GB2186205A - Filter and manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Filter and manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2186205A GB2186205A GB08701845A GB8701845A GB2186205A GB 2186205 A GB2186205 A GB 2186205A GB 08701845 A GB08701845 A GB 08701845A GB 8701845 A GB8701845 A GB 8701845A GB 2186205 A GB2186205 A GB 2186205A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- rod
- tubular element
- rod filter
- membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 18
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000237074 Centris Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/108—Inorganic support material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
- G01N33/49—Blood
- G01N33/491—Blood by separating the blood components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
- B01D71/10—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A filter comprises a tubular, porous support 15 made of sintered plastics and a permeable membrane 13 formed on the outside of the support. The filter is manufactured by coating a dope of raw membrane material on a continuous length of tubular support, which is then cut into sections and immersed successively in water, caustic soda, water and glycerol. In use a blood sample is forced through the filter in a centrifuge or using a syringe. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
A rod filter and process of manufacturing the same
The present invention generally relates to a rod filter which filtrates a liquid sample to produce an improved permeable efficiency by passing the sample there-through and to a process of manufacturing the same.
Heretofore, in case of analyzing a blood sample for obtaining test materials, said blood sample must firstly be separated into a blood clot, serum and others, then serum should be taken out of the test tube and protein is separated from the serum by using a reagent in order to obtain the test materials. It takes much time to finish the analysis of a blood sample. Therefore, in order to speed up the analyzing process, there has been used a liquid filtration apparatus in which a rod filter, made of a hollow fiber, is mounted in a hole formed at the base wall of the apparatus housing. A liquid sample is poured in the housing to flow through the filter for filtration.
Since the size of pores formed in the filter is extremely small, a centrifugal separator or a hypodermic syringe is used. The present inventor has proposed such a liquid filtration apparatus in the U.S. Patent Appln. S.N.
06/765,474 (Filing Date 08/14/85), and 06/765,475 (Filing Date 08/14/85), which are now under examination.
Figure 4 shows the above-mentioned apparatus shown in U.S. Patent Appln. S.N.
06/765,475. The apparatus has a housing 100 made of a transparent material such as a plastic material. The housing 100 is in a shape of a cylindrical tube having the wide portion and narrow portion. The wide portion has the upper wall and surrounding side wall, and the narrow portion has the surrounding side wall and sealing portions. The wide portion of the housing 100 is made hollow to receive a liquid sample "a" therein. There is a hole at the bottom of the narrow portion, and the rod filter 102 is inserted and fixed there by an adequate sealing member while its foremost end is sealed by an appropriate member 102b.
When a predetermined amount of pressure is introduced by the centrifugal separator to the liquid sample "a", the liquid sample is permeated into a hollow room 102a of the rod filter 102 and is finally extracted outside the housing 100 through the bottom portion 102c as indicated by arrow marks. However when the liquid sample is being extracted, the filter 102 was sometimes subject to break or bend by pressure of the liquid sample. Thus, the passageway for the liquid sample cannot be maintained completely. As a result, the operation efficiency is degraded.
The reason of this phenomenon is that it is generally said that such a rod filter made of anhydride cellulose, is excellent in permeable efficiency. On the contrary, as is well known in the art, the hollow fiber filter with the anhydride cellulose has a property of absorbing other medical components and the like. Accordingly, a chemical change to be transformed to the cellulose from the anhydride cellulose is required. The filter, thus transformed, however, have a disadvantage in that it becomes extremely flexible or weak. Consequently, it will be difficult to use the filter in the apparatus as shown in Figure 4.
The object of the present invention is to provide a rod filter which can eliminates the before-mentioned drawbacks in the prior art.
The rod filter according to the invention can demonstrate the good permeable efficiency, while even when the certain amount of pressure is introduced to the liquid sample, bending or breaking is no longer caused.
The another object of the present invention is to provide an efficient process for manufacturing the rod filter according to the invention.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rod filter comprising a tubular element having through holes and a permeable thin membrane formed on the peripheral wall of tubular element. According to the other aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process of manufacturing a rod filter, comprising the steps of making a tubular element by putting particle made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and the like together while applying a heat, then coating a dope of membrane raw material on the tubular element to make a filter element, then alkalizing the filter element by caustic soda, then washing the filter element by water, then coating glycerol on the filter element, and finally drying the filter element.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description and drawings in which;
Fig. 1 is a partially enlarged perspective and sectional partially schematic representation of the rod filter according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the rod filter shown in Fig. 1 applied in a filtration apparatus;
Fig. 3 is a drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the rod filter according to the invention; and
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional rod filter applied in the filtration apparatus.
The present invention will be described below now based on the embodiment shown in the attached drawings.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a rod filter according to the present invention. A rod filter 11 comprises a permeable thin membrane 13 on the peripheral wall of a tubular element 15 having innumerable through holes. The tubular element or core 15 is made of a, so-called, sintered filter consisting of a material which is free from alkali, such as a little hard polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and so forth. The holes of the tubular element 15 functions as a passageway for the liquid sample which also permeates through the thin membrane 13. The holes in the element 15 are considerably large sized when compared with that of the membrane 13, because the filtering function is mainly acted on by the membrane 13.
The thin membrane 13 can be obtained, as explained later, by coating a solution of ultrafiltration membrane on the tubular element 15.
The resulted membrane 13 has innumerable fine holes which can allow substances having molecular weight of 10,000-100,000 to transit therethrough.
Figure 2 shows a filtration apparatus in which the rod filter according to the present invention is mounted. In Fig. 2, the rod filter 11 is sealed at its upper end by a sealing member 17. The filter 11 is fixed, nearly at its lower end, by an adhesive 23 such as a resin at the bottom portion 21 of a housing 19.
The rod filter 11 is fixed exposing its almost entire length inside the housing 19. When a certain amount of the pressure is introduced to a liquid sample "a" in the housing 19 by using a centrifugal separator, a hypodermic syringe or the like (not shown), the liquid sample permeates through the fine holes of the thin membrane 13 as indicated by arrow marks and further permeates into holes of the tubular element 15. The liquid sample is then extracted outside the housing 19 as illustrated.
In this state, the rod filter 11 according to the present invention can keep its shape by existence of the tubular element 15, which prevents the filter 11 from breaking or bending when liquid pressure caused by the centri fugal force of the separator or the like is applied. So that even if the membrane 13 is made extremely thin, the permeable operation can be effectively finished. It should be noted that, although the tubular element illustrated is packed full, the element 15 may be a hollow tube so far as it can avoide breaking or bending.
The process of the rod filter 11 according to the present invention will be stated in due order referring to the drawing of Fig. 3.
Firstly, the tubular element or core 15 is prepared, for example, by putting particles consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride etc. into a mould and then by applying the heat outside from the mould. In this case, the inside diameter of the mould may be 2mm wide and Im long, which produces a sintered rod with diameter of 2mm.
The periphery of the particles is dissolved by the heat and are adhered together to form rod-like shape. Crevices are formed between particles, so that a sample liquid will permeate through the crevices, which are corresponding to "through holes" before-mentioned. The transformation of transmissivity of the sintered filter depends on the size of the particles.
a. Now, the sintered rods are linked together sequentially as a rope and the linked portions are thermally contracted by a heater (not shown). In this way, the sintered rod 33 are concatenated in series and is wound on a bobbin 34.
b. The bobbin 34 is then mounted on a shaft 31. Numeral 35 designates a flange of the shaft 31.
c. The sintered rod 33 pulled out from the bobbin 34 is conveyed to an applicator 37 through a roller. The velocity for pulling out the rod 33 is to be about 5 meters per one minute.
d. The applicator 37 consists of outer and inner containers 39, 41. The inner container 39 has a central hole 43 for passing the sintered rod 33 therethrough. When a dope 45 with a predetermined amount in a container 47 is furnished to a crevice 49 between the inner container 39 and the outer container 41 by a gear pump 51, the dope 45 is coated on the peripheral surface of the sintered rod 33 nearly at the outlet of the applicator 37. The dope 45 is made up of by mixed anhydride cellulose, acetone and formamide, which is coated on the sintered rod 33 as immediately mentioned. At first, anhydride cellulose is dissolved by acetone and then the membrane is formed by polymerizing the dissolved cellulose with formamide. Acetone contained in the membrane evaporates in the atmosphere and develops into fine holes. The rod filter 11 is thus obtained.The diameter of the holes depends on the temperature of the evaporation and the ratio of the acetone and the like contained. The dope-coated rod is guided into a water tank 53 for about ten minutes for subject to hardening. The thickness of the dope 45 is determined in accordance with coating of the dope concentration, extrusion velocity and the nozzle bore.
e. The rod is then cut at a predetermined length by a cutter 55 and stored in a tank 57 which is filled with water.
f . The stored rod is then put into a tank 59 for about thirty minutes. The tank 59 contains caustic soda liquid which is being circulated and the rod is hydrolyzed by this stage.
This process is carried out for alkalizing the rod, more specifically the dope on its surface.
g. The rod is then washed by water in a tank 61 for about thirty minutes.
h. Glycerol is coated on the peripheral wall of the rod in the tank 63 for about thirty minutes, for keeping moisture obtain in the tank 61 thereat. This treatment has a purpose of softening the substance.
i. The rod is finally dried spontaneously in due time. Needless to say, it is possible to make it dry by ventilating forcibly, however, the spontaneous drying is preferable because of the stability of the coated dope, which causes less deformation.
As described above, the rod filter according to the invention can keep its original shape by means of the stability of the tubular element when subject to the pressure during filtration action. So that, breaking or bending of the rod filter can no longer happen, and excellent permeable efficiency can also be attained effectively.
Claims (10)
1. A rod filter comprising a tubular element having holes therethrough and a permeable membrane formed on at least part of the peripheral wall of said tubular element.
2. A rod filter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tubular element is made of a sintered filter material which is free or substantially free from alkali.
3. A rod filter as claimed in claim 3, wherein said sintered filter material is polyethylene (e.g. little hard polyethylene), polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride.
4. A rod filter as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said membrane has been formed by coating an ultrafiltration membrane solution on the tubular wall.
5. A rod filter substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as shown in,
Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings.
6. A process of manufacturing a rod filter, comprising the steps of;
(a) making a tubular element or core by sintering particles of sinterable material;
(b) coating a dope of raw membrane material on the tubular element or core to make a filter element;
(c) alkalizing the filter element;
(d) washing the filter element;
(e) optionally, coating glycerol on the filter element; and
(f) drying the filter element.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein said sinterable material is polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride or the like.
8. A method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the filter element is alkalized with caustic soda.
9. A method according to claim 6, substan tialiy as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 3 of the drawings.
10. A rod filter manufactured by a process according to any of claims 6 to 9.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1986016082U JPS62130702U (en) | 1986-02-06 | 1986-02-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8701845D0 GB8701845D0 (en) | 1987-03-04 |
| GB2186205A true GB2186205A (en) | 1987-08-12 |
Family
ID=11906625
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08701845A Withdrawn GB2186205A (en) | 1986-02-06 | 1987-01-28 | Filter and manufacturing the same |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62130702U (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3703476A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2593720A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2186205A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2638377A1 (en) * | 1988-11-02 | 1990-05-04 | Lyonnaise Eaux | Hollow filter fibres with an internal porous medium and their preparation |
| US4933092A (en) * | 1989-04-07 | 1990-06-12 | Abbott Laboratories | Methods and devices for the separation of plasma or serum from whole blood |
| GB2285591A (en) * | 1994-01-11 | 1995-07-19 | Robert George Firth | Filtration device for pipe outlet |
| US7625762B1 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2009-12-01 | Global Fia, Inc. | Coaxial tubular sequestering device for micro spheres and cells |
| EP4032603A1 (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2022-07-27 | Paul Charles Reardon | Filter |
| WO2022157366A1 (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2022-07-28 | Paul Charles Reardon | Filter |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4756932A (en) * | 1987-06-11 | 1988-07-12 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Process for making highly permeable coated composite hollow fiber membranes |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1069231A (en) * | 1966-02-21 | 1967-05-17 | Du Pont | Separation of fluid mixtures |
| US3608730A (en) * | 1969-10-02 | 1971-09-28 | Selas Corp Of America | Desalination apparatus |
| US4184963A (en) * | 1977-10-28 | 1980-01-22 | Millipore Corporation | Immersible molecular filter unit and process of making it |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3488768A (en) * | 1968-02-08 | 1970-01-06 | Amicon Corp | Self-cleaning ultrafilter |
| US3715036A (en) * | 1971-07-15 | 1973-02-06 | E Hamer | Tubular osmotic membrane |
| IL43281A (en) * | 1973-08-20 | 1976-09-30 | Comision Para El Aprovechamien | Porous earthenware supporting members for reverse osmosis membranes,process of manufacture and apparatus using same |
| JPS5163378A (en) * | 1974-11-30 | 1976-06-01 | Gunze Kk | GYAKUSHINTOSOCHI |
| US4076626A (en) * | 1976-01-19 | 1978-02-28 | Union Carbide Corporation | High strength cast modules for supporting reverse osmosis membranes |
-
1986
- 1986-02-06 JP JP1986016082U patent/JPS62130702U/ja active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-01-28 GB GB08701845A patent/GB2186205A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-02-03 FR FR8701268A patent/FR2593720A1/en active Pending
- 1987-02-05 DE DE3703476A patent/DE3703476A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1069231A (en) * | 1966-02-21 | 1967-05-17 | Du Pont | Separation of fluid mixtures |
| US3608730A (en) * | 1969-10-02 | 1971-09-28 | Selas Corp Of America | Desalination apparatus |
| US4184963A (en) * | 1977-10-28 | 1980-01-22 | Millipore Corporation | Immersible molecular filter unit and process of making it |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2638377A1 (en) * | 1988-11-02 | 1990-05-04 | Lyonnaise Eaux | Hollow filter fibres with an internal porous medium and their preparation |
| US4933092A (en) * | 1989-04-07 | 1990-06-12 | Abbott Laboratories | Methods and devices for the separation of plasma or serum from whole blood |
| GB2285591A (en) * | 1994-01-11 | 1995-07-19 | Robert George Firth | Filtration device for pipe outlet |
| US7625762B1 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2009-12-01 | Global Fia, Inc. | Coaxial tubular sequestering device for micro spheres and cells |
| EP4032603A1 (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2022-07-27 | Paul Charles Reardon | Filter |
| EP4032604A1 (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2022-07-27 | Paul Charles Reardon | Filter |
| WO2022157366A1 (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2022-07-28 | Paul Charles Reardon | Filter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3703476A1 (en) | 1987-08-27 |
| JPS62130702U (en) | 1987-08-18 |
| GB8701845D0 (en) | 1987-03-04 |
| FR2593720A1 (en) | 1987-08-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |