GB2211377A - Loudspeakers - Google Patents
Loudspeakers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2211377A GB2211377A GB8824239A GB8824239A GB2211377A GB 2211377 A GB2211377 A GB 2211377A GB 8824239 A GB8824239 A GB 8824239A GB 8824239 A GB8824239 A GB 8824239A GB 2211377 A GB2211377 A GB 2211377A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- horn
- diaphragm
- sound
- loudspeaker
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002365 multiple layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/30—Combinations of transducers with horns, e.g. with mechanical matching means, i.e. front-loaded horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
- H04R7/122—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
- H04R9/02—Details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
The loudspeaker comprises a diaphragm 12 including a peripheral conical portion 14 adjacent to and surrounding a central domed portion 16, a flared horn 11 adjacent to the diaphragm for receiving and projecting the sound waves into an acoustical space, and a phasing plug 18 intermediate the diaphragm and the horn defining sound pathways for impedance matching of the diaphragm and the horn. A plurality of sound channels 26, 28, 30 extend through the phasing plug from the peripheral conical portion and the central domed portion of the diaphragm to the horn. The plurality of sound channels provide time compensated paths of equal length for the sound waves generated at both the peripheral conical portion and the central domed portion of the diaphragm. The diaphragms are formed using a mold comprised of a hard die surface on one side and an opposing flexible die surface on the other side for applying uniform pressure to resin-impregnated multiple fabric layers, each layer being oriented with an angular offset of weave angle relative to adjacent layers. <IMAGE>
Description
LOUDSPEAKER
The present invention relates in general to a horn-type loudspeaker design, and more particularly to a compression driver having equal length time compensated sound paths and to a method of forming diaphragms for loudspeakers.
Phasing plugs are well known in present day loudspeakers for impedance matching the output of a speaker diaphragm to the throat of a flared horn. The phasing plug is typically in the form of a conically nested body and centred within the throat of the horn adjacent to the diaphragm.
For example, U.S. patents 4,152,552 (Meyer), 2,942,071 (Witchey) and 1,962,374 (Roolf et al) each disclose a horn-type loudspeaker employing a phasing plug arrangement adjacent a spherical segment diaphragm.
Each of the phasing plugs also includes one or more air channels extending from the diaphragm to the throat of the horn. The converging air channels act to prevent the audio pressure waves generated by the diaphragm from cancelling as the waves converge at the throat of the horn.
U.S. Patent 4,050,541 (Henricksen) discloses a loudspeaker with a spherical diaphragm and a phasing plug having evenly-spaced radial slots or channels formed therein. According to Henricksen, the walls of the slots are tapered exponentially from their inlet ends at the speaker diaphragm towards a flat plane outlet at the throat of the horn in order to provide optimum impedance matching between the output of the diaphragm and the input of the horn.
In a similar vein, U.S. Patent 4,525,604 (Frye) discloses a horn loudspeaker with convex diaphragm and phasing plug having a plurality of linear channels of equal length extending from different portions of the convex dome of the diaphragm to a circular groove joining the phasing plug to the throat of the horn, such that sound entering the horn at the throat from different portions of the diaphragm is in phase, and interference is avoided.
The above-mentioned prior art systems are limited to use with standard spherical shell (i.e.
convex or concave) domed diaphragms.
While spherical shell diaphragms are suitable for use in high frequency loudspeakers, it has been found that such diaphragms are typically inappropriate for use with mid-range frequency loudspeakers. For example, a typical mid-range driver requires a 50 to 70 square inch diaphragm surface in order to generate appropriate frequency signals. Since spherical shell diaphragms are vibrated by means of voice coils around the perimeter thereof, a mid-range driver incorporating such a spherical shell diaphragm would require an inordinately large voice coil. The cost and weight of a magnet structure (i.e. motor) driving the voice coil is generally deemed to be prohibitive.
Accordingly, present day mid-range drivers are currently being designed with either a small diameter (e.g. 6-inch) diaphragm as in the above-discussed prior art, or with an inner spherical domed portion and outer conical portion surrounding the central domed portion.
The combined dome and conical diaphragm is driven by a voice coil at the joinder of the central domed portion and conical outside portion. The voice coil is not required to extend around the diaphragm perimeter and therefore the voice coil and motor can be dimensioned to a reasonable size. An example of such a combined spherical and conical diaphragm is shown in
U.S. Patent 4,628,155 entitled ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC MOTOR
FOR HORNS, issued to Robineau et al on December 9, 1986.
The Robineau et al patent also discloses a phasing plug with a plurality of channels extending from the conical portion of the diaphragm to the throat of an external horn.
The device of Robineau et al suffers from the disadvantage that sound waves generated from different parts of the diaphragm (i.e. the domed central portion and conical outside portion) do not reach the throat of the horn at the same time, resulting in phase cancellation which results in lost acoustical energy, loss of smoothness in frequency response, and nonuniform wave fronts which give rise to degraded directional performance.
Furthermore, the throat of the horn in the
Robineau et al speaker is shown as being linear. This results in a discontinuity where the throat joins the external horn, thereby contributing to additional phase cancellation due to reflection of sound from the discontinuity to the diaphragm, resulting in reduced sound transmission efficiency.
According to the present invention, a phasing plug is provided for use with a combined spherical and conical diaphragm, including a plurality of equal length channels extending from predetermined locations on the diaphragm to the throat of the horn. The spacing and location of the time compensated paths through the phasing plug are optimized for use with a combined spherical and conical diaphragm in a mid-range driver.
Also, a predetermined throat geometry is provided conforming to a rate of change of cross-sectional area which is optimized for uniform acoustic loading of the diaphragm independent of frequency.
As a result, the amplitude and phase response of the speaker in accordance with the present invention is very smooth and linear while the total harmonic distortion is low (e.g. typically 1.2% THD at 120 dB worst case).
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of forming diaphragms for loudspeakers is provided using a composite material which is molded and cured to the desired shape.
One prior art acoustic diaphragm and the method of construction is shown in U.S. Patent 2,873,813 (Haerther et al) wherein a porous flexible material is impregnated with a thermo-setting resin, the material being mounted and cured in such a manner that the diaphragm has an impervious central portion and porous peripheral portion.
U.S. patents 2,873,813; 4,076,098; 4,128,138 and 4,518,642 each disclose fabric diaphragm structures and procedures for forming the same which are well known in the art.
However, according to the present invention, the fabric weave of individual layers of a multiplelayer resin impregnated fabric (i.e. pre-preg cloth) are angularly arranged with respect to each other according to a predetermined offset orientation, and then cured using a mold cavity with one hard die surface and a second die having a surface of silicone rubber or other flexible release material. This die arrangement allows uniform pressure to be applied to the fabric layers during curing of the resin and permits the formation of an increased uniform-strength diaphragm.
By using a non-uniform diaphragm surface and regular offset spacing of the weaves, thick and thin portions of the diaphragm develop as the weaves bunch up or lie flat relative to one another. This results in irregular cloth thickness. As mentioned above, the flexible die surface applies uniform pressure to the cloth for evening out the non-uniform thickness of cloth. The flexible die surface compensates for heat expansion of the hard die, and squeezes excess resin from the cloth.
In general, according to the present invention, there is provided a loudspeaker comprised of a diaphragm for generating sound waves, including a peripheral conical portion adjacent and surrounding a central domed portion, a flared horn adjacent the diaphragm for receiving and projecting the sound waves into an acoustical space and providing acoustic loading, a phasing plug intermediate the diaphragm and horn defining sound pathways for impedance matching of the diaphragm and horn, and a plurality of sound channels extending through the phasing plug from the peripheral conical portion and the central domed portion of the diaphragm to the horn, whereby the plurality of sound channels provide equal time compensated paths for the sound waves generated at both the peripheral conical portion and the central domed portion of the diaphragm.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of molding multiple layers of resin impregnated fabric comprising the steps of arranging the multiple layers of fabric with angular orientation of weave with respect to successive adjacent ones of the layers, placing the layers of fabric between opposing surfaces of a mold comprised of hard die surface and an opposing flexible die surface, heating the hard die surface for curing the resin, and squeezing the fabric layer between the opposing surfaces of the mold, whereby the flexible die surface applies uniform pressure to the fabric layers during curing of the resin notwithstanding any nonuniform thickness of the multiple layers of fabric, resulting in formation of a uniform mold of the multiple fabric layer.
A better understanding of the present invention will be obtained with reference to the detailed description below in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional close-up view of a loudspeaker constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line I-I in Figure 1;
Figure 3A is a partially broken plan view of multiple fabric layers for fabricating a diaphragm in accordance with a further aspect of the present invention; and
Figure 3B is a close-up cross-sectional view of a multiple layer fabric being molded in accordance with a further aspect of the present invention.
Turning to Figure 1, a loudspeaker 10 is shown for connection to an external horn assembly partially shown and designated as 11. The loudspeaker 10 is comprised of a diaphragm 12 which includes a peripheral conical portion 14 and a central domed portion 16 integral with the conical portion. The diaphragm may be constructed of any convenient material but is preferably fabricated from a plurality of cloth layers bonded together, as described in greater detail below with reference to Figure 2.
The diaphragm is mounted to a rigid cast alloy frame 15 to which a magnet 23 is secured via a pair of bolts 17 and 19. A high temperature epoxy, flat wire voice coil 21 is connected to the diaphragm 12 where the domed portion 16 meets the conical portion 14. The permanent magnet 23 has undercut pole pieces producing a symmetrical field in the vicinity of the voice coil 21.
The rigid cast alloy frame establishes a fixed distance separation between magnet 23 and diaphragm 12.
A phasing plug/throat assembly 18 is shown comprised of a central portion 20, an outer or throat portion 22 and an insert portion 24 which is located adjacent the joinder portion of diaphragm 12 where the conical portion 14 meets the domed portion 16. The insert portion 24 may be of one-piece or two-piece construction cemented together.
The insert portion 24 has a slot 26 formed therein defining a sound-transmitting pathway and is positioned adjacent the central portion 20 and the outer or throat portion 22 to define additional pathways 28 and 30, respectively. The phasing plug assembly 18 is constructed such that the slot 26 and the pathways 28 and 30 are of the same length, so that the path length for sound from the beginning of each slot to the location 32 is the same. Furthermore, the slots or pathways 26, 28 and 30 are evenly spaced across the surface of diaphragm 12, resulting in uniform velocity and displacement of air at the beginning of each slot.
Moreover, the pathways 26, 28, and 30 are proportionally dimensioned to provide equal volumetric displacement and velocity of air therewithin. As a result, a uniform load is applied to all portions of the diaphragm 12 resulting in a balance of pressure across the entire diaphragm surface.
With reference to Figures 1 and 2 together, the lines A and B define portions of diaphragm 12 which are mid-way between the sound pathways 28 and 26; and pathways 26 and 30, respectively. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of pathway 26 to the toroidal area bounded by lines A and B is equal to the ratio of the cross-sectional area of pathway 28 to the area of the circle circumscribed by the line A, and to the ratio of the cross-sectional area of pathway 30 to the toroidal area bounded by the outer perimeter of diaphragm 12 (i.e. the line C) to the line B. For the embodiment shown, the ratio is approximately 6:1. Also, the slot 30 is positioned mid-way between lines B and C; the slot 26 is positioned mid-way between lines B and A; and the slot 28 is positioned mid-way between the line A and the centre of the plug assembly 18.Thus, the net movement of air along lines C, B, A and at the centre is zero, and there is a uniform distance for air displaced by the diaphragm 12 to travel to the closest adjacent one of the pathways 26, 28 and 30. The dimensions of pathways 26 and 28 are such that pressure changes in the vicinity of region A create equal velocity displacement of air in pathways 26 and 28. Likewise, pressure changes in the vicinity of B result in equal velocity displacement of air in pathways 26 and 30 since the ratios of cross-sectional areas of the slots or pathways to the adjacent areas bounded by the lines A, B and C, are the same.
As discussed above, sound pressure generated by vibration of the diaphragm results in transmission of sound via the time compensated pathways 26, 28 and 30 to the location 32 without phase cancellation.
The location 32 defines the throat of a horn and the contour of the inner wall 34 of the outer portion 22 provides the first portion of the flare of the horn which is then continued by horn assembly 11 mounted to the loudspeaker 10. The throat geometry provided by inner wall 34 in combination with central portion 20 of the phase plug assembly provides a constant directivity waveguide for the combined sound waves appearing at location 32. The specific curvature of the throat geometry provides a constant acoustic load independent of frequency. Furthermore, low frequency loading in a mid-range driver typically requires a long horn. Since there is no discontinuity between the throat 34 and external horn assembly 11, the horn effectively starts at the location 32, in contrast with prior art systems in which the horn starts at the end of the phase plug assembly.
The horn assembly 11 does not form part of the present invention.
The loudspeaker assembly of Figure 1 is particularly useful as a mid-range driver operating in a range of approximately 200 to 2,000 Hz, but the principles thereof are applicable to speakers of any range and to diaphragms of differing shape.
The diaphragm 10 is preferably formed from multiple fabric layers as shown in Figure 3A. Three such layers 35, 37 and 39 are shown arranged with the weave at 120 degrees to the next adjacent layer.
Multiple fabric layers are preferable because of the high internal losses which result thereby. A uniformly strong product can be obtained using multiple layers with angularly arranged weaves sinqe variations in stretch in the weave are evened out by the relative positioning of the layers.
The layers of fabric, with their weave angularly arranged with respect to each other, are preimpregnated with a suitable resin, and are placed in a mold cavity shaped to conform to the desired shape of the diaphragm. As shown in Figure 3B, the mold cavity comprises a hard die surface 40, typically of aluminum with a coating 42 of TeflonTMt FrecoteTM or other release material, and a second die 44 connected to a pressure ram 45 and having a surface 46 of silicone rubber or other flexible release material on a hard aluminum backing plate. The hard die surface 40 also includes one or more heating elements 48 embedded therewith.
The pre-impregnated fabric is conventionally known in the art as "pre-preg"
In operation, the multiple layers of fabric 12 are placed on the heated die surface 40 and the second die surface 44 is pressed against the fabric layers 12 for curing the fabric layers and squeezing out excess resin. The flexible release material 46 allows the application of uniform pressure to be applied to the fabric layers 12 and permits the formation of a uniform diaphragm product.
This novel procedure may be used to form loudspeaker diaphragms having a variety of shapes, and could also be used to manufacture other thin laminates for industrial applications, such as skin surfaces for dirigibles, etc. In this regard, the shape or profile of the die surface may be modified to suit a particular application.
In summary, the loudspeaker of the present invention provides a uniform path length for sound from the diaphragm to commencement of the horn throat as well as uniform loading of the diaphragm due to optimized dimensions of the sound pathways. The loudspeaker of the present invention has been found to be particularly useful when applied to acoustic waveguide speakers of the variety developed by Dr. E. R. Geddes of the Audio
Engineering Society.
The loudspeaker design of the present invention results in substantial advantages over prior art systems, as discussed above. The loudspeaker is characterized by extremely uniform frequency and phase response, low harmonic distortion due to the time compensated pathways, and enhanced efficiency due to uniform loading on the diaphragm.
Also, the phase plug assembly of the present invention is very easy to manufacture as compared with prior art phase plugs since the insert 24 may be manufactured separately from the central portion 20, without the requirement for sophisticated molds and injections to form the time compensation sound pathways.
A person understanding the present invention may conceive of other embodiments or variations therein. All such modifications and variations are believed to be within the sphere and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (13)
1. A loudspeaker, comprised of:
(a) diaphragm means for generating sound
waves, including a peripheral conical
portion adjacent to and surrounding a
central domed portion,
(b) a flared horn adjacent said diaphragm
means for receiving and projecting said
sound waves into an acoustical space,
(c) phasing plug means intermediate said
diaphragm means and said horn defining
sound pathways for impedance matching of
said diaphragm means and said horn, and
(d) a plurality of sound pathways extending
through said phasing plug means from the
peripheral conical portion and the
central domed portion of said diaphragm
means to said horn, whereby said
plurality of sound pathways provide equal
time compensated paths for said sound
waves generated by both said peripheral
conical portion and said central domed
portion of said diaphragm means.
2. A loudspeaker as defined in Claim 1, wherein said phasing plug means is further comprised of a central conical member, centred adjacent said central domed portion of said diaphragm means, and an annular insert member surrounding said central conical member and positioned adjacent the join of said peripheral conical portion and said central domed portion of said diaphragm means.
3. A loudspeaker as defined in Claim 2, wherein said flared horn and phasing plug means each conform to a uniform curvature forming a constant directivity waveguide therebetween, such that said impedance matching is independent of frequency of said sound waves.
4. A loudspeaker as defined in Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein at least one of said plurality of sound pathways extends through said phasing plug means from a central region of said central domed portion to said horn.
5. A loudspeaker as defined in Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein at least one of said plurality of sound pathways extends through said phasing plug means from the join of said peripheral conical portion and said central domed portion to said horn.
6. A loudspeaker as defined in Claim 4, wherein said one of said plurality of sound pathways is defined by an air gap separation between said central conical member and said annular insert member.
7. A loudspeaker as defined in Claim 5, wherein said one of said plurality of sound pathways is defined by a slot forming a sound-transmitting channel through said annular insert member.
8. A loudspeaker as defined in Claim 6 or 7, wherein said air gap and said slot are of equal length, and extend to an identical location of said horn.
9. A loudspeaker as defined in Claim 8, further comprising an additional sound pathway defined by a further air gap separation between said annular insert member and said horn, said additional sound pathway being of equal length to said air gap and said slot, and extending from a distal region of said annular insert portion to said identical location of said horn.
10. A method of molding multiple layers of fabric, said layers of fabric being pre-impregnated with resin, comprising the steps of:
(a) arranging said multiple layers of fabric
with angular orientation of weave with
respect to successive adjacent ones of
said layers,
(b) placing said layers of fabric between
opposing surfaces of a mold comprised of
a hard die surface and an opposing
flexible die surface,
(c) heating said hard die surface for curing
said resin, and
(d) squeezing said fabric layers between said
opposing surfaces of said mold, whereby
said flexible die surface applies uniform
pressure to said fabric layers during
curing of said resin, resulting in
formation of a uniform mold of said
multiple fabric layers.
11. A method as defined in Claim 10, further comprising the step of arranging said multiple layers of fabric with 120 degrees angular orientation of weave with respect to said successive adjacent layers.
12. A method as defined in Claim 11, further comprising the step of fabricating said hard die surface from aluminum with a coating of release material.
13. A method as defined in Claim 10, 11 or 12, further comprising the step of fabricating said flexible die surface from silicone rubber.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8824239A GB2211377B (en) | 1987-10-16 | 1988-10-17 | Loudspeaker |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB878724299A GB8724299D0 (en) | 1987-10-16 | 1987-10-16 | Loudspeaker design |
GB8824239A GB2211377B (en) | 1987-10-16 | 1988-10-17 | Loudspeaker |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8824239D0 GB8824239D0 (en) | 1988-11-23 |
GB2211377A true GB2211377A (en) | 1989-06-28 |
GB2211377B GB2211377B (en) | 1990-12-19 |
Family
ID=26292908
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8824239A Expired - Fee Related GB2211377B (en) | 1987-10-16 | 1988-10-17 | Loudspeaker |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2211377B (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2226214A (en) * | 1988-11-07 | 1990-06-20 | Veses Javier Gadea | Loudspeaker enclosure |
GB2309614A (en) * | 1996-01-27 | 1997-07-30 | Martin Kling | Loudspeaker with phase corrector |
US6950530B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2005-09-27 | Martin Audio Limited | Directional loudspeaker unit |
WO2009013460A3 (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2009-10-29 | Gp Acoustics (Uk) Limited | Loudspeaker |
GB2564776A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-23 | Premium Loudspeakers Hui Zhou Co Ltd | Combined-Type Phase Plug, and Compression Driver and Speaker Using Same |
WO2021112814A1 (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-06-10 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Compression driver with dome diaphragm and annular exit |
US11445303B2 (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2022-09-13 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Omnidirectional loudspeaker and compression driver therefor |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106375917A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-02-01 | 深圳市音沃仕科技有限公司 | Voice diaphragm assembly of loudspeaker and manufacturing method thereof |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1063062A (en) * | 1962-10-23 | 1967-03-30 | Albert Joseph Large | Improvements in sound producing devices such as loudspeakers |
US4152552A (en) * | 1977-02-01 | 1979-05-01 | Meyer John D | Horn speaker and method for producing low distortion sound |
US4525604A (en) * | 1983-06-07 | 1985-06-25 | Electro-Voice, Incorporated | Horn loudspeaker with convex diaphragm |
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1988
- 1988-10-17 GB GB8824239A patent/GB2211377B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
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GB1063062A (en) * | 1962-10-23 | 1967-03-30 | Albert Joseph Large | Improvements in sound producing devices such as loudspeakers |
US4152552A (en) * | 1977-02-01 | 1979-05-01 | Meyer John D | Horn speaker and method for producing low distortion sound |
US4525604A (en) * | 1983-06-07 | 1985-06-25 | Electro-Voice, Incorporated | Horn loudspeaker with convex diaphragm |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2226214A (en) * | 1988-11-07 | 1990-06-20 | Veses Javier Gadea | Loudspeaker enclosure |
GB2309614A (en) * | 1996-01-27 | 1997-07-30 | Martin Kling | Loudspeaker with phase corrector |
GB2309614B (en) * | 1996-01-27 | 1999-09-01 | Martin Kling | Loudspeaker with phase correction |
US6950530B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2005-09-27 | Martin Audio Limited | Directional loudspeaker unit |
CN101803399B (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2014-06-25 | Gp声学(英国)有限公司 | Loudspeaker |
US8479873B2 (en) | 2007-07-25 | 2013-07-09 | Gp Acoustics (Uk) Limited | Loudspeaker |
WO2009013460A3 (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2009-10-29 | Gp Acoustics (Uk) Limited | Loudspeaker |
GB2564776A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-23 | Premium Loudspeakers Hui Zhou Co Ltd | Combined-Type Phase Plug, and Compression Driver and Speaker Using Same |
GB2564776B (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-11-20 | Tymphany Acoustic Tech Huizhou Co Ltd | Combined-Type Phase Plug, and Compression Driver and Speaker Using Same |
WO2021112814A1 (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-06-10 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Compression driver with dome diaphragm and annular exit |
US12101598B2 (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2024-09-24 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Compression driver with dome diaphragm and annular exit |
US11445303B2 (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2022-09-13 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Omnidirectional loudspeaker and compression driver therefor |
US11863957B2 (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2024-01-02 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Omnidirectional loudspeaker and compression driver therefor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8824239D0 (en) | 1988-11-23 |
GB2211377B (en) | 1990-12-19 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19931017 |