GB2205973A - Apparatus suitable for use in controlling the ambient temperature in a room - Google Patents
Apparatus suitable for use in controlling the ambient temperature in a room Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2205973A GB2205973A GB08713028A GB8713028A GB2205973A GB 2205973 A GB2205973 A GB 2205973A GB 08713028 A GB08713028 A GB 08713028A GB 8713028 A GB8713028 A GB 8713028A GB 2205973 A GB2205973 A GB 2205973A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- room
- signal
- desired temperature
- reterence
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
- G05D23/24—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1902—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the use of a variable reference value
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
Apparatus for controlling ambient temperature in a room comprises sensing means (22) for sensing the temperature and providing a signal representative of the temperature to a comparator (18), temperature reference means (16) to supply a reference signal representative of a desired temperature to the comparator (18) for comparison, the comparator supplying a signal to operating means (24, 26) should the sensed temperature be below the desired temperature whereby to raise the temperature, and control means controlling the temperature reference means and comprising detecting means (2, 4, 6) detecting the presence of a person and timing means (10, 12) providing a first control signal when a person is detected causing the temperature reference means (16) to provide a first reference signal representative of a first desired temperature e.g. 19-24 DEG C, and second and third control signals, respectively, at first and second pre-selected time intervals after a person ceases to be detected causing the temperature reference means (16) to provide second and third reference signals representative of second and third desired temperatures e.g. 5 DEG C below the first desired temperature and 12 DEG C respectively. The detecting means (2, 4, 6) may operate on ultrasonic, infrared or microwave principles. The control means may be overriden from a central location e.g. the central lobby of a hotel. <IMAGE>
Description
APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR USE IN CONTROLLING THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IN A ROOM
Various means have been proposed for detecting the presence of a person in a particular space, for example a hotel room, and for controlling the ambient conditions in this space, for example the temperature, ventilation, lighting and humidity. In some instances, timing devices have been included which have operated to delay any change in the ambient conditions, should the presence of a person in the appropriate space cease to be detected, for a period of time determined by the timing device.In some circumstances, for example in hotel roams, when the room is occupied the temperature is preferably set at a level comfortable for the occupant of the room, However, when a room is unoccupied, it is an unnecessary expense to heat the room to the same extent; it is therefore desirable to control the heating provided in a hotel room so that only a minimum of heat is supplied when it is noccup ied, In one aspect the present invention provides apparatus suitable for use in controlling the ambient temperature in a room comprising sensing means for sensing the temperature of the room and providing a signal representative of the temperature sensed to a comparator, temperature reference means arranged to supply a reference signal representative of a desired temperature to the comparator for comparison with the signal provided by the sensing means, the coinparator being arranged to supply a signal to operating means should the sensed temperature be below the desired temperature, and control means for controlling the temperature reference means, the control means comprising detecting means for detecting the presence of a person in the room and timing means arranged to provide a first control signal during the time period that the presence of a person in the room is detected whereby to cause the temperature reference means to provide a first reference signal representative of a first desired temperature, a second control signal at a first pre-selected time interval after the presence of a person in the room ceased to be detected whereby to cause the temperature reference means to provide a second reference signal representative of a second desired temperature, and a third control signal at a second pre-selected time interval after the presence of a person in the room ceased to be detected whereby to cause the temperature reference means to provide a third reference signal representative of a third desired temperature.
In apparatus in accordance with the invention any suitable sensing means may be used for sensing the temperature of the room; preferably the temperature sensing means comprises fast response thermistors, suitably with a resolution of about 0.250C. Suitable electronic circuits are conveniently provided for providing a voltage signal representative of the temperature sensed by the thermistor to a voltage comparator, Preferably temperature reference means of apparatus in accordance with the invention is arranged to supply a suitable voltage reference signal, representative of a desired temperature, to the comparator for comparison with the signal provided by the temperature sensing means.The comparator is arranged to supply a signal to operating means for example to a motorised control valve of a radiator, should the sensed temperature be below the desired temperature: other operating means may however be provided, for example electrical space heating means or hot air heaters may provide the operating means. Preferably the output signal from the voltage comparator is transmitted to the operating means through a system into which a hysterisis factor is built so that the operating means continues to operate for a short time after the comparator has indicated that the desired temperature has been reached this will ensure that the operating means is not switched on and off at very short intervals of time, which would be inefficient. A similar delay in switching on the operating means is also provided by this apparatus.
In apparatus according to the invention any means suitable for detecting the presence of a person in a room may be used; the preferred detecting means comprises an ultrasonic doppler shift detector which senses movement in the room. However, other detecting means may be used for example microwave detectors, infrared detectors, or any other kin'own means for detecting the presence of a person in a room.
In a preferred apparatus according to the invention, the control means further comprises timing means, suitably including two timers, arranged to provide control signals by which the temperature reference means is controlled. Suitably the first control signal is provided during the time period that the presence of a person in a room is detected by the detecting means: in the preferred apparatus detection of the person by the detecting means causes the doppler shift detector to operate a reset circuit causing the timers to be reset to the beginning of their timing cycle. Whilst the timers are in operation, a first control signal is supplied to a logic circuit which operates the temperature reference means to cause it to provide a first reference signal representative of a first desired temperature.The first desired temperature is preferably adjustable (between preset limits) by the occupant of the room who may choose to set the first desired temperature at a comfortable level.
Should the detecting means fail to detect the presence of a person in the room, the reset circuit is not operated and the timing means therefore continues to operate, The first timer is arranged to time-out after a first pre-selected time interval set as appropriate for the room in question: for example in a hotel room, it will be appropriate to set the first pre-selected time interval at 2 hours, to allow the occupant of the room to leave the room for a meal for example but to maintain the room temperature during the time the occupant is absent.
After the first pre-selected time interval. has elapsed the first timer causes a second control signal to be generated causing the temperature reference means to provide a second reference signal representive Of a second desired temperature: normally the second desired temperature will be lower than the first desired temperature and will be chosen according to the room in question.For example in a hotel room, the second desired temperature may be considered as a standby temperature, conveniently about 50 below the first desired temperature, at which temperature the heat supplied to the room (and thus the cost of heating the room) is reduced but only to a limited extent, the temperature reduction being such that by supply of heat by the normal heating system, the temperature of the room will rapidly be raised to the first desired temperature when the occupant returns.
The second timer is suitably arranged to time out at a second pre-selected time interval which is much longer than the first interval. Timing out of the second timer causes the temperature reference means to provide a third preference signal representative of a third desired temperature which will normally be lower than the second desired temperature. For example, in a hotel room, the third desired temperature will be a temperature selected to be such that the room will be maintained in an acceptable condition where no deterioration is likely to take place and, in any event, a temperature which is significantly above freezing point to ensure adequate frost protection.
In a modified apparatus according to the invention, an additional control means may be provided suitably operable from a central control point which may be arranged to override the control system comprising the detecting means and timing means and to cause the temperature reference means to give a reference signal controlled from the central point; for example in a hotel, the signal from the central point may be arranged to turn the temperature to the standby temperature (that is the second desired temperature) at a certain time for example between 2 o'clock and 5 o'clock in the morning or if a substantial number of rooms in the hotel are unoccupied, a central control signal may be used to reduce the temperature in inmost of the unoccupied rooms to the third desired temperature.One convenient means for providing a signal from a central point is to provide a digital signal on the alternating mains signal (a known technique for transmitting control signals to a number of places).
It will be appreciated that where an apparatus according to the invention is in use, it is important that the system should be reliable. A backup transformer for converting mains voltage to a suitable operating voltage which may be for example 24 volts DC, may be provided or, alternatively a rechargeable battery: in any event should a failure of the system occur it is preferred that a suitable alarm be provided (for example this may comprise a light emitting diode). Should the system fail completely, the apparatus is preferably arranged to maintain the temperature at the third desired temperature.The second and third desired temperatures are preferably preset during manufacture of the apparatus and cannot be changed on site; likewise the first and second pre-selected time intervals are also preferably pre-selected during manufacture of the apparatus and cannot be altered on site, thereby avoiding the possibility of unauthorised interference with the control system. conveniently the second desired temperature may be set to be a selected number of degrees below the first desired temperature.
There now follows a description to be read with reference to the accompanying drawing, of apparatus embodying the invention. It will be realised that this apparatus has been selected for description to illustrate the invention by way of example.
The accompanying drawing is a circuit diagram of apparatus embodying the invention.
Apparatus embodying the invention comprises detecting means comprising a 40 kHz piezoelectric oscillator driven by a 12 volt regulated power supply.
The oscillator circuit 2 feeds a piezoelectric transmitter at 40 kflz which emits ultrasonic vibrations into the room in which the temperature is to be controlled. Detecting means further comprises a receiver 4 for ultrasonic radiation and a doppler shift detector 6 which is arranged (by means of the doppler effect) to detect the movement of a person in the room. In order to provide the best results it is necessary to tune the detecting means to give the necessary response in the environment: by making slight changes to the oscillator frequency it is possible to change the distribution pattern of the ultrasonic waves to thereby ensure that movement of a person in a room is readily detected whilst other movements (for example curtains moving slightly in a draught) may be eliminated.By using a suitable grille on the detecting means, the ultrasonic waves may be deflected to strike various surfaces of the room to diffuse the ultrasonic waves through the whole room if this is necessary - for example by deflecting the ultrasonic radiation from the ceiling. Means is conveniently provided, for example an audible detector, to indicate when detecting means 2, 4, 6 is detecting movement in the room. Logic of the detecting means is preferably arranged so that random pulses which might arise in a room when it is unoccupied (for example falling of a piece of paper) do not trigger the detecting means.
The doppler shift detector 6 is arranged to operate a reset circuit 8 when detector 6 detects movement indicating a person in the space surveyed by the detector. The output from the reset circuit 8 is supplied to timing means comprising a first timer 10 and a second timer 12r whenever movement is detected by the detecting means the reset circuit 8 causes the timers 10, 12 to be reset to the beginning of their timing cycle. If no movement is detected, no shift in frequency is detected by the detector 6 and the timers 10, 12 are allowed to contained to time out. The output from the timers 10, 12 is supplied to logic ct circuitry 14. Should those timers 10, 12 be in operation, logic circuitry provides a first control signal to temperature reference means comprising temperature reference circuits 16.
Depending on the signal transmitted from the logic circuitry 14 to the temperature reference circuits 16, the temperature reference circuits 16 provide a corresponding reference signal (representative of a desired temperature) to suitable comparator means (for example a voltage comparator 18). The detecting means detecting the presence of a person in the room space triggers the logic circuits 14 and temperAture reference circuits 16 to provide a first reference signal representative of a first desired temperature to the comparator 18:: the first desired temperature is the temperature at which the'room is normally to be kept when occupied and will conveniently be adjustable by the room occupant, suitable adjusting means being provided for the logic circuit, The first desired temperature is suitably arranged to be adjustable between suitable temperatures, for example between 19 0C and 240C by the occupant of the room; however different temperature ranges may be selected if desired.
If the detecting means fails to detect the presence of a person in the room space the reset circuit 8 is not operated and the timers 10, 12 continue to time through their normal timing cycle. Finally, should no movement be detected, the timer 10 times-out, at a first pre-selected time interval after the last time at which the presence of a person in the room was detected, and provides a signal to the logic circuit 14 which provides a second control signal to the temperature reference circuits 16, thereby providing a second reference signal representative of a second desired temperature which is output from the circuits 16 to the voltage comparator.
The second desired temperature is suitably a standby temperature being the temperature at which a room is to be kept if it has been recently occupied but where the occupant is no longer present or is not active (for example the occupant may be in bed asleep). This second desired temperature is several degrees lower than the first, normal desired temperature and is sufficiently below the normal temperature to provide a significant saving in expense of heating. Suitably the second desired temperature is about 5 0C below the first desired temperature.The difference between the first and second desired temperatures is preset during manufacture of the illustrative apparatus and preferably cannot be changed on site (thereby eliminating the possibility of unauthori sed adjustment of the apparatus).
Finally, if no movement is detected in the space for a greater period of time, the reset circuits 8 still is not actuated and ultimately the second timer 12 times out and causes the logic circuits 14 to send a third control signal at a second pre-selected time interval after the last detection of the presence of a person in the room, to cause the teinperature reference circuits 16 to provide a third reference signal representative of a third desired temperature to the voltage comparator.
Conveniently this third desired temperature is the temperature at which the room is to be kept should it be unoccupied for a sufficiently long period of time - for example if no movement is detected in the room for many hours, say 24 hours. The third desired temperature Is as low as possible in the particular circumstances but is selected to be sufficiently high that the room and its furnishing will not deteriorate because of the low temperature - thus the third desired temperature is set sufficiently high to ensure that frost damage does not occur, for example.A temperature of about 12or may be suitable for the third desired temperature,
It will ba appreciated that the first, second and third desired temperatures may be selected in the manufacture of the illuetrative apparatus to have any suitable values and likewise the first and second preselected time intervals may also be arranged to be of any desired length (within the constraints provided by the timers 10, 12s suitable timers will normally be used in the apparatus to provide the full range of time intervals likely to be required).The timing iR conveniently achieved by a seven output binary counter with a maximum timer period setting at 32 hours and seven lower settings, each being ha the preceding setting: for example 32 hour timer settings of 16, 6, 4 2, 1 hours and 30 minutes will be appropriate; for a 16 hour timer the settings are similar except that the final setting will be 15 minutes. Suitably the detecting means operates at a frequency of 40 kHz + 1 kHz: the frequency can be tuned when setting up the illustrative apparatus to provide a suitable detection pattern. Conveniently the detection range can be adjusted up to about 9 metres. The sensing head suitably has a field of view of 130 degrees approximately.An alternative sensing head may be provided by an infrared sensor having a field view of about 120 degrees and a spectral response of between about 6.5 and 14 urn, detection range of up to 12 metrest however infrared sensing means may be somewhat less sensitive than the ultrasonic sensor. In either case, for setting up purposes, means are suitably provided for indicating operation of the sensing head when movement occurs in the room, suitably an audible device or a light emitting diode may be plugged into a suitable socket on the operator when setting it up.
When the temperature reference circuits 16 provide a suitable temperature reference signal as discussed above to the voltage comparator 18 it is in the form of a voltage related to the desired temperature as indicated by the logic circuits 14. This temperature reference signal is compared with a voltage signal provided by a temperature sensing circuit 20 which, in turn, is actuated by a fast response thermistor 22 installed in the room: suitably the thermistor 22 has resolution of about 0.250C Should the comparator 18 detect that the temperature sensed by the thermistor 22 is less than the desired temperature indicated by the reference signal provided from the circuits 16, then an output signal is transmitted to a relay drive means 24 which, should the signal which indicates that the room temperature 23 is lass than the desired temperature continue for a short period of time, will give an output signal to a relay 26, the relay being connected, when the apparatus is installed in the room, to a suitable operating means by which the heating system for the room is operated.For example, where the heating means of the room is a hot water radiator system, the operating means may conveniently be a motorised valve. Alternatively the operating means may be an electric space heater or a hot air heating system, for example. The hysterisis type delay in the operation of the relay drive means 24 is provided to ensure that "chatter" does not occur in the operation of the operating means when the temperature fluctuates -slightly about the desired temperature.Thus once the relay drive means 24 has operated the relay 26 to activate the operating means, the relay 26 will remain in the activated condition for a period even though the thermistor detects a rise in temperature above the desired temperature; once the desired temperature has been exceeded for a suitable period (determined by the relay drlve means 24) the relay drive means will deactivate the operating means.
In apparatus in accordance with the invention generally similar to the illustrative apparatus a further control may be provided, if desired, to override the detecting means control circuit and cause the logic circuit 14 to output a particular control signal to the temperature reference circuits 16 irrespective of the status of the timers 10 12, for example it may be desired to ensure that the heating systems in all rooms in the hotel are turned down to the standby temperature (the second desired temperature) during the middle hours of the night for example between 2 and 5 a.m, A manual override circuit may be provided in each room to reactivate the detecting means, also, if this system is adopted.The further control signal may suitably be transmitted from a central point, for example a timer of the heating system or the control desk of the hotel.
Suitably the signal may be supplied in the form of a digitised signal on the mains voltage, detected by a detector 28 which supplies a suitable output signal to operate the logic circuits 14 causing it to provide the desired control signal to the temperature reference circuit 16.
Although the illustrative apparatus comprises timing means provided by two timers 10, 12, apparatus otherwise similar to the illustrative apparatus may comprise timing means in the form of a single timer with outputs generated after several different time intervals. The timing means of apparatus in accordance with the invention may provide several different output signals after several different time intervals so that more than three desired temperatures may be used, if necessary.
As well as operating temperature control system apparatus in accordance with the invention may also operate other systems controlling the ambient conditions in a room, notably the humidity where a full ait conditioning system is supplied.
Claims (16)
1. Apparatus, suitable for use in controlling the ambient temperature in a room comprising sensing means for sensing the temperature ot the room and providing a signal representative of the temperature sensed to a comparator, temperature reference means arranged to supply a reference signal representative of a desired temperature to the comparator tor comparispn with the signal provided by the sensing means, the comparator being arranged to supply a signal to operating means should the sensed temperature be below the desired temperature whereby to raise the temperature, and control means for controlling the temperature reference means, the control means comprising detecting means for detecting the presence of a perspn in the room and timing means arranged to provide a first control signal during the time period that the presence of a perspn in the room is detected whereby to cause the temperature reference means to provide a first reterence signal representative ot a tirst desired temperature, a second control signal at a first pre-selected time interval after the presence of a person in the room ceases to be detected whereby to cause the temperature reterence means to provide a second reterence signal representative ot a second desired temperature, and a third control signal at a second pre-selected time interval atter the presence of a perspn in the room ceases to be detected whereby to cause the temperature reterence means to provide a third reterence signal representative ot a third desired temperature.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein the temperature sensing means comprises a tast response thermistor.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 2 wherein the resolution ot the thermistor is about 0.20C.
4. Apparatus according to any one ot the preceding claims wherein the temperature reterence means, is; arranged to supply a voltage reterence signal representative of a desired temperature to a voltage comparator to which a voltage signal representative of the temperature sensed is supplied by the sensing means tor comparispn with the reterence signal.
b. Apparatus according to any one ot the preceding claims wherein the operating means is a motorized radiator control valve.
6. Apparatus according to any one ot the preceding claims wherein the output signal trom the comparator is transmitted to the operating means through a system into WhiCh a hysterisis tactor 1S bullt.
/. Apparatus according to any one sot the preceding claims wherein the detecting means comprises an ultra sonic doppler shitt detector which senses movement in the room.
8. Apparatus. according to Claim 7 wherein the oscillator trequency ot the ultraspnic detector can be adzusted. 8
9. Apparatus according to either one ot Claims / and 8 comprising a grille on the detecting means to deflect the ultrasonic radiation and diffuse it through the room.
10. Apparatus according to any one ot Claim I to 6 wherein the detecting means comprises. an infrared detector.
11. Apparatus according to any one ot the preceding claims wherein the control means comprises a reset circuit which is arranged to be operated by the detecting means when it detects the presence ot a person in a room to cause the timing means to be reset to the beginning ot the timing cycle.
12. Apparatus according .to any one ot the preceding claims wherein the tirst desired temperature is.
adjustable.
13. Apparatus according to any one ot the preceding claims wherein the second desired temperature wherein the ditterence between the first and second desired temperatures is pre-set.
14. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims comprising additional control means arranged to overide the control system to give a temperature reterence signal controlled trom a central point.
Ib. Apparatus according to any one ot the preceding claims additionally arranged to operate other system controlling ambient conditions in a room.
16. Apparatus suitable for use in controlling the ambient temperature in a room constructea arranged and adapted to operate substantially ,as hereinbetore described with reterence to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08713028A GB2205973A (en) | 1987-06-03 | 1987-06-03 | Apparatus suitable for use in controlling the ambient temperature in a room |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08713028A GB2205973A (en) | 1987-06-03 | 1987-06-03 | Apparatus suitable for use in controlling the ambient temperature in a room |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8713028D0 GB8713028D0 (en) | 1987-07-08 |
| GB2205973A true GB2205973A (en) | 1988-12-21 |
Family
ID=10618328
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08713028A Withdrawn GB2205973A (en) | 1987-06-03 | 1987-06-03 | Apparatus suitable for use in controlling the ambient temperature in a room |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2205973A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2238405A (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 1991-05-29 | Shimizu Construction Co Ltd | Environmental control system for creating comfortable space |
| GB2265026A (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-09-15 | Sanyo Electric Co | Air conitioner with local and remote control |
| GB2323938A (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 1998-10-07 | Carver Plc | Control system for electrically actuated radiator valves in a central heating system |
-
1987
- 1987-06-03 GB GB08713028A patent/GB2205973A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2238405A (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 1991-05-29 | Shimizu Construction Co Ltd | Environmental control system for creating comfortable space |
| GB2238405B (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 1994-06-22 | Shimizu Construction Co Ltd | System for creating comfortable space |
| GB2265026A (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-09-15 | Sanyo Electric Co | Air conitioner with local and remote control |
| GB2265026B (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1995-08-16 | Sanyo Electric Co | Air conditioner |
| GB2323938A (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 1998-10-07 | Carver Plc | Control system for electrically actuated radiator valves in a central heating system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8713028D0 (en) | 1987-07-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |