GB2206949A - Outer member for constant velocity ratio universal joint - Google Patents
Outer member for constant velocity ratio universal joint Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2206949A GB2206949A GB08815739A GB8815739A GB2206949A GB 2206949 A GB2206949 A GB 2206949A GB 08815739 A GB08815739 A GB 08815739A GB 8815739 A GB8815739 A GB 8815739A GB 2206949 A GB2206949 A GB 2206949A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- component
- joint
- joint member
- tracks
- welding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D3/2237—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts where the grooves are composed of radii and adjoining straight lines, i.e. undercut free [UF] type joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D2003/2232—Elements arranged in the hollow space between the end of the inner shaft and the outer joint member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D2003/22326—Attachments to the outer joint member, i.e. attachments to the exterior of the outer joint member or to the shaft of the outer joint member
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
Abstract
An outer member for a constant velocity ratio universal joint, comprises a hollow first component (12) which has tracks (14) inside it for engagement by torque transmitting means (e.g. balls (16)) of the joint, and a second component (13) which is secured to the first component by welding and has been provided, before being thus welded, with formations (20) for torque transmission with a wheel hub member. By forming the component (13) separately and then welding it, distortion of the first part of the joint member is avoided. <IMAGE>
Description
OUTER MEMBER FOR CONSTANT VELOCITY
RATIO UNIVERSAL JOINT
This invention relates broadly to constant velocity ratio universal joints, and more particularly to the construction of outer members for such joints.
In British Patent Specification 2097734, there is disclosed a wheel hub assembly, comprising a hub member which is rotatably supported by a bearing and whicn is drivable by way of a constant velocity ratio universal joint, a torque transmitting connection between the hub member and the outer member of the universal joint being provided by mutually interengaging axially facing teeth provided on these members. The hub member and outer joint member are held together by a central fastening bolt, and the configuration of the teeth is such that they are able to be provided on the respective members by processes such as cold or warm forming or rotary forging which do not require the teeth to be machined. Thereby economy in production is achieved.
The current approach to manufacture of universal joint members is to form as much of their shape as possible, including the shape of the tracks which co-operate with the torque transmitting means, e.g.
balls, of the joint, by deformation of the material thereof so that final machining, which usually includes grinding of the tracks in the joint member, is minimised.
However, a problem can arise when circumferentially spaced teeth or the like are being provided on an outer joint member for torque transmission with a hub member, in that the member as a whole may be distorted to the extent that excessive grinding of the tracks therein may be required. This can lead to increased production costs, and may jeopardise the service life of the joint.
It is the object of the present invention to overcome or reduce this problem. In the embodiments of joint more particularly described hereafter, the joint is intended to be used in a wheel hub assembly of the general type above referred to, but it will be appreciated that the invention is applicable more broadly to universal joints intended for use in other situations.
According to the invention, we provide an outer member for a constant velocity ratio universe' joint, comprising a hollow first component, provided In its interior with tracks for engagement by =srque transmitting means of the joint, and a second component secured to the first component by welding to close an end thereof, said second component being provided with circumferentially spaced formations for Forcue transmission.
A joint outer member according to the invention has several advantages. Firstly, the second component of the joint member can be provided with its torque transmitting formations by a process such as orbital roll forming or axial forging whilst it is a separate component, so that such operations have no effect on the shape of the first component of the joint outer member having the tracks for engaging the torque transmitting means of the joint.
Secondly, it is relatively easier to form tracks for engagement by torque transmitting means in the first component of the joint outer member if it is hollow with an aperture extending axially right through it, rather than if it were a cup-shaped component with a closed end.
The requirement for machining or grinding of the tracks in the joint outer member can be minimised or possibly eliminated completely.
Preferably the formations on the second component of the joint member comprise axially facing teeth or face splines, for torque transmission with a hub member.
Preferably said second component is further provided with a formation engagable with a fastener for holding it to the hub member.
The universal joint may be one wherein torque is transmitted by a plurality of balls spaced circumferentially about the joint, each ball engaging a facing pair of complementary tracks in the outer joint member and in an inner joint member fitting therein, the tracKs in the outer joint member being of undercut-f-ee confIguration considered from the end of the outer joint member which is closed by the second component thereof.
The outer member of a universal joint with undercutfree tracks facing in the direction of the closed end of the joint member has to be made by fabrication from separate components, since otherwise the joint is incapable of being manufactured and assembled.
Therefore, to provide the second component, closing the end of the first component of the outer joint member, with torque transmitting formations such as teeth while it is still a separate component, carries no penalty in manufacturing cost.
Preferably a welding process such as laser welding or possibly electron beam welding is used to secure the two components of the outer joint member together, so that heat input to the outer joint member as a wI-lole, which could affect the state of heat treatment of the joint member, is minimised.
Although the invention is advantageously applied to a joint whose outer member has undercut free tracks as above described, the invention is also applicable to other types of joints, and three other such types of joint are described hereafter.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which Figure 1 is an elevation, partly in section, of a first embodiment of joint according to the invention;
Figures 2, 3 and 4 are views as Figure 1 of further embodiments of joint according to the invention.
Referring first to Figure 1 of the drawings, the universal joint there illustrated comprises an outer joint member indicated generally at 10 and an inner joint member 11. The outer joint member comprises a first component 12 which is generally in the form of a hollow cylinder having a bore extending axially through it, and a second component 13 which is secured to one end of the first component to close that end thereof. The first component 12 has in its interior a number of circumferentially spaced axially extending tracks 14 each of which is of non-undercut configuration considered from the end of the component 12 which is closed by the second component 13, each track 14 comprising an arcuate portion at the end of the component 12 which remains open, leading into a straight axis-parallel portion at the closed end of the component.
The inner joint member is provided with circumferentially spaced tracks 15 which face the tracks 14, and a plurality of circumferentially disposed balls 16 are disposed one in each facing pair of tracks 14, 15.
The tracks 15 are of a shape complementary to that of the tracks 14 so that the balls are caused to occupy positions such that their centres lie in a common plane, bisecting the angle between the rotational axis of the outer and inner joint members when the joint is articulated, so that the joint has constant velocity ratio characteristics. The balls are held in the grooves and in such a common plane by a locating member in the form of a hemispherical shell 17 whose convex surface engages a concave part-spherical surface provided in the second component 13 of the outer joint member, so that the shell 17 can move angularly relative to the outer joint member when the joint rotates in the articulated condition.
A drive shaft 18 extends from the inner joint member 11, and has splined engagement for torque transmission therewith, being retained by a spring ring. A flexible sealing boot 19 connects the outer and inner joint members to retain lubricant therein and exclude dirt.
The second component 13 of the outer joint member is provided with circumferentially spaced axially facing formations in the form of teeth or face splines 20.
These provide for torque transmission with a hub member in an assembly of the general type disclosed in British
Patent Specification 2097734 aforesaid. The second component 13 further comprises a central boss 21 provided with a screw-threaded aperture 22 for receiving a fastener in the form of a central axially extending bolt, for holding the component 13 to the hub member with the teeth 20 thereon in engagement with complementary teeth on the hub member.
The first component 12 and second component i3 of the outer joint member 10 are initially separate from one another. The first component may be made, since the ball tracks therein are of non-undercut configuration, by a forming process which requires a minimum of subsequent machining or grinding in the ball tracks 14. The second component 13 may also be made by a forming process (with the exception of the tapping oE the screw-thread in the bore 22) , and in particular the teeth 20 thereon may be made by a rotary or orbital forging process.Then, when the joint is assembled, which has to be done by introducing the balls 16 and locating member 17 from the end of the component 12 at which the component 13 is subsequently fitted, the first and second components 12, 13 can be secured together by a welding process at the annular interface 23 therebetween. Preferably laser welding or electron beam welding is used for such welding process, so that the components are heated to the minimum extent necessary for welding and without affecting the state of heat treatment to which they are brought before they are welded together.
Referring now to Figures 2, 3, and 4 of the drawings, these show three further types of universal joint to which the invention may be applied. All are universal joints of known type, and the construction of the outer joint member of each of them is analogous to that of the universal joint of Figure 1. Therefore, these further embodiments of the invention will not be described in such great detail as in the case of the embodiment of Figure 1.
Referring now to Figure 2 of the drawings, this shows a universal joint which is of the so-called plunging type, i.e. is able to accommodate relative movement along the rotational axis of the joint between the inner and outer joint members, as well as relative articulation therebetween. The outer member of the joint comprises a first component 112 and a second component 113, and the first component has straight axis-parallel ball tracks 114 in its interior. The inner joint member 111 has straight ball tracks 11, and has a partspherical outer surface which engages a part-spherical internal surface in a cage 117 in which balls 116 are held.The cage has a part-spherical external surface, offset from its inernal surface, which engages a cylindrical surface in the component 112 of the outer joint member between the grooves 11 thereof, this arrangement of the cage and its part-spherical surfaces guiding the balls into the bisector plane with the joint is articulated.
The second component 113 of the joint has a boss 121 with a threaded bore, and axially facing circumferentially spaced tooth formations 120 for engagement with a hub member in a hub assembly. The first and second components 112, 113 are secured together by welding, e.g. laser welding, around an annular joint line 123 therebetween. In assembly of the universal joint of Figure 2, however, the two components of the outer joint member can be welded together before the inner joint member, balls, and cage are inserted therein from the end of the outer joint member which remains open. This is, of course, not possible in the joint of
Figure 1 because the ball-receiving grooves therein are open towards the end of the outer joint member which is closed by the second component 13.
Referring now to Figure 3 of the drawings, this shows a universal joint of the tripod type, wherein the outer joint member 210, comprising a first component 212 and a second component 213, is provide internally with three circumferentially spaced axially extending tracks 214. The inner joint member 211 is in the form of a tripod element with three radially extending trunnions 224 each of which carries a roller element 225 engaging in a respective track 214.
The second component 213 is provided with a boss 221 with a threaded bore, and teeth 220 as for the above embodiments. The two component 212, 213 are held together by welding at 223. As in the embodiment of
Figure 2, the inner joint member and associates components of this joint can be assembled into the joint from the open end of the outer joint member, after the two components 212, 213 of the outer joint member have been welded together.
Referring now to Figure 4, this shows yet a further embodiment of universal joint whereof the outer joint member has a first component 312 and a second component 313, the latter of which has teeth 320 and a boss 321 with a threaded bore for receiving a fastener. The two components 312, 313 are secured together by welding at an annular interface 323.
The universal joint shown in Figure 4 is of the well known type wherein torque is transmitted by balls 316 which engage in tracks in the outer and inner joint member which are of curved configuration, the balls being held in an annular cage between the joint members. The ball-receiving tracks in the joint members of this type of joint are not of non-undercut configuration, but as compared with generally known joints of this type the embodiment according to the invention has the advantage that the ball receiving tracks are easier to provide in a joint outer member component 312 which is of open ended configuration than they are in a joint member which is in the form of a cup with a closed end. In addition, the formation of teeth 320 on an initially separate component 313 before it is welded to the component 312 means that the formation of such teeth cannot lead to undesirable distortion of the component 312 having the ball receiving tracks.
The invention is applicable to universal joints wherein the second component of the joint outer member is provided wit formations for torque transmission of a configuration other than the axially facing teeth or face splines above referred to.
Claims (7)
1. An outer member for a constant velocity ratio universal joint, comprising a hollow first component, provided in its interior with tracks for engagement by torque transmitting means of the joint, and a second component secured to the first component by welding to close an end thereof, said second component being provided before being thus secured with circumferentially spaced formations for torque transmission.
2. A joint member according to Claim 1 wherein said formations comprise axially facing teeth or face splines, for torque transmission with a hub member.
3. A joint member according to Claim 2 wherein said second component is further provided with a formation engagable with a fastener for holding it to the hub member.
4. A joint member according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the universal joint is one wherein torque is transmitted by a plurality of balls spaced circumferentially about the joint, each ball engaging a facing pair of complementary tracks in the outer joint member and in an inner joint member fitting therein, the tracks in the outer joint member being of undercut-free configuration considered from the end of the outer joint member which is closed by the second component thereof.
5. A joint member accordiny to any one of the preceding claims wherein laser welding or electron beam welding is used to secure the two components of the outer joint member together.
6. A joint member according to any one of the preceding claims wherein said torque transmitting formations on said second component are provided by orbital roll forming.
7. A joint member substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB878716180A GB8716180D0 (en) | 1987-07-09 | 1987-07-09 | Outer member for universal joint |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8815739D0 GB8815739D0 (en) | 1988-08-10 |
| GB2206949A true GB2206949A (en) | 1989-01-18 |
Family
ID=10620369
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB878716180A Pending GB8716180D0 (en) | 1987-07-09 | 1987-07-09 | Outer member for universal joint |
| GB08815739A Withdrawn GB2206949A (en) | 1987-07-09 | 1988-07-01 | Outer member for constant velocity ratio universal joint |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB878716180A Pending GB8716180D0 (en) | 1987-07-09 | 1987-07-09 | Outer member for universal joint |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB8716180D0 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0484420A1 (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1992-05-13 | Gkn Automotive, Inc. | Undercut free constant velocity joint |
| EP0819862A1 (en) * | 1996-07-16 | 1998-01-21 | Automobiles Peugeot | Process and method for manufacturing a retention cage for a homokinetic coupling, and retention cage obtained by this process |
| DE102004052313B3 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-07-20 | Gkn Driveline Deutschland Gmbh | Gelenkaabdichtung |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1379915A (en) * | 1971-08-14 | 1975-01-08 | Gkn Transmissions Ltd | Connection of resiliently deformable sealing members to universal joints |
| GB1539108A (en) * | 1975-05-23 | 1979-01-24 | Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh | Hub assemblies |
| GB2004623A (en) * | 1977-09-21 | 1979-04-04 | Uni Cardan Ag | Universal joints |
| GB2071271A (en) * | 1980-03-11 | 1981-09-16 | Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh | Wheel hub mounting |
| GB2181501A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-04-23 | Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh | Differential gearing with integrated constant velocity universal joint |
| GB2184811A (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1987-07-01 | Gkn Automotive Components Inc | Sealing universal joints |
-
1987
- 1987-07-09 GB GB878716180A patent/GB8716180D0/en active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-07-01 GB GB08815739A patent/GB2206949A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1379915A (en) * | 1971-08-14 | 1975-01-08 | Gkn Transmissions Ltd | Connection of resiliently deformable sealing members to universal joints |
| GB1539108A (en) * | 1975-05-23 | 1979-01-24 | Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh | Hub assemblies |
| GB2004623A (en) * | 1977-09-21 | 1979-04-04 | Uni Cardan Ag | Universal joints |
| GB2071271A (en) * | 1980-03-11 | 1981-09-16 | Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh | Wheel hub mounting |
| GB2181501A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-04-23 | Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh | Differential gearing with integrated constant velocity universal joint |
| GB2184811A (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1987-07-01 | Gkn Automotive Components Inc | Sealing universal joints |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0484420A1 (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1992-05-13 | Gkn Automotive, Inc. | Undercut free constant velocity joint |
| EP0484420A4 (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1992-09-09 | Gkn Automotive, Inc. | Undercut free constant velocity joint |
| EP0819862A1 (en) * | 1996-07-16 | 1998-01-21 | Automobiles Peugeot | Process and method for manufacturing a retention cage for a homokinetic coupling, and retention cage obtained by this process |
| FR2751253A1 (en) * | 1996-07-16 | 1998-01-23 | Peugeot | METHOD AND PLANT FOR MACHINING A BALL CAGE OF A CV JOINT AND BALL CAGE OBTAINED BY THIS METHOD |
| DE102004052313B3 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-07-20 | Gkn Driveline Deutschland Gmbh | Gelenkaabdichtung |
| US8235395B2 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2012-08-07 | Gkn Driveline Deutschland Gmbh | Joint seal |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8716180D0 (en) | 1987-08-12 |
| GB8815739D0 (en) | 1988-08-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |