GB2176688A - Heat treatment of slurries - Google Patents

Heat treatment of slurries Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2176688A
GB2176688A GB08516334A GB8516334A GB2176688A GB 2176688 A GB2176688 A GB 2176688A GB 08516334 A GB08516334 A GB 08516334A GB 8516334 A GB8516334 A GB 8516334A GB 2176688 A GB2176688 A GB 2176688A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
slurry
heat exchanger
radiation field
line
scraped surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08516334A
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GB8516334D0 (en
GB2176688B (en
Inventor
David Teignmouth Shore
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APV International Ltd
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APV International Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to GB8516334A priority Critical patent/GB2176688B/en
Publication of GB8516334D0 publication Critical patent/GB8516334D0/en
Publication of GB2176688A publication Critical patent/GB2176688A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2176688B publication Critical patent/GB2176688B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/005—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating using irradiation or electric treatment
    • A23L3/01—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating using irradiation or electric treatment using microwaves or dielectric heating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/02—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating materials in packages which are progressively transported, continuously or stepwise, through the apparatus
    • A23L3/04—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating materials in packages which are progressively transported, continuously or stepwise, through the apparatus with packages on endless chain or band conveyors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
    • A23L3/18—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/26—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by irradiation without heating
    • A23L3/263—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by irradiation without heating with corpuscular or ionising radiation, i.e. X, alpha, beta or omega radiation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

Abstract

A method and apparatus in which sterilization or other heat treatment of particulate slurries with a holding time at high temperature of the order of a few seconds, involves feeding the slurry continuously through a pre-heating heat exchanger 2 to transfer a substantial proportion of the required sensible heat into the slurry, and subsequently feeding it continuously through a radiation field 4 of micro-waves, whereby the particles are subject to heating from the interior. Alternatively, use may be made of an electron beam, or X-rays or gamma rays, particularly for sterilizing cooled and possibly packaged slurry. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Heat treatment of slurries This invention relates to the heat treatment, such as sterilization, of slurries, and in particulartothe continuous treatment ofslurries having solids contents ofsubstantial particlesize.
The invention is of particular application in the food industryforthe cooking and sterilization ofslurries, such as meat products in sauces. In such slurries, the particlessof meat or other solid product may well have a thickness dimension of up to 3/4 inch (say 2 cm), and, in particular, the product may bein generally cubic form. Even with cubes of 1/4 inch (say 0.6cm) side, thereisawell-known problem of obtaining adequate thermal treatment at the centre ofthe particles, and ensuringquasi-homogeneity ofthe slurry during treatment.
The continuous heat treatment of such particulate slurries is normally carried out in scraped surfaceheat exchangers. In order to achieve an adequate time at the high temperature to ensure thoroughtreatment, resort is normally had to holding the slurry at an elevated temperature orto recycling or multiple passagethroughtheheatexchanger.
It iswell known thatthe holding of a slurry at high temperature or recycling it th rough a scraped surface or other heat exchanger will result in product deterioration, both in taste and appearance. If the required holding period is of the order of a few seconds only, then it can be achieved without undue product deterioration. Such short holding times are only applicable where the particle size ofthe solids content is very small.
When meat cubes of 1/4 inch (0.6 cm) side are involved, the holding time at sterilizing temperature needs to be in the region of one to two minutesfor adequate treatment at the centres ofthe cubes. With largercubes,e.g.ǐnch 3/4 inch (2 cm) side, the holding time required is normally between 21/2 and 6 minutes. Such long periods at the temperature range of 1 00-1 50"C cannot be accommodated without product damage. It is an object of the invention to provide a method in which sterilization orotheradequate heat treatment may be achieved with a holding time at high temperature ofthe order of a few seconds.
If treatment is carried out in batches, then the product has to be held stationary, and the solid content may settle, thus destroying the quasihomogeneity which is important in maintaining propercontrol ofthe process.
Afull thermal treatment in a micro-wave field necessitates expensive equipment, and normally a static batch.approach late slurry, in which the slurry is fed continuously through a pre-heating heat exchangerto transfera substantial proportion ofthe required sensible heat into the slurry, and is subsequently fed continuously through a radiation field.
In accordance with a second aspect ofthe inventior there is provided apparatus forthe continuous heat treatment, especially sterilization, of a particulate slurry, comprising a pre-heating heat exchanger to transfer substantial proportion ofthe required sensible heat intothe slurryfed continuouslythere through, and meansforgeneratinga radiation field and forfeeding the slurry continuouslythrough the radiation field.
The radiation field may be of micro-waves for in-lin sterilizing, whereby the particles are subject to heatin from the interior. As an example, some two thirds of the required heat could be transferred intothe slurry by a scraped surface heat exchanger, and the remain der applied in the micro-wave treatment. After the micro-wave treatment, the slurry is normally cooled a normal manner, preferably in a further scraped surface heat exchanger.
In view of the internal heating arising from the micro-wave treatment, a full heat treatment to sterilization is possible with only a short residence time al high temperture, and thus without detriment to the appearance or flavour ofthe product. A holding period in the region of 2 to 10secondsisappropriateforthe sort ofslurries concerned to obtain thorough stenliza tion, and this short holding period limits the damage to the product.
This combination of pre-heating by scraped surface heat exchanger and final heating by micro-wave radiation limits the size and cost ofthe equipment for the radiation field, and thereby solves the problem of heating and holding a particulate slurry in an econo micalmanner. The cooling is by conventional equipment.
The invention is also applicable in connection with the preparation and packaging of partially cooked or thermally sensitive products. The partial cooking or pre-heating takes place in a scraped surface or other conventional heat exchanger, but instead of microwaves, it is preferred to use an electron beam, or X-rays or gamma rays, for the sterilization immediate ly priorto orafterasepticpackaging.
In the case of cooked products, this achieves cooking without adverse organoleptic effects and renders the product sterile. The invention also includes the concept of irradiation after packaging, which overcomes the known risk of re-infection at the packaging stage.
The slurry, if unpackaged, may be passed over stati mixing devices in its passage through the radiation which: Figure lisa flow diagram showing one form of apparatus in accordance with the invention for carrying out the process ofthe invention; and Figure 2 shows an alternative form ofthe invention.
Turning first to Figure 1, a prepared slurry enters by a line 1 into a scraped surface heat exchanger 2 for preheating bythe addition of some two thirds ofthe total sensible heat required. From the heat exchanger 2,the preheated slurryflows via a line 3 into and through an irradiation chamber4wherein it is subjected to intensive heating by micro-wave energy fed in along a wave guide 5.
In orderto prevent leakage of micro-wave energy fromtheenclosure4,theline3 maybeweldedtothe casing thereof at both the entrance and the exit. The continuation ofthe line 3 is indicated at 3a and the now sterilizedslurrypassesalongthislineand into a second, cooling scraped surface heat exchanger 6, and from thence it passes via a line 7 an aseptic packaging plant.
The preheating scraped surface heat exchanger2 is shown as being regenerative in form, in that a cooling medium forthe heat exchanger6 is fed in along a line8 and the heated medium out along a line 9 which also serves as an inlet line to a pump 10 supplying the heated liquid along an inlet lineforthe heating medium to the scraped surface heat exchanger 2. The cooled medium is then discharged via a line 12.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 2, the incoming slurry is fed via a line 21 to a scraped surface heat exchanger 22 for heating by means of a medium of which theinletand outlet lines are shown at23 and 24 respectively.
The partially cooked product is then passed via a line 24to a second, cooling scraped surface heat exchanger 25 ofwhich the inlet and outlet lines forthe cooling medium are shown at 26 and 27 respectively.
From the cooling exchanger 25, the slurry is fed to a packaging stage 28, and it will be seen thatthe slurry emerges from this packaging stage along a conveyor 29 in discrete packages indicated at31. These discrete packages are conveyed into an irradiation enclosure 32 where they are irradiated for sterilizing the product by means of an electron beam, X-rays or gamma rays.
The irradiated packages 31 a are shown as emerging on an extension 29a ofthe conveyor. An energy sourceforthe enclosure 32 is indicated by the reference numeral 33.
In a further alternative arrangement, the positions of the packaging plant 28 and the irradiation enclosure 32 may be reversed so asto effect the irradiation prior to packaging, butthis does lead to the risk of re-infection during packaging.
cles are subjectto heating from the interior.
3. A method asclaimed in claim 1, in which the radiation field uses an electron beam, orX-rays or gamma rays.
4. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, in which the slurry is passed over static mixing devices in its passage through the radiation field.
5. A method as claimed in any ofthe preceding claims, in which the slurry is sterilized in its passage through the radiation field.
6. A method as claimed in claim 3, in which the slurry is cooled and packaged priorto irradiation.
7. A method forthe continuous heat treatment of a particulate slurry substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
8. Apparatusforthe continuous heat treatment of a particulate slurry, comprising a pre-heating heat exchangertotransfer a substantial proportion of the required-sensible heat intothe scurry fed continuously thereth rough, and meansfor genernting a radiation field and meansforfeeding the slurry continuously through the radiation field.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, in which the radiationfield is of micro-waves.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, in which the radiation field uses an electron beam, orX-rays or gamma rays.
11. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 8 to 10, comprising static mixing devices over which the slurry is passed in its passage through the radiation field.
12. Apparatusasclaimed in claim 10, in which cooling means and packaging means are interposed between the heat exchanger and the feeding means, wherebythe slurry isfed through the radiation field in packaged form.
13. Apparatus as claimed in anyofclaims8to 12, in which the heat exchanger is a scraped surface heat exchanger.
14. Apparatus as claimed in anyofclaims8to 13, comprising cooling means in the form of a scraped surface heat exchanger.
15. Apparatus for the continuous heat treatment of a particulate slurry substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
16. Aslurrywhen heattreated bya method as claimed in any of claims 1 to7 orin an apparatus as claimed in any of claims 8 to 15.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (16)

  1. **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.
    which: Figure lisa flow diagram showing one form of apparatus in accordance with the invention for carrying out the process ofthe invention; and Figure
  2. 2 shows an alternative form ofthe invention.
    Turning first to Figure 1, a prepared slurry enters by a line 1 into a scraped surface heat exchanger 2 for preheating bythe addition of some two thirds ofthe total sensible heat required. From the heat exchanger 2,the preheated slurryflows via a line 3 into and through an irradiation chamber4wherein it is subjected to intensive heating by micro-wave energy fed in along a wave guide 5.
    In orderto prevent leakage of micro-wave energy fromtheenclosure4,theline3 maybeweldedtothe casing thereof at both the entrance and the exit. The continuation ofthe line 3 is indicated at 3a and the now sterilizedslurrypassesalongthislineand into a second, cooling scraped surface heat exchanger 6, and from thence it passes via a line 7 an aseptic packaging plant.
    The preheating scraped surface heat exchanger2 is shown as being regenerative in form, in that a cooling medium forthe heat exchanger6 is fed in along a line8 and the heated medium out along a line 9 which also serves as an inlet line to a pump 10 supplying the heated liquid along an inlet lineforthe heating medium to the scraped surface heat exchanger 2. The cooled medium is then discharged via a line 12.
    In the arrangement shown in Figure 2, the incoming slurry is fed via a line 21 to a scraped surface heat exchanger 22 for heating by means of a medium of which theinletand outlet lines are shown at23 and 24 respectively.
    The partially cooked product is then passed via a line 24to a second, cooling scraped surface heat exchanger 25 ofwhich the inlet and outlet lines forthe cooling medium are shown at 26 and 27 respectively.
    From the cooling exchanger 25, the slurry is fed to a packaging stage 28, and it will be seen thatthe slurry emerges from this packaging stage along a conveyor 29 in discrete packages indicated at31. These discrete packages are conveyed into an irradiation enclosure 32 where they are irradiated for sterilizing the product by means of an electron beam, X-rays or gamma rays.
    The irradiated packages 31 a are shown as emerging on an extension 29a ofthe conveyor. An energy sourceforthe enclosure 32 is indicated by the reference numeral 33.
    In a further alternative arrangement, the positions of the packaging plant 28 and the irradiation enclosure 32 may be reversed so asto effect the irradiation prior to packaging, butthis does lead to the risk of re-infection during packaging.
    cles are subjectto heating from the interior.
  3. 3. A method asclaimed in claim 1, in which the radiation field uses an electron beam, orX-rays or gamma rays.
  4. 4. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, in which the slurry is passed over static mixing devices in its passage through the radiation field.
  5. 5. A method as claimed in any ofthe preceding claims, in which the slurry is sterilized in its passage through the radiation field.
  6. 6. A method as claimed in claim 3, in which the slurry is cooled and packaged priorto irradiation.
  7. 7. A method forthe continuous heat treatment of a particulate slurry substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  8. 8. Apparatusforthe continuous heat treatment of a particulate slurry, comprising a pre-heating heat exchangertotransfer a substantial proportion of the required-sensible heat intothe scurry fed continuously thereth rough, and meansfor genernting a radiation field and meansforfeeding the slurry continuously through the radiation field.
  9. 9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, in which the radiationfield is of micro-waves.
  10. 10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, in which the radiation field uses an electron beam, orX-rays or gamma rays.
  11. 11. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 8 to 10, comprising static mixing devices over which the slurry is passed in its passage through the radiation field.
  12. 12. Apparatusasclaimed in claim 10, in which cooling means and packaging means are interposed between the heat exchanger and the feeding means, wherebythe slurry isfed through the radiation field in packaged form.
  13. 13. Apparatus as claimed in anyofclaims8to 12, in which the heat exchanger is a scraped surface heat exchanger.
  14. 14. Apparatus as claimed in anyofclaims8to 13, comprising cooling means in the form of a scraped surface heat exchanger.
  15. 15. Apparatus for the continuous heat treatment of a particulate slurry substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  16. 16. Aslurrywhen heattreated bya method as claimed in any of claims 1 to7 orin an apparatus as claimed in any of claims 8 to 15.
GB8516334A 1985-06-28 1985-06-28 Heat treatment of slurries Expired GB2176688B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8516334A GB2176688B (en) 1985-06-28 1985-06-28 Heat treatment of slurries

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8516334A GB2176688B (en) 1985-06-28 1985-06-28 Heat treatment of slurries

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GB2176688A true GB2176688A (en) 1987-01-07
GB2176688B GB2176688B (en) 1989-08-23

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2193624A (en) * 1986-08-13 1988-02-17 Apv Int Ltd Heat treatment of slurries
FR2607674A1 (en) * 1986-12-05 1988-06-10 Ladner Gerard Method for long-term preservation of foods in the form of cooked dishes
GB2237722A (en) * 1989-11-10 1991-05-15 Tetra Pak Holdings & Finance A method for the cooling of a heat-sterilised food containing solid and/or semi-solid particles
WO1996002146A1 (en) * 1994-07-19 1996-02-01 Unilever Plc Method of heat processing of solid food
EP0954987A2 (en) * 1998-05-02 1999-11-10 Bass Public Limited Company Heat-treatment of potable liquids
EP1004522A2 (en) * 1998-11-24 2000-05-31 Daiki Foods Yugen Kaisha Pouch for containing retort food

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3934042A (en) * 1973-07-13 1976-01-20 William Patrick De Stoutz Method and apparatus for the irradiative treatment of beverages

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3934042A (en) * 1973-07-13 1976-01-20 William Patrick De Stoutz Method and apparatus for the irradiative treatment of beverages

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2193624A (en) * 1986-08-13 1988-02-17 Apv Int Ltd Heat treatment of slurries
FR2607674A1 (en) * 1986-12-05 1988-06-10 Ladner Gerard Method for long-term preservation of foods in the form of cooked dishes
GB2237722A (en) * 1989-11-10 1991-05-15 Tetra Pak Holdings & Finance A method for the cooling of a heat-sterilised food containing solid and/or semi-solid particles
US5085882A (en) * 1989-11-10 1992-02-04 Tetra Pak Holdings S.A. Method for the cooling of a product flow containing solid and/or semisolid foodstuff particles
GB2237722B (en) * 1989-11-10 1993-07-21 Tetra Pak Holdings & Finance A method for the cooling of a product flow containing solid and/or semi-solid particles
WO1996002146A1 (en) * 1994-07-19 1996-02-01 Unilever Plc Method of heat processing of solid food
EP0954987A2 (en) * 1998-05-02 1999-11-10 Bass Public Limited Company Heat-treatment of potable liquids
EP0954987A3 (en) * 1998-05-02 2000-05-03 Bass Public Limited Company Heat-treatment of potable liquids
EP1004522A2 (en) * 1998-11-24 2000-05-31 Daiki Foods Yugen Kaisha Pouch for containing retort food
EP1004522A3 (en) * 1998-11-24 2001-05-02 Daiki Foods Yugen Kaisha Pouch for containing retort food

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8516334D0 (en) 1985-07-31
GB2176688B (en) 1989-08-23

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Effective date: 19990628