GB2191640A - A multi-core flat electrical or optical fibre cable connector - Google Patents

A multi-core flat electrical or optical fibre cable connector Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2191640A
GB2191640A GB08703146A GB8703146A GB2191640A GB 2191640 A GB2191640 A GB 2191640A GB 08703146 A GB08703146 A GB 08703146A GB 8703146 A GB8703146 A GB 8703146A GB 2191640 A GB2191640 A GB 2191640A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
shell
shells
connector
core
cable connector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB08703146A
Other versions
GB8703146D0 (en
Inventor
John Michael Faller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Allied Corp
Original Assignee
Allied Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Allied Corp filed Critical Allied Corp
Publication of GB8703146D0 publication Critical patent/GB8703146D0/en
Priority to EP87304981A priority Critical patent/EP0249406A1/en
Publication of GB2191640A publication Critical patent/GB2191640A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/389Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs characterised by the method of fastening connecting plugs and sockets, e.g. screw- or nut-lock, snap-in, bayonet type
    • G02B6/3893Push-pull type, e.g. snap-in, push-on
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3873Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls
    • G02B6/3885Multicore or multichannel optical connectors, i.e. one single ferrule containing more than one fibre, e.g. ribbon type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70Coupling devices
    • H01R12/77Coupling devices for flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures
    • H01R12/771Details
    • H01R12/775Ground or shield arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/629Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70Coupling devices
    • H01R12/77Coupling devices for flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures
    • H01R12/78Coupling devices for flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures connecting to other flexible printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables or like structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/627Snap or like fastening
    • H01R13/6275Latching arms not integral with the housing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/64Means for preventing incorrect coupling
    • H01R13/645Means for preventing incorrect coupling by exchangeable elements on case or base

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Abstract

Rectangular connector shells 61, 62 each housing a plurality of contacts which are connected together when one shell 61 is plugged into the other shell 62 are releasably held together by the hooked ends of manually operated levers 74 engaging in recesses in the other shell, the levers being pivotally connected to the narrower sides of the one shell 61 and being located within the combined profile of the two shells. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Multi-core cable connectors This invention relates to multi-core cable connectors and relates more especially but not exclusively to electrical cable connectors.
Multi-core cables and connectors are nowwell established in the field of electronics for interconnecting equipment made up of discreet units. Such cables and connectors thereby enablethe unitsto be individually disconnected from a complete system for checking, calibration or replacement and separate utilisation.
The present invention seeks to provide a compact multi-core connector assemblywhich whilst affording such adaptability offers mechanical and electrical characteristics as near as possibletothoseprov- ided by a continuous cable.
The invention may not be limited to electrically multi-core cables but may be employed if required to interconnectfibre optic cables orcables incorporat- ing combinations of fibre optic cores and electrically conducting cores.
According to the present invention there is provided a multi-core cable connector comprising a first connector shell carrying a first contact insert and a second connector shell carrying a second contact in sert said first shell being abuttable (via a gasket or other spacer if required, within the second shell to provide inter-engagement between individual connector elements retained in the first and second inserts and first shell having a manually releaseable locking lever at least partially incorporated within the combined profile ofthe two shells for retaining the first shell in abutment with the second shell.
In orderthat the invention may be more clearly understood and readily carried into effectthe same will be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings ofwhich: Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of a plug shell and a socket shell of a multi-core cable connector, Figure2 illustrates a part-sectional view th rough an assembled multi-core connector as shown in Figure 1, Figure 3 illustrates a perspective view of com ponentsofafurtherconnectorand Figure 4(a) (b) and (c) illustrate enlarged sectional views of a connector made up of parts shown in Figure 3.
Referring to Figure 1 the multi-core cable connec torshown therein consists of a first metal shell denoted by reference 1 which is insertable into a second metal shell denoted by reference 2. The shells are each adapted to receive a pair of screened flat ribbon cables these two cables in the present example together providing a total of 20 cores in two rows. In the case ofthe shell 2, a back-shell cover 3 is shown removed tog ether with a spacing and clamping block 4which in the completed assembly both grips and maintains apartthe two flat cables. Similar backshell cover and gripping block is provided, on the underside of the shell 1, which plugs into the shell 2.
The first shell denoted by reference 1 is formed by pressuredie-casting of aluminium or other suitable electrically conducting metal and is provided with shaped recesses such as 5 on each side within which pivotted block levers 7 and 8 are located to be rotatable through small angles about respective pivot pins 9 and 10. Portions ofthe shell 1 denoted by references 11 and 12 are resiliently deflectable to allow engagement and disengagement with apertures 13 and 14 of respective dimples on the upper surfaces of 7 and 8,to provide click-stop location of these levers in the positions shown.Thus by depression of outer ends such as 15 of lever 7 and lever 8 hooked ends 16 and 17 of the levers are outwardly moveable to permit release thereof from respective com plimentaryshoulders 18 and 19 ofthe shell 2to permit separation of the two shells when they are assembled together.
The shape ofthe levers 7 and 8 and the manner in which the hooked ends 16, 17 thereof engage with the shoulders ofthe shell 2 is more clearly to be seen with reference to Figure 2 forthe lever 7. It will be observed therefrom that close to the pivot pin 9 the lever7 has an abutment 51 engageablewith an abutment52oftheshell 2in asenseto urgetheleverinto its locking position when the shells are brought together.
Afurtherfeature of the multi-core cable connector of Figure 1 is the provision of hexagonal polorising keys such as seen at references 20 and 21. The parts visible are half hexagonal butthey have hexagonal roots which locate in hexagonal apertures in the respective shells and each can be located in one of six positions. Given that further such keys are provided, not seen, on the other side of the connector, a maximum of 36 discreet plug-types can be defined by the positioning ofthese keys. This is useful in complex systems where erroneous inter-connections or attempts at erroneous inter-connections are always a possibility.In orderto make a valid connection between shell 1 and shell 2 it is essential that the larger flatsurfaceofonehalf-hexagonslidinglyalignswith a complimentary surface of the other half-hexagon and thatthis shall occurforboth pairs.
Regerring again to Figure 2, the part-sectional view shown therein includes a typical arrangement of one socket contact denoted by ref. 31, within the shell 1 and a complimentaryinter-connecting plug-in or pin contact 32 retained within the shell 2. It will be appreciated that in the present example there are twenty such pairs of contacts, contacts such as 31 all being located within a single contact insert 33 which is itself retained in the shell by a push-in retention member 34. Since contact insert 33 has an annular shoulder45 which rests against an internal annular shoulder45 which rests against an internal annular shoulder 46 ofthe shell 2 and the push-in retention member34 has an annular shoulder47 which after assembly rests against s shoulder 48 of the shell these components are precisely positioned on the shell.Respective cores of the flat cables enter through asuitable insertorgrommet35 retained in the shell by covers such as 3 in Figure 1.
Similarly, the pin-contacts carried within the shell 2 are retained in a pin insert 36 which itself is located in position in the shell by a retention member 37 the cables cores again entering by an insert or grommet 38. Whilst the precise shape and/or configuration of the internal components of the connector are not identical to previous arrangements, the manner of retention of the socket contacts and pin contacts within respective inserts 34 and 37 is more or less conventional and it will be seen that these contacts may be individually released if required by insertion of a suitable tool for example into the cylindrical space 39 to outwardly spread retaining fingers such as 40 to permit withdrawal of the respective contact.
As well as providing respective inter-connection of the respective cores of the flat cables, it is desirable thatthe metal shells make good contact with one another and are not susceptible to E.M. interference. A suitable contact spring denoted by reference 41 is, therefore, provided mounted on the shell 2 together with a conductive '0' ring 42 each of these items resiliently bridging a space 43 between the assembled shells. Furthermore, a resilient face seal 45 is carried on the pins such as 32 within the shell 2 and is shaped to provide good sealing engagement with the contact insert 33 when the two shells are pressed together and thereby provide a further precaution against the ingress of moisture orothercontamination.Itwill be appreciated from the foregoing that after assembly ofthe two shells 1 and 2 together in making a connection, the operator is simply required to ensure that the inner ends 16 and 17 of the levers 7 and 8 are in engagement with the respective shoulders 18 and 19, to complete the assembly and prevent any possibility of the shells being pulled apart.
One of two suitable mounting screwsforthe shell 2 is shown at49 in Figure 1 wherebythis shell can be mounted to a surface not shown. Furthermore, such screws are conveniently provided with tapped holes 50 whereby two or more such shells can readily be mounted one above the other if required.
Referring now to Figure 3, the further multi-core cable connector shown therein is approximately actual size and consists of a first metal shell denoted by reference 61 which is insertable into a second metal shell denoted by reference 62. Cable-clamping backshell covers are provided for the back ends of shells 61 and 62, these back-shell covers being denoted by references 64,6566 and 67 and back-shell covers shown notassembled. The back-shell covers can take a variety of shapes determined by the type and quality of cables used butthose particularly shown arefor clamping single, flat-ribbon cables.The shell 61 is provided at each side thereof with a shaped protruberence, such as 68 provided with a tapped hole 69 for receiving a pivot screw 70 of a cam-lever 71. In orderto urge the cam-lever into a locking position in relation to the shell 62 when assembled thereto lever 71 is assembled to its shell together with a spring 72 which locates in a groove 73 as indicated in relation to the other cam-lever 74. The two cam-levers have hook-shaped ends and thereby provide means for locking the two shells 61 and 62 together in an exactly similar mannerto the cam-levers 7 and 8 of Figure 1, exceptthatthey are assisted by springs 72.
The shell 61 is provided, in its respective protruberence such as 68, with hexagonal apertures for receiving cut-away hexagonal key members 75 and 76 which can be arranged to be complimentary to correspond cut-away key members such as 77 of the shell 62 when the two shells are assembled together.
Again, this is for the purposes of preventing in app ropriate or erroneous coupling of connectors which are not intended to be assembled together.
Referring to Figure 4 of the drawings, Figure 4a shows a section through the assembled pair of connectorshells 61 and 52 and corresponding parts thereof are denoted by the same reference numerals as used in Figure 3. The section of Figure4a isa planar section which passes through a female contact denoted by reference 81 and the male contact denoted by reference 82. Contact 81 has an annular flange 83 which locates against a stop 84 formed in a respective one of a plurality of recesses in an insulating insert 85 which itself sealingly engages with the shell 62 via a resilient gasket 86.The insert 85 is located in position by means of a retention member 87 which together with a cable core spring insert or grommet 88 is retained in position by a springy metal retention clip 89 having outwardly extending tines such as tines 90 which are visible in thetransverse sectional view of Figure 4b. These tines engage in apertures 91 formed in the body of the shell 62 and which are accessible from the exterior. Removal of back-shell covers 66 and 67 and depression ofthe tines therefore permits removal of the contact inserts. Similar means are provided for retaining the contact male pins such as 82 in position in an insulating insert in the other shell 61,thewhole being retained therein by means of an identical retention clip 92 with respective tines 93 engaging in apertures 94 ofthe body of the shell 61.The upper and lowersurfaces of the shell 64 are dimensioned to be close fit within internal surfaces 96 of the shell 62 when the two shells are brought together to provide interconnection between the pins such as 82 and the sockets such as 81. However, twill be observed that earthing springs such as 97 are mounted to each side of the shell 61 to provide good earthing connection between shell 61 and shell 52 on assembly. Furthermore, a resilient rubber gasket 98 is fitted within shell 62 over the socket pins such as 81 to provide mutual sealingly between the respective inserts to protect the contacts against the ingress of moisture or other contaminant material.Further protection against ingress offoreign matter is provided by resilient gasket rings 104 internally trapped between the contact inserts and the respective shells 61 and 62. The fragmental sectional view of Figu re 4b il lust- rates a section through the lugs such as 68 which not only carry the pivot screws 70 for the cam levers 71 and 74 but also they carry the aforementioned cutaway hexagonal pins 75 and 77 only marry with each other when they are correctly orientated in the respective shells. The hexagons 75 and 77 are each provided with a head such as 99 togetherwith partial cuts 100 along their length to permit springing together of the two halves permitting removal and resetting ofthe orientation of the hexagons as required.
As indicated at reference 105 in Figure 1, the inserts such as 85 which carry the contacts within the connector shells can carry chamfers which cor respond with internal corner fillets in the shells. This ensures correct and ambiguous assembly ofthe in serts to the shells.
As in the case of the connector in Figure 1, the two shells 61 and 52 are readily separated by gripping eitherside oftheshell 62 around the grips levers 71 and 74. This overcomesthe influence ofthe springs 72 in this embodiment and permits the hook ends 102 to be lifted out of engagement with the re spective recesses 101 of shell 62. In the absence of such depression ofthe grips of levers 74 and 71, the two shells are retained strongly and securely together.
Although now shown in Figure 3, the back-shell covers of the shells 61 and 52 may be adapted, sim- ilarlyto those shown in Figure 1, i to incorporate a cable spacer and to accept two or more flat cables.
The sectional view in Figure 4b, illustrates such a possibility in covers 66 and 67.
It will be appreciated from the foregoing that a multi-circuit cable connector in accordance with the present invention as shown in the drawings provides a neat, strong and robust arrangement wherein locking means for locking the two shells together are provided within the overall external dimensions of the assembly. Nothing less than intentional operation ofthe levers by depressing ends such as 15 which are recessed in the shell 1 can therefore result in unlocking ofthe levers to permit separation ofthe shelis. The clamping means for the ca bles in the back-shell covers can be made as robust as neces sarytowithstand as much strain asthecablesthemselves are capable of withstanding. The polorizing keys such as 20 and 21 moreover provide a large numberofuniquecombinationswhich prevents inadvertent erroneous incompatible shells.
Although the invention has been described more especially in relation to connectors with electrical conductors, the principles and features thereof may equally be applied to fibre optic connectors.

Claims (7)

1. A multi-core cable connector comprising a first connector shell carrying a first contact insert and a second connector shell carrying a second contact in sertsaidfirstshell being abutable(via agasketor other spacer if required, within the second shell to provide inter-engagement between individual con nector elements retained in thefirstand second inserts and first shell having a manually releasable locking lever at least partially incorporated within the combined profile ofthe two shells for retaining the firstshell in abutmentwith the second shell.
2. A multi-core connector as claimed in claim 1 said shells being of generally rectangular shape each providing two pairs of opposing sides said locking lever being one of a pair of such levers pivotally mounted on protruberance on one pair of sides of the first shell, said levers being provided with abutment surfaces engageable with complimentary abutment surfaces on the corresponding pair of side of the second shell.
3. A multi-core connector as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the or each said lever is provided with a hook shaped portion for engaging a recess of the second shell.
4. Amulti-corecableconnectorasclaimed in claim 1,2 or3 the or each said lever being pivotally mounted on a respective protruberanceofthefirst shell.
5. A multi-core cabie connector as claimed in claim 4 a said protruberance having means to one of a range of positions relative to complimentary means of the second shell for preventing mismatching of shells.
6. A multi-core cable connector as claimed in any preceding claim, the or each said locking lever having means acted upon by the second shell when the shells are brought together the action thereof being to urge the levertowards its locking position.
7. A multi-core cable connector substantially as described herein with reference to Figure 1 and Figure2 or Figure3 and Figure4 oftheaccompany- ing drawings.
GB08703146A 1986-06-10 1987-02-11 A multi-core flat electrical or optical fibre cable connector Withdrawn GB2191640A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87304981A EP0249406A1 (en) 1986-06-10 1987-06-05 Multi-core cable connectors

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB868614118A GB8614118D0 (en) 1986-06-10 1986-06-10 Rectangular connection

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8703146D0 GB8703146D0 (en) 1987-03-18
GB2191640A true GB2191640A (en) 1987-12-16

Family

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB868614118A Pending GB8614118D0 (en) 1986-06-10 1986-06-10 Rectangular connection
GB08703146A Withdrawn GB2191640A (en) 1986-06-10 1987-02-11 A multi-core flat electrical or optical fibre cable connector

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB868614118A Pending GB8614118D0 (en) 1986-06-10 1986-06-10 Rectangular connection

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (2) GB8614118D0 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5259050A (en) * 1991-09-04 1993-11-02 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Multicore optical connector with partitions to separate the optical fibers into groups

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1244418A (en) * 1968-12-26 1971-09-02 Amp Inc Improvements in and relating to electrical connector housings
GB2042827A (en) * 1979-02-23 1980-09-24 Trw Inc Connector hood constructions
EP0026703A1 (en) * 1979-09-27 1981-04-08 Socapex Coupling base for electrical circuits and circuit provided with such a base
GB2113482A (en) * 1982-01-11 1983-08-03 Bard Inc C R Electrical connectors
EP0115425A2 (en) * 1983-01-28 1984-08-08 AMP INCORPORATED (a New Jersey corporation) Connector assemble having improved internal latching system
EP0142000A2 (en) * 1983-10-07 1985-05-22 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Electrical connector assembly
EP0156608A2 (en) * 1984-03-19 1985-10-02 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Receptacle, plug and optical connector
US4579408A (en) * 1983-04-11 1986-04-01 Oki Densen Kabushiki Kaisha Electrical connector structure with release and locking mechanism

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1244418A (en) * 1968-12-26 1971-09-02 Amp Inc Improvements in and relating to electrical connector housings
GB2042827A (en) * 1979-02-23 1980-09-24 Trw Inc Connector hood constructions
EP0026703A1 (en) * 1979-09-27 1981-04-08 Socapex Coupling base for electrical circuits and circuit provided with such a base
GB2113482A (en) * 1982-01-11 1983-08-03 Bard Inc C R Electrical connectors
EP0115425A2 (en) * 1983-01-28 1984-08-08 AMP INCORPORATED (a New Jersey corporation) Connector assemble having improved internal latching system
US4579408A (en) * 1983-04-11 1986-04-01 Oki Densen Kabushiki Kaisha Electrical connector structure with release and locking mechanism
EP0142000A2 (en) * 1983-10-07 1985-05-22 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Electrical connector assembly
EP0156608A2 (en) * 1984-03-19 1985-10-02 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Receptacle, plug and optical connector

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5259050A (en) * 1991-09-04 1993-11-02 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Multicore optical connector with partitions to separate the optical fibers into groups

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8614118D0 (en) 1986-07-16
GB8703146D0 (en) 1987-03-18

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