GB2208857A - Flux for cement clinker formation - Google Patents
Flux for cement clinker formation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2208857A GB2208857A GB8819670A GB8819670A GB2208857A GB 2208857 A GB2208857 A GB 2208857A GB 8819670 A GB8819670 A GB 8819670A GB 8819670 A GB8819670 A GB 8819670A GB 2208857 A GB2208857 A GB 2208857A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- flux
- cement
- clinker
- raw materials
- producing cement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052889 tremolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
- C04B7/38—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches, e.g. mixing with fuel
- C04B7/42—Active ingredients added before, or during, the burning process
- C04B7/421—Inorganic materials
- C04B7/427—Silicates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
A flux for cement comprises mainly wollastonite. By adding the flux 1-10% in preparing a cement raw material, the firing temperature may be reduced, the firing time may be shortened, coal consumption may be decreased and the productivity of cements may be improved. Also environmental pollution can be reduced and the compression strength and the bending strength of the cement can be improved. The flux may contain a mineraliser such as tremolite, or fluorite and gypsum or fluorite and slag.
Description
A Flux For Cement
This invention relates to compositions of the additive for manufacturing cements.
st, In order to accelerate the formation of cement clinker minerals, a small quantity of mineralizer is often added to the raw materials of cement. In recent years, a composite mineralizer of gypsum and fluorite has bean developed, which may be beneficial to the melting of the raw materals but easily results in the defects such as the so called hring formation" and bringing a fluctuation in the qwlfty of cement. The wollastonite is a mineral which has discovered a wide application through years. This mineral can be used as a component of ceramic material to greatly reduce its firing temperature and firing time. So far no report has been found that the wollastonite can be u6ed as a component in the composite mineralizer for cement.
An object of the invention is to develop a new mineralizer, by a generalization of employing the lowgrade wollastonite, to reduce the firing temperature of cement or shortening its firing time, thus to save energy in manufacturing cements and to improve the productivity.
The wollastonite belongs to the calcium silicate mlnerals (CaSiO3) ) , having the chemical composition ca 3 (Si3O9) ) wherein CaO is 48.3% and SiO is 51.7%, all based on weight throughout the application. Since the wollastonite has a needle structure, it may improve the strength of ceramic body, and give the later a good compreseibility.The invention, using the successful experience of applying wollastonite in ceramics for the production of cement and combining the components such as gypeum and fluorite of mineralizer in the prior art, has developed novel fulxs for cement with the following compositions 1. wollastonite 50-100%, tremolite 0-50%:
2. wollastonete 50-100%, fluorite 0-16X, gypsum 0-35%;
3. wollastonite 50-100%, fluorite 0-20%, slag 0-30%.
The fluxs can be made by two steps:; raw materials breaking and grinding. And the products have particle sizes from 60 to 160 meshes, prefrerred from 80 to 100 meshes.
The flux according to the invention is added during the preparation of cement raw materials and the flux admixed is 1-10% of the later, and 3-5% is preferable In order to find the optimal value, an adjustment should be given after the sampling examination of free CaO in the cements produced based on different quantities of flux admixed, and the strength of the cement involved.
Embodiment 1
Based on the composition 2 of the flux for cement,
(1) preparation; the percentage of individual components were listed in Table 1: (2) firing; grinding the all-black raw materials into a control system, preparing the pellets with diameters from 15 to 30 mm, preferred 25 am, firing them in an electric oven. In comparison: with the conventional method of making cement the required firing tempera tare in the present invention was 100 C lower and the required time for being kept at a constant temperature was reduced by 30%. The pellets are fired for 20 minutes at 1350 C.The analysis was then made to determine the chemical composition of the clinker formed and its possible mineral contents (k). The results are shown in Table 2.
(3) properties: manufacturing a slag cement using the clinker made by the above-mentioned method. The ratio involved was
clinker: slag: gypsum=50:50:2 and the physical properties of the cement made are shown in Table 3, Embodiment II The percentages of individual components in the flux for cement based on the composition 3 were listed in Table 4.
Under the condition that the percentages of both limestone and slag were kept unchanged and the percentages of fluorite, gypsum and wollastonite were all adjusted, the raw material pellets were prepared , During a tiring, firing time at a high temperature was reduced from the origlnal 30 minutes to less than 20 minutes. The general chemical composition and possible mineral contents of the obtained clinker are listed in Table 5.
During the above firing for making clinker, a reduction of 30% in the coal consumption and a reduction of 30X in the firing time were achieved. The respective radios for making cement were that
Clinker prepared: gypsum=100:4 and in a preparation of the slag cement
clinker: slag: gypsum=50:50:4.
The physical properties of the cement are listed in
Table 6.
The distinguished effectiveness of the embodiments in comparison with the prior art is shown in Table 7.
Therefore, using the flux of the invention in the production of cement can shorten the firing time, reduce the amout of coal consumption, improve the discharge of flue gas, reduce the trying formation" in the oven and increase the compression strength of the cement bY about 100 Kg/cm or more, and the bending strength of the cement by about 10 Kg/cm or more.
Table 1
iaponent (%) Rate of beriai [).jgn 1L,,0()fl SjO1 A1103 Fe3 Ca() MjO CaJr SO3 Other Total litone 66.O 28.74 0.86 0.15 0.05 3G.O8 O.4 0.13 & 5O clay 12.50 0. 8. 1.90 078 O.0!i 0.31 0.30 12.50 iron | N 0.05 1 8 1 1 " a sl 3 E: L" c: c: c; c: c; 2.50 11 9 Cj I . ~ V1 gypsu'n 2.50 0.29 0.03 0.01 ö g Lr, Cf b o I o I o I c 0.06 0.05 13.00 cj o' o: o: c: o' c; r: Total 100 40.54 ii.ig 2.97 2.43 O E E 9 e: o: od $ " clinker I 19.81 4.99 4.09 54.85 l 1.28 2.12 1.25 " Y 9 z c; c; c: c: o' cj t: Rate xli 8 0.98 = 2. P 8: ~ 8 o o o 2 g e I E I I a > 7 1 0 1 00 1 Ca I o I O I o o < =l I I I I I o l I cn I $ . ffi S I g l S I X I g U Note: KH - Saturation coefficient of lime
N- Rate of silice acid
P - Rate of iron Table 2 (%)
Rate of iginition loss SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Total f-CaO KH n p C3S C2S C3A C2AF 1.76 20.32 6.17 4.69 65.85 1.25 100.00 2.02 0.91 1.87 0.91 1.87 1.32 56.37 15.75 8.40 14.26 Table 3
Water quality set time Compression strength (kg/cm) Bending strength (kg/cm) Specific added at standsurface Fineness ard consistency Initial Ending Safety 3 7 28 3 7 28 (cm/g) (%) (%) (hr, min) (hr, min) day day day day day day 3160 7 21.5 1.30 3.20 Acceptable 307 523 648 59.00 74.50 89.50 Table 4
r1fl(tJ Design R1Bgj0Ot0jon Sil)2 A1, Fe( O O CaF SO3 Other Total litone (W.IO 28.25 1.04 O.4 0.16 36.2t O. 0.98 67.50 sla 17.00 3,11 8.16 3.08 0.82 0.87 0.24 0.72 17.00 coal 8 6.08 1 0.49 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.14 8 8 0.7 0.05 0.01 0.60 0.04 0.7 2 C; C; C; O c; = SF3 (I 52 3 0.8? 0.43 0.01 0.01 1.50 0.07 0.11 3 SUM 100 I leoDlSS o F 5 " 100Z clinker 17.40 0.53 1.7? 64.22 O O . 2.25 5. 100 Rate I O I I O I H l . . Cv4 e 1 o 8 'l X O O O I . O .
g I IO < O n O o o s I o, I Y3 1 1 W 1 n 1 ce oo I ~ I o I I I H i I SvE a e Eq 8 | 8 I < Z < Note:KH - Saturation coefficient of line
N - Rate of silice acid
P - Rate of iron Table 5(%)
nnn SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Sum f-CaO KH n p C3S C2S C3A C4AF 1.32 18.82 5.85 2.02 63.94 1.18 93.13 3.44 0.95 2.39 2.90 60.78 8.10 12.07 6.14 Table 6
Water quantity set time Compression strength (kg/cm) Bending strength (kg/cm) Specific added at standmaterial surface Fineness ard consistency Initial Ending Safety 3 7 28 3 7 28 (cm/g) (%) (%) (hr, min) (hr, min) day day day day day day Clinker 33 10 65 22.5 2.10 4.31 Acceptable 342 484 646 59 68 85 slag 3215 7 22.5 2.50 5.42 Acceptable 129 256 462 33 61 82 Table 7
No. Title Unit Prior Art Embodiment Note Reduction 1. Heat consumption kcal/kg 1174 754 35.7% Average reduction 2. Ignition loss % 40 36 4% Firing time of 3. clinker at high Min 30 20 Less temperature 33.3% Compressing strength Compressing strength 4. Strength kg/cm 527 646 Increasing 119 Bending strength 68 Bending strength 85 Increasing 17 Ring forming and 5. Kiln sintering lumping easily Hardly lumping Draining of flue 6. gas Black White with black Time period for 7. settling safety Day 15 7 Less 8 days Solid and compact. Fragile, grinding 8. Grindability hard for grinding easily
Claims (1)
- What is claimed is: 1. A flux for producing cement, comprising by weight: Wollastonite 50-100%, and tremolite 0-50%.2. A flux for producing cement, comprising by weight: Wollastronite 50-100%, fluorite 0-15X, gypsum 0-35%.3. A flux for producing cement, comprising by weight: Wollastonite 50-100%, fluorite 0-20X, and slag 0-30%.4. A flux for producing cement according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the particle sizes of the flux is from 60 to 1v0 meshes, preferred from 80 to 100 meshes.5. A method of making a flux comprising the steps of: breaking raw materials which having the composition as claimed in Claim 1,2 or 3, grinding the materials broken.6. A process for producing cement clinker, comprising the steps of; mixing raw materials with the flux having a composition as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3, grinding the mixture, tiring the grinded mixture, 7, A process for producing cement clinker according to claim 6, wherein the percentage of the flux is in the range of 1 to 10X by weight, preferred 3 to 5%, 8. A process for producing cement clinker according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the partical sizes of the flux are from 60 to 160 meshes, preferred from 80 to 100 meshes.9. A process for producing cement, comprising the step of blending clinker with slag and gypsum.10. A flux for producing cement, the flux comprising wollastonite.11. A flux according to Claim 10 further comprising a mineralizer.12. A flux according to Claim 11 wherein the mineralizer :comprises tremolite, fluorite and gypsum, or fluorite and slag.13. A method of manufacturing a flux according to Claim 10, 11 or 12 the method comprising breaking the raw materials and grinding the broken raw materials.14. A method of manufacturing a cement clinker, the method comprising preparing the raw materials for the clinker, the raw materials comprising a flux according to Claim 10, 11 or 12, grinding the raw materials and firing the ground mixture.15. A cement comprising the flux according to Claim 10, 11 or 12.16. A flux for producing cement substantially as hereinbefore described, with reference to the foregoing embodiments.17. A cement clinker substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the foregoing embodiments.18. A cement substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the foregoing embodiments.19. A method of manufacturing a flux for producing cement substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the foregoing embodiments.20. A method of manufacturing a cement clinker substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the foregoing embodiments.21. A method of manufacturing a cement substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the foregoing embodiments.22. Any novel feature or combination of features diselosed herein.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87105757 CN1015447B (en) | 1987-08-19 | 1987-08-19 | Melting promotor for cement |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8819670D0 GB8819670D0 (en) | 1988-09-21 |
| GB2208857A true GB2208857A (en) | 1989-04-19 |
| GB2208857B GB2208857B (en) | 1991-07-31 |
Family
ID=4815438
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8819670A Expired - Lifetime GB2208857B (en) | 1987-08-19 | 1988-08-18 | A flux for cement |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1015447B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2208857B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK47793A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6491751B1 (en) | 1998-09-18 | 2002-12-10 | Texas Industries, Inc. | Method for manufacturing cement using a raw material mix including finely ground steel slag |
| US6709510B1 (en) | 2002-11-19 | 2004-03-23 | Texas Industries, Inc. | Process for using mill scale in cement clinker production |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2524096C1 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-07-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Полипласт" (ОАО "Полипласт") | Thinner of cement and raw slurry |
| CN107056105A (en) * | 2017-05-28 | 2017-08-18 | 翟永生 | Calcined by rotary kiln clinker reinforcing agent |
-
1987
- 1987-08-19 CN CN 87105757 patent/CN1015447B/en not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-08-18 GB GB8819670A patent/GB2208857B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-05-20 HK HK47793A patent/HK47793A/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6491751B1 (en) | 1998-09-18 | 2002-12-10 | Texas Industries, Inc. | Method for manufacturing cement using a raw material mix including finely ground steel slag |
| US6709510B1 (en) | 2002-11-19 | 2004-03-23 | Texas Industries, Inc. | Process for using mill scale in cement clinker production |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1015447B (en) | 1992-02-12 |
| CN87105757A (en) | 1988-03-16 |
| GB2208857B (en) | 1991-07-31 |
| GB8819670D0 (en) | 1988-09-21 |
| HK47793A (en) | 1993-05-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19960818 |