GB2174335A - Firewall - Google Patents
Firewall Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2174335A GB2174335A GB08511093A GB8511093A GB2174335A GB 2174335 A GB2174335 A GB 2174335A GB 08511093 A GB08511093 A GB 08511093A GB 8511093 A GB8511093 A GB 8511093A GB 2174335 A GB2174335 A GB 2174335A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cells
- layer
- firewall
- open
- foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- DBGIVFWFUFKIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Fenfluramine Chemical compound CCNC(C)CC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 DBGIVFWFUFKIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B29D99/001—Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings
- B29D99/0021—Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings provided with plain or filled structures, e.g. cores, placed between two or more plates or sheets, e.g. in a matrix
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
- E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
- E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
- E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
- E04C2/365—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels by honeycomb structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/20—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 for porous or cellular articles, e.g. of foam plastics, coarse-pored
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2705/02—Aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
- B32B2305/024—Honeycomb
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
A laminated firewall which resists a temperature of 1100 DEG C for at least 15 minutes consists of a honeycomb core (1) of open-ended hexagonal cells of e.g. aluminium, filled with foam. To the first open ends of the cells is bonded with adhesive (3) a carbon fibre/epoxy resin facing sheet (2) which is to face the fire in use, and to the opposite open end of the cells is bonded a second facing sheet (2). The foam can be phenolic foam. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Firewall
This invention relates to a firewall and, more particularly but not exclusively, to a light weight structural panel for use as a firewall in aircraft, in an environment where the firewall is required to resist a gas pressure differential across it.
It has previously been proposed for these firewall applications to employ bulkheads made of titanium sheet but it is a disadvantage of such sheets that they are relatively heavy. In another prior proposal, bulkheads of relatively light weight are given sufficient heat resistance by lagging them with a fire-resistant blanket. It is a disadvantage of this proposal that the blanket is vulnerable to physical damage, for example, by hand tools during maintenance of an aircraft engine adjacent the firewall, which damage can adversely affect fire resistance.
It is one object of the present invention to avoid or at least ameliorate the aforementioned disadvantages.
According to the present invention there is provided a laminated firewall which resists for at least fifteen minutes exposure to a temperature of 1 1000C comprising: a honeycomb core layer having opposed first and second faces, the first of which is to face the fire in use, the layer being made up of open-ended foam-filled hexagonal cells; a first facing layer on the first side of the core layer and covering the open ends of the cells at said first side, the facing layer being of a carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) material; and a second facing layer on the second side of the core layer and covering the open ends of the cells at said open side.
In one embodiment, the honeycomb core is of aluminium, the foam is a low-density phenolic foam provided as a sheet which is pressed into the cells from one open end thereof, both of the facing layers are of CFRP in which the matrix is epoxy resin, and further epoxy resin is used to adhere the facing layers to the honeycomb core.
The accompanying drawing shows in transverse section a firewall construction in accordance with the present invention, comprising an aluminium honeycomb core layer 1 with cells 13 mm long and 5 mm wide. The cells are filled with phenolic foam (CIBA AEROFEN XDF 768-4066) which is introduced into the cells by laying a sheet of the foam over the open ends on one face of the core layer and then pressing the foam and the cells together, so that the walls of the cells cut through the layer of foam, and the foam fills the cells.
Layers of epoxy adhesive (CIBA REDUX 308 or 319, or Cyanamid FM 300) is used to bond to the honeycomb core facing layers 2 of CFRP material. Each facing layer consists of two layers of woven fabric, with each layer laid at an angle of 45" to the other of each facing layer.
Not shown in the drawing is any instance of the use of a potting compound to surround devices which penetrate through the firewall for the purposes of attachment of the firewall to surrounding structure. A suitable compound is available from the 3M Corporation. Fibreglass can be used as an isolation layer for interposition between the CFRP facing layers and surrounding structure, in order to inhibit or prevent galvanic corrosion therebetween.
The firewall described above was subjected to a fire test in which a gas burner delivers its output of 19,050 W to a circular area of the panel with a diameter of 18 cm.
The table below gives information about the behaviour of the firewall, by listing events which took place during the course of the test, and the time at which they occurred.
Time from start Event of fire test 12 sec. Resin vapour burn off on fire
face.
40 sec. All resin on fire face burnt,
carbon fibres totally denuded and
flame almost stopped.
1 min. Some smoke but no flames.
2 min. 20 sec. Form of the honeycomb can be seen
through fire face where aluminium
honeycomb has partially melted.
Fire face red hot but no smoke,
area of red spot 5 cm dia.
3 min. No change.
12 min. Red area has increased to 13 cm
dia. but no pressure loss.
13 min. Honeycomb becomes exposed as the
carbon fibres disintegrate but
the honeycomb and foam are
remaining intact.
15 min. No change. Test ended.
The firewall was examined visually after completion of the fire test. It was found that the area of diameter 18 cm of the fire face on which the flame was incident was completely denuded of resin, and the CFRP facing layer completely debonded from the underlying honeycomb core.
Concentric with this area, there was a circular area of diameter 8 cm where the outer of the two woven plies of the facing layer was destroyed and, within this area, a smaller area of 5 cm diameter where both of the two plies of the layer were destroyed. Within this central 5 cm diameter area the aluminium honeycomb and phenolic foam was partially burnt.
On the opposite face of the firewall, at the other end of the honeycomb cells, the 18 cm circular area of the facing layer opposite the incident flame was damaged to the extent that it had become debonded from the honeycomb core, but the matrix resin within this circular area was still intact.
Claims (1)
1. A laminated firewall which resists for at least fifteen minutes exposure to a temperature of 1 1000C comprising: a honeycomb core layer having opposed first and second faces, the first of which is to face the fire in use, the layer being made up of open-ended foam-filled hexagonal cells; a first facing layer on the first side of the core layer and covering the open ends of the cells at said first side, the facing layer being of a carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) material; and a second facing layer on the second side of the core layer and covering the open ends of the cells at said open side.
2. A laminated firewall substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
CLAIMS
Amendments to the claims have been filed, and have the following effect: Claim 1 above has been deleted or textually amended.
New or textually amended claims have been filed as follows:-
1. A laminated firewall which resists for at least fifteen minutes exposure to a temperature of 11 000C and which consists of: a honeycomb core layer having opposed first and second faces, the first of which is to face the fire in use, the layer being made up of open-ended foam-filled hexagonal cells; a first facing layer on the first side of the core layer and covering the open ends of the cells at said first side, the facing layer being of an expoxy resin/carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) material; and a second facing layer on the second side of the core layer and covering the open ends of the cells at said open side.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8511093A GB2174335B (en) | 1985-05-01 | 1985-05-01 | Firewall |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8511093A GB2174335B (en) | 1985-05-01 | 1985-05-01 | Firewall |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8511093D0 GB8511093D0 (en) | 1985-06-12 |
| GB2174335A true GB2174335A (en) | 1986-11-05 |
| GB2174335B GB2174335B (en) | 1989-06-28 |
Family
ID=10578515
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8511093A Expired GB2174335B (en) | 1985-05-01 | 1985-05-01 | Firewall |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2174335B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4964936A (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1990-10-23 | Imi-Tech Corporation | Method of making foam-filled cellular structures |
| WO1999063170A2 (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 1999-12-09 | Tae Bong Kim | Soundproof aluminum honeycomb-foam panel |
| WO2006048318A1 (en) * | 2004-11-07 | 2006-05-11 | Cohopa Gmbh | Sandwich material, method for the production thereof, the use thereof and a container made of said sandwich material |
| EP2345535A1 (en) | 2010-01-18 | 2011-07-20 | Armacell Enterprise GmbH | Fire protection system for expanded polymers |
| US12071858B2 (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2024-08-27 | General Electric Company | Fire retardant engine casing apparatus |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1984004727A1 (en) * | 1983-05-27 | 1984-12-06 | Boeing Co | Lightweight, fire-retardant structural panel |
-
1985
- 1985-05-01 GB GB8511093A patent/GB2174335B/en not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| WO 84/04727 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4964936A (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1990-10-23 | Imi-Tech Corporation | Method of making foam-filled cellular structures |
| WO1999063170A2 (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 1999-12-09 | Tae Bong Kim | Soundproof aluminum honeycomb-foam panel |
| WO1999063170A3 (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 2000-04-13 | Tae Bong Kim | Soundproof aluminum honeycomb-foam panel |
| WO2006048318A1 (en) * | 2004-11-07 | 2006-05-11 | Cohopa Gmbh | Sandwich material, method for the production thereof, the use thereof and a container made of said sandwich material |
| EP2345535A1 (en) | 2010-01-18 | 2011-07-20 | Armacell Enterprise GmbH | Fire protection system for expanded polymers |
| US12071858B2 (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2024-08-27 | General Electric Company | Fire retardant engine casing apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8511093D0 (en) | 1985-06-12 |
| GB2174335B (en) | 1989-06-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19940501 |