GB2195354A - Extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles - Google Patents

Extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2195354A
GB2195354A GB08622250A GB8622250A GB2195354A GB 2195354 A GB2195354 A GB 2195354A GB 08622250 A GB08622250 A GB 08622250A GB 8622250 A GB8622250 A GB 8622250A GB 2195354 A GB2195354 A GB 2195354A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
substrate particles
coke
hydrocarbon
bearing
bearing substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB08622250A
Other versions
GB8622250D0 (en
Inventor
Hermanus Marie Henricus Wechem
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to GB08622250A priority Critical patent/GB2195354A/en
Publication of GB8622250D0 publication Critical patent/GB8622250D0/en
Priority to AU78374/87A priority patent/AU591337B2/en
Publication of GB2195354A publication Critical patent/GB2195354A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/16—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form
    • C10B49/20—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form
    • C10B49/22—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

Process for extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonbearing substrate particles comprising introducing the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles in a retort zone 2, mixing, in the substantial absence of oxygen, the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles with hot substrate particles supplied through inlet 10 to produce liberated hydrocarbons and coke-bearing substrate particles, the mixture 21 being maintained in a substantially fluidized state, removing a gaseous stream comprising liberated hydrocarbons through outlet 16, and removing a mixture of substrate particles and coke-bearing substrate particles from the retort zone 2, wherein the hot substrate particles are surrounded by a basic atmosphere and/or at least B part of the hot substrate particles are partly covered with coke. In the embodiment shown the mixture of particles removed from zone 2 is mixed with further fresh hydrocarbon-bearing particles in zone 3 where further extraction occurs. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonbearing substrate particles The present invention relates to a process for extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonbearing substrate particles, for example an oil shale, tar sand or bituminous coal.
A known process for extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles comprises introducing the hydrocarbonbearing substrate particles in a retort zone, mixing in the substantial absence of oxygen the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles with hot substrate particles to produce liberated hydrocarbons and coke-bearing substrate particles, the mixture being maintained in a substantially fluidized state, and removing liberated hydrocarbons and a mixture of substrate particles and coke-bearing substrate particles from the retort zone.
It was found that when the substrate comprises clay, an unexpectedly low amount of hydrocarbons was liberated.
It is an object of the present invention to improve the yield of hydrocarbons.
To this end the process for extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles according to the invention comprises introducing the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles in a retort zone, mixing in the substantial absence of oxygen the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles with hot substrate particles to produce liberated hydrocarbons and coke-bearing substrate particles, the mixture being maintained in a substantially fluidized state, and removing liberated hydrocarbons and a mixture of substrate particles and coke-bearing substrate particles from the retort zone, wherein the hot substrate particles are surrounded by a basic atmosphere and/or at least a part of the hot substrate particles are partly covered with coke.
In a further embodiment, the process for extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonbearing substrate particles according to the invention comprises passing in the substantial absence of oxygen the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles through at least two retort zones, mixing in at least one retort zone the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles with hot substrate particles to produce liberated hydrocarbons and coke-bearing substrate particles, the mixture being maintained in a substantially fluidized state, and removing liberated hydrocarbons and a mixture of substrate particles and coke-bearing substrate particles from the retort zones, wherein the hot substrate particles are surrounded by a basic atmosphere and/or at least a part of the hot substrate particles are partly covered with coke.
The invention will now be described by way of example in more detail with reference to Fig. 1 showing schematically a longitudinal section of vessel 1 comprising a first retort zone 2 and and a second retort zone 3. The vessel 1 further comprises an inlet 5 for introducing hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles into the vessel 1, an outlet 6 for removing a mixture of substrate particles and coke-bearing substrate particles from the vessel 1, and a weir 8 separating the retort zones 2 and 3.
Each retort zone is provided with an inlet 10 for introducing hot substrate particles into the retort zone, means 12 for removing liberated hydrocarbons from the retort zone in the form of a cyclone 13 having an inlet 14, a solids outlet 15 and a gas outlet 16, and means 20 for introducing fluidizing gas into the retort zone.
To extract hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonbearing substrate particles, for example oil shale particles, oil shale particles are first preheated in a preheater (not shown), and subsequently the preheated oil shale particles are introduced in the substantial absence of oxygen in the first retort zone 2 through inlet 5.
Oil shale particles are first heated in the first retort zone 2 by mixing with hot substrate particles in the form of hot spent shale particles introduced into the first retort zone 2 through inlet 10 to produce liberated hydrocarbons and coke-bearing substrate particles. The mixture 21 of substrate particles and cokebearing substrate particles is maintained in a substantially fluidized state by means of fluidizing gas in the form of steam supplied to the means 20 for introducing fluidizing gas the first retort zone 2.
A gaseous stream comprising liberated hydrocarbons and steam is removed through inlet 14, the cyclone 13 and the outlet 16 for further treating (not shown). The mixture of substrate particles and coke-bearing substrate particles is passed from the first retort zone 2 over the weir 8 to the second retort zone 3, in which the mixture is heated by mixing with hot spent shale particles supplied through inlet 10 to produce an additional amount of liberated hydrocarbons and coke-bearing substrate particles. The mixture 22 of substrate particles and coke-bearing substrate particles is maintained in a substantially fluidized state by means of fluidizing gas in the form of steam supplied to the means 20 for introducing fluidizing gas the second retort zone 3.
A gaseous stream comprising liberated hydrocarbons and steam is removed from the second retort zone 3 by means of the cylone 13 outlet 16 for further treating (not shown).
The mixture of substrate particles and cokebearing substrate particles is removed from the second retort zone 3 via outlet 6, and it is passed to a combustor (not shown) where coke is burnt to produce hot substrate particles which can be used to heat oil shale particles in the retort zones.
To surround the hot substrate particles in the retort zones 2 and 3 by a basic atmosphere ammonia is added to the steam supplied to the means 20 for introducing fluidizing gas the retort zones 2 and 3. This will improve the yield of hydrocarbons.
A suitable amount of ammonia is between 0.1 to 5 kg per 100 kg of steam.
The yield of hydrocarbons may as well be improved by using hot substrate particles which are partly covered with coke. In this case the mixture of substrate particles and coke-bearing substrate particles removed from the second retort zone 3 is passed to a combustor (not shown) in which a part of the coke present on the coke-bearing substrate particles is combusted to obtain hot substrate particles which are passed to the retort zones 2 and 3 to be mixed with the hydrocarbonbearing substrate particles.
A suitable amount of coke present on the hot substrate particles is between 0.5 and 5 kg per 100 kg hot substrate particles.
The vessel as shown in Fig. 1 comprises two retort zones, the vesel may comprise one retort zone, or more than two, for example three to five.
As shown in Fig. 1 the weir 8 does not extend to the roof of the vessel 1, so that the upper parts of the retort zones 2 and 3 are in communication with each other. If it is required to remove gaseous streams separately from the retort zones 2 and 3, the vessel may be provided with a wall which extends to the roof of the vessel, and to allow passing a mixture of substrate particles and coke-bearing substrate particles from the first retort zone 2 to the second retort zone 3 an opening should be provided in the lower- part of the wall. The latter embodiment is particularly suitable if the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate comprises carbonates which form CO2 when heated to the temperatures prevailing in the first retort zone.
Substantially all CO2 is then removed from the the first retort zone in a CO2 containing stream, and the gaseous streams removed form the subsequent retort zones will be substantially free of CO2.

Claims (7)

1. Process for extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonbearing substrate particles comprising introducing the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles in a retort zone, mixing in the substantial absence of oxygen the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles with hot substrate particles to produce liberated hydrocarbons and coke-bearing substrate particles, the mixture being maintained in a substantially fluidized state, and removing liberated hydrocarbons and a mixture of substrate particles and coke-bearing substrate particles from the retort zone, wherein the hot substrate particles are surrounded by a basic atmosphere and/or at least a part of the hot substrate particles are partly covered with coke.
2. Process for extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonbearing substrate particles comprising passing in the substantial absence of oxygen the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles through at least two retort zones, mixing in at least one retort zone the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles with hot substrate particles to produce liberated hydrocarbons and coke-bearing substrate particles, the mixture being maintained in a substantially fluidized state, and removing liberated hydrocarbons and a mixture of substrate particles and coke-bearing substrate particles from the retort zones, wherein the hot substrate particles are surrounded by a basic atmosphere and/or at least a part of the hot substrate particles are partly covered with coke.
3. Process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein mixing the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles with hot substrate particles is carried out in the presence of ammonia.
4. Process as claimed in any one of the claims 1-3, wherein the mixture of substrate particles and coke-bearing substrate particles removed from the retort zone is passed to a combustor in which a part of the coke present on the coke-bearing substrate particles is combusted to obtain hot substrate particles which are passed to the retort zone(s) to be mixed with the hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles.
5. Process as claimed in any one of the claims 1-4, wherein liberated hydrocarbons are removed by passage of an inert stripping gas.
6. Process as claimed in any one of the claims 2-5, wherein a gaseous stream comprising liberated hydrocarbons are discharged from each retorting zone separately.
7. Process for extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonbearing substrate particles substantially as described herein above with particular reference to the drawing.
GB08622250A 1986-09-16 1986-09-16 Extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles Withdrawn GB2195354A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08622250A GB2195354A (en) 1986-09-16 1986-09-16 Extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles
AU78374/87A AU591337B2 (en) 1986-09-16 1987-09-14 Extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08622250A GB2195354A (en) 1986-09-16 1986-09-16 Extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8622250D0 GB8622250D0 (en) 1986-10-22
GB2195354A true GB2195354A (en) 1988-04-07

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ID=10604238

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB08622250A Withdrawn GB2195354A (en) 1986-09-16 1986-09-16 Extracting hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing substrate particles

Country Status (2)

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AU (1) AU591337B2 (en)
GB (1) GB2195354A (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB664057A (en) * 1949-03-11 1951-01-02 Holford Processes Ltd Improvements in or relating to the distillation of carbonaceous or cellulosic material
GB1224582A (en) * 1968-04-16 1971-03-10 Woods Res & Dev Corp In situ recovery of earth minerals and derivative compounds
GB1499758A (en) * 1974-08-08 1978-02-01 Marathon Oil Co Process for the recovery of organic hydrocarbons from oil shale
GB2017745A (en) * 1978-03-22 1979-10-10 Chevron Res Retorting process
GB2018814A (en) * 1978-03-28 1979-10-24 Chevron Res Process for retorting hydrocarbon-containing solids
GB2097017A (en) * 1981-04-22 1982-10-27 Shell Int Research Extraction of hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-bearing substrate

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU576478B2 (en) * 1982-10-19 1988-09-01 Ludlow Daniels Recovery of shale oil from oil shale
AU560815B2 (en) * 1983-01-28 1987-04-16 Central Pacific Minerals N.L. Fluidised bed retorting of coal and oil shale
AU578286B2 (en) * 1984-05-22 1988-10-20 Ludlow Daniels Oil from shale

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB664057A (en) * 1949-03-11 1951-01-02 Holford Processes Ltd Improvements in or relating to the distillation of carbonaceous or cellulosic material
GB1224582A (en) * 1968-04-16 1971-03-10 Woods Res & Dev Corp In situ recovery of earth minerals and derivative compounds
GB1499758A (en) * 1974-08-08 1978-02-01 Marathon Oil Co Process for the recovery of organic hydrocarbons from oil shale
GB2017745A (en) * 1978-03-22 1979-10-10 Chevron Res Retorting process
GB2018814A (en) * 1978-03-28 1979-10-24 Chevron Res Process for retorting hydrocarbon-containing solids
GB2097017A (en) * 1981-04-22 1982-10-27 Shell Int Research Extraction of hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-bearing substrate

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
WO A1 83/02283 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7837487A (en) 1988-03-24
GB8622250D0 (en) 1986-10-22
AU591337B2 (en) 1989-11-30

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