20 1997-07-23 TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH Method of controlling a continuously variable transmission of motor vehicles
EP0785381A1 (en) * 1996-01-20 1997-07-23 TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH Method of controlling a continuously variable transmission of motor vehicles
EP1098422A1 (en) * 1999-11-08 2001-05-09 PILLER-GmbH No-break power supply with an electrical machine and a flywheel
EP1167828A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-01-02 Van Doorne's Transmissie B.V. Continuous variable transmission
EP1167827A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-01-02 Van Doorne's Transmissie B.V. Adjustable pulley for use in a continuously variable transmission and constant frequency generator wherein such is utilised
EP1167838A1 (en) 2000-06-30 2002-01-02 Van Doorne's Transmissie B.V. Hydraulically controllable constant speed drive and method for the design thereof
EP1170530A2 (en) 2000-06-30 2002-01-09 Lucas Industries Limited Controller for a continuously variable transmission
EP1170531A2 (en) 2000-06-30 2002-01-09 Lucas Industries Limited Belt clamp force controller
EP1359299A1 (en) * 2001-02-08 2003-11-05 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Uniaxial gas turbine system
FR2874986A1 (en) * 2004-09-06 2006-03-10 Renault Sas Alternator`s shaft driving device for use in motor vehicle, has pressure chamber disposed to move in translation flange along shaft, and pipe system including valve controlled by controller for regulating pressure of fluid in chamber
FR2887699A1 (en) * 2005-06-28 2006-12-29 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Rotating machine e.g. alternator-starter, for motor vehicle, has casing with rotor, and reversible transmission systems with variable transmission ratios to connect machine to heat engine, where systems form toroidal speed variators
WO2009030991A1 (en) * 2007-09-04 2009-03-12 Pramac S.P.A. Power unit
US8169100B2 (en) 2008-01-30 2012-05-01 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Torque transmission for an aircraft engine
US8519555B2 (en) 2010-11-29 2013-08-27 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Combination low spool generator and ram air turbine generator

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108566034A (en) * 2018-03-12 2018-09-21 王宏生 Power generator and electricity generation system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1297574A (en) * 1970-07-08 1972-11-22
GB1529569A (en) * 1974-11-20 1978-10-25 Salsbury E Power drive transmission assembly
GB2036204A (en) * 1978-11-24 1980-06-25 Cam Gears Ltd Speed controlled pulley system
GB2058257A (en) * 1979-09-12 1981-04-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert Control apparatus for a stepless transmission
US4569670A (en) * 1984-05-31 1986-02-11 Borg-Warner Corporation Variable pulley accessory drive

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1297574A (en) * 1970-07-08 1972-11-22
GB1529569A (en) * 1974-11-20 1978-10-25 Salsbury E Power drive transmission assembly
GB2036204A (en) * 1978-11-24 1980-06-25 Cam Gears Ltd Speed controlled pulley system
GB2058257A (en) * 1979-09-12 1981-04-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert Control apparatus for a stepless transmission
US4569670A (en) * 1984-05-31 1986-02-11 Borg-Warner Corporation Variable pulley accessory drive

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0558002A1 (en) * 1992-02-26 1993-09-01 Tochigifujisangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Supercharging device for an internal combustion engine
US5361744A (en) * 1992-02-26 1994-11-08 Tochigifujisangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Supercharging device for an internal combustion engine
EP0785382A1 (en) * 1996-01-20 1997-07-23 TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH Method of controlling a continuously variable transmission of motor vehicles
EP0785381A1 (en) * 1996-01-20 1997-07-23 TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH Method of controlling a continuously variable transmission of motor vehicles
US5906649A (en) * 1996-01-20 1999-05-25 Temic Telefunken Microelectronic Gmbh Procedure for controlling continuous variable transmissions in motor vehicles
US5983152A (en) * 1996-01-20 1999-11-09 Temic Telefunken Microelectronic Gmbh Procedure for controlling continuous variable transmissions in motor vehicles
EP1098422A1 (en) * 1999-11-08 2001-05-09 PILLER-GmbH No-break power supply with an electrical machine and a flywheel
EP1170531A2 (en) 2000-06-30 2002-01-09 Lucas Industries Limited Belt clamp force controller
US6652399B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2003-11-25 Van Doorne's Transmissie B.V. Continuously variable transmission
EP1167838A1 (en) 2000-06-30 2002-01-02 Van Doorne's Transmissie B.V. Hydraulically controllable constant speed drive and method for the design thereof
WO2002001095A1 (en) 2000-06-30 2002-01-03 Van Doorne's Transmissie B.V. Hydraulically controlable constant speed drive and method for the design thereof
EP1170530A2 (en) 2000-06-30 2002-01-09 Lucas Industries Limited Controller for a continuously variable transmission
EP1167828A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-01-02 Van Doorne's Transmissie B.V. Continuous variable transmission
EP1170530A3 (en) * 2000-06-30 2003-08-06 Lucas Industries Limited Controller for a continuously variable transmission
EP1170531A3 (en) * 2000-06-30 2003-10-15 Goodrich Control Systems Limited Belt clamp force controller
US7175554B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2007-02-13 Van Doorne's Transmissie B.V. Hydraulically controllable constant speed drive and method for the design thereof
EP1167827A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-01-02 Van Doorne's Transmissie B.V. Adjustable pulley for use in a continuously variable transmission and constant frequency generator wherein such is utilised
EP1359299A4 (en) * 2001-02-08 2004-04-28 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Uniaxial gas turbine system
US7028461B2 (en) 2001-02-08 2006-04-18 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Uniaxial gas turbine system
EP1359299A1 (en) * 2001-02-08 2003-11-05 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Uniaxial gas turbine system
FR2874986A1 (en) * 2004-09-06 2006-03-10 Renault Sas Alternator`s shaft driving device for use in motor vehicle, has pressure chamber disposed to move in translation flange along shaft, and pipe system including valve controlled by controller for regulating pressure of fluid in chamber
FR2887699A1 (en) * 2005-06-28 2006-12-29 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Rotating machine e.g. alternator-starter, for motor vehicle, has casing with rotor, and reversible transmission systems with variable transmission ratios to connect machine to heat engine, where systems form toroidal speed variators
WO2009030991A1 (en) * 2007-09-04 2009-03-12 Pramac S.P.A. Power unit
US8169100B2 (en) 2008-01-30 2012-05-01 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Torque transmission for an aircraft engine
US8519555B2 (en) 2010-11-29 2013-08-27 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Combination low spool generator and ram air turbine generator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8815397D0 (en) 1988-08-03

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