GB2166130A - Monolithic refractory mix - Google Patents

Monolithic refractory mix Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2166130A
GB2166130A GB08503031A GB8503031A GB2166130A GB 2166130 A GB2166130 A GB 2166130A GB 08503031 A GB08503031 A GB 08503031A GB 8503031 A GB8503031 A GB 8503031A GB 2166130 A GB2166130 A GB 2166130A
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weight
refractory
finely divided
calcium aluminate
monolithic refractory
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GB8503031D0 (en
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Lynn Ann Gladfelder
John Alex Kaniuk
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Allied Corp
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Allied Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0087—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for metallurgical applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C04B2235/9669—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts
    • C04B2235/9676—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts against molten metals such as steel or aluminium

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

Monolithic refractory mixes useful in forming linings for receptacles and related components used to handle or treat molten metal, such as ladles, tundishes, troughs and runners, comprise refractory aggregate, calcium aluminate cement (1-4 wt%) and finely divided silica (0.5-20 wt%) having a surface area between 0.1-100 square meters/gram, a particle size range between 0.1-1 micron and a mean particle size between 0.2-0.8 micron.

Description

SPECIFICATION Novel monolithic refractory mix This invention relates to a novel monolithic refractory mix which is particularly useful as a ramming, castable or gunnite mix to form linings for receptacles and related apparatus components used to handle or treat molten metal such as ladles, tundishes, troughs and runners.
Conventional refractory castables and gunnite mixes contain between 10 and 30 percent calcium aluminate cement. Upon heating, the CaO from the cement forms a liquid phase which greatly reduces the refractoriness. Lowering the cement content increases the refractoriness, but also decreases the low temperature strength. This makes it difficult, if not impossible, to handle the cast pieces.
Much work has been performed on lowering the cement content of castables as evidenced by U.S. Patent 3,802,894, U.S. Patent 4,102,695, U.S. Patent 4,120,734 and U.S. Patent 4,244,745. The first three patents all use relatively low cement levels, but all require a deflocculant. The disadvantages of using a deflocculant are the difficulty of getting the small amount of deflocculant required dispersed evenly into the mix and aging problems. In U.S. Patent 4,244,745 no deflocculants are used, but the liquid added is a silica sol instead of water as is conventional. Use of silica sol for the liquid, however, requires shipping a two component mix which is inconvenient to use.
It is accordingly an object of this invention to provide a novel monolithic refractory mix which is particularly useful for ramming, casting or gunniting applications which possesses a high refractoriness combined with a high low temperature strength.
It is a specific object of the invention to provide such a novel monolithic refractory mix which contains a relatively low amount of calcium aluminate cement.
It is another object of the invention to provide such a novel monolithic refractory mix which does not require incorporation of a deflocculant.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It has been discovered that the objects of the invention are achieved with monolithic refractory mix compositons comprising about 1 to about 4 weight % of calcium aluminate cement, about 0.5 to about 20 weight % of finely divided silica having a surface area between about 0.1 to about 100 square meters/gram, a particle size ranging between about 0.1 to about 1 micron and a mean particle size between about 0.2 to about 0.8 micron, and about 98.5 to about 76 weight % of a particulate refractory material. The essence of the invention is the discovery that when the critically defined range of finely divided silica materials is employed, satisfactory monolithic refractory mixes may be prepared with low calcium aluminate cement levels without requiring the presence of any deflocculants.
The calcium aluminate cement and finely divided silica components make up the binder for the particulate refractory material.
The binders comprise a blend of about 5 to about 89 weight % of the calcium aluminate cement component and about 95 to about 11 weight % of the finely divided silica component.
The novel monolithic refractory mixes of the invention comprise from about 1.5 to about 24 weight % of the binder in accordance with the invention and about 98.5 to about 76 weight % of the particulate refractory material.
The novel monolithic refractory mixes have applications other than for monolithic applications.
In addition to being able to be used as ramming, casting and gunniting mixes, they may be used to manufacture preformed refractory shapes.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Calcium aluminate cement is a common binder for refractory materials, particularly for monolithic refractory mixes. Calcium aluminate cement is available commercially from a number of sources and is commercially available as: Alcoa's CA-25, Lone Star La Farge's Secar 80 and Secar 60 and Atlas' Refco and Lumnite.
In accordance with the invention, a relatively low amount of calcium aluminate cement is provided so as not to unduly reduce the refractoriness of the final refractory product. Generally, useful binder mixes in accordance with the invention can be prepared with from about 5 to about 89 weight % of the calcium aluminate cement component based on the total weight of the biner mix, although in particular systems, amounts below and above this range may be able to be used with satisfactory results. As indicated, it is preferred to minimize the calcium aluminate component and accordingly a preferred upper limit for this component is 86 and, still preferably, 67 weight % based on the total weight of the binder mix. A preferred range is from about 18 to about 67 weight % of the calcium aluminate cement based on the total weight of the binder mix.The most preferred range is from about 18 to about 33 weight % of the calcium aluminate cement.
The function of the finely divided silica component of the binder mix is to act as a dispersant or extender for the calcium aluminate cement fraction and also to improve the low and high temperature strength of the refractory product. At high temperatures, the finely divided silica will react with alumina, for example, to form a mullite bond. A mullite bond is more resistant to thermal shock than a calcium aluminate bond.
As mentioned previously, the form of finely divided silica (SiO2) is critical to achieve the objects of this invention. The finely divided silica employed must have a surface area between about .1-100 square meters/gram (by the BET method), a particle size ranging between about 0.1-to about 1 micron or preferably < 1 and a mean particle size between about 0.2 to about 0.8 micron. An illustrative such form is produced as a by-product of silicon and ferrosilicon alloy manufacture. In the reduction of quartz, for example, SiO is produced in a hot state (400-8000C) and is oxidized and condensed when removed from the process to produce ultrafine vitreous spherical particles of SiO2 within the indicated ranges of surface area and particle size. This product is sometimes referred to as condensed silica fume.Commercial examples of suitable forms of finely divided silica produced by this method is Union Carbide's UCARB Submicron Silica which has a (typical) surface area of 25 square meters/gram and an average particle size of 0.12 micron and Globe's Fumed Silica which has a mean particle size between about 0.2 to about 0.8 micron and a particle size ranging between about 0.1 and about 1 micron.
Other forms of finely divided silica meeting the above stated surface area and particle size requirements may also be employed. Such other forms could, for example, be prepared by the spray drying of silica or the agglomeration of fumed silica which is a form of SiO2 produced by the flamed hydrolysis of SiCI4.
The preferred surface area for the finely divided silica to be used in accordance with the invention is between about 10-50 square meters/grams and, still preferably, between about 15-30 square meters/grams.
A preferred particle size range for the finely divided silica to be used in accordance with the invention is between about > .1-1 micron and still preferably between about .2 to about 1 micron.
Generally, useful binder mixes in accordance with the invention can be prepared with from about 95 to about 11 weight % of the finely divided silica component based on the total weight of the biner mix, although in particular systems, amounts below and above this range may be able to be used with satisfactory results. A preferred range is from about 95 to about 14 and still preferred from about 82 to about 33 weight % of the finely divided silica component. The most preferred range is from about 82 to about 67 weight % of the finely divided silica component.
The proportion of calcium aluminate cement to finely divided silica component in the binder must be correlated and adjusted within the indicated ranges for these components to give the desired properties in the particular refractory mix chosen.
Other components may be added to the binder mix to achieve special properties or results.
Examples would be aluminum metal or resins to increase strength and powdered sodium phosphate such as Glass "H" from FMC Corp. to control the setting time. In accodance with the invention, it is an advantage that deflocculating agents are not required to achieve good properties in the refractory mix with low calcium aluminate cement contents. Thus, deflocculant-free compositions constitute a preferred embodiment of the invention. However, small amounts of deflocculating agents should be added, if desired, to achieve special results.
If the binder is prepared separately, it may be prepared by thoroughly dry mixing or blending the desired amounts of calcium aluminate cement and finely divided silica components.
The particulate refractory material component of the novel monolithic refractory mixes of the invention may be any of the refractory aggregates or grains well known in the art.
Examples include calcined clay, calcined bauxite, kyanite, tabular alumina, fused alumina, silicon carbide, andalusite, zircon, magnesia, chrome ore and mullite. The particular refractory material selected depends on the nature of the refractory application. For example, if a monolithic application, factors to be considered include the temperature gradient in the container to be lined, the thickness of the lining and the molten material to be contained. Such selection is well within the skili of persons familiar with this art. Preferred refractory grains include tabular alumina.
Particle size and distribution of the refractory grain selected is not critical but will also depend upon consideration of the above mentioned factors to optimize the desired results. Such determination is also within the ordinary skill of persons familiar with this art.
A preferred grain size distribution comprises about 50 to about 60% coarse -3+14 mesh (6.68X10 3 1.17X10 3 M (meters)), about 34 to about 45% medium 14+325 mesh (1.17X10-3 0.043X10-3 M) and about 0 to about 10% fine -325 mesh (0.043X10-3 M). As indicated above, sizes and distributions above and below these ranges may be suitable or more suitable for particular applications. Fine refractory grain sizes within the above range and a portion of the disclosed medium grain sizes within the above range are sometimes referred to in the art as "inert fillers." (See, for example, U.S.P. 4,111,711). The mesh sizes referred to herein are Tyler screens.
The amount of the refractory material component used in the monolithic refractory mixes of the invention is that which is sufficient to provide the desired degree of refractoriness to the mix. Generally the refractory component will occupy about 75 to about 99 and preferably 76 to about 98.5 weight % of the total mix, but suitable mixes for some applications may contain an amount of the refractory component above or below these ranges. Still preferred ranges for the amount of the refractory component are between about 77 to about 98.5 and about 83 to about 94 weight % of the total mix and, most preferred, between about 89-94 weight % of the total mix.
The amount of the binder component used in the refractory mix is that which is sufficient to provide the desired degree of strength in the final refractory product. Both hot strength and room temperature strength are important for refractory applications.
Hot strength is defined as the modulus of rupture (megapascals, MPa) psi of the final refractory product at 2000OF (1093"C) as determined by ASTM C-583-80. Satisfactory hot temperature strength is generally regarded as > 300 psi (2.07 MPa) and preferred hot temperature strength is > 500 psi (3.45 MPa).
Room temperature strength is defined as the modulus of rupture psi (MPa) at 78"F (26"C) as determined by said ASTM test C-583-80. Satisfactory room temperature strength is generally regarded as > 100 psi (0.690 MPa) and preferred room temperature strength is > 500 psi (3.45 MPa) after drying to 230OF (110"C).
Satisfactory hot and room temperature strengths are generally obtained when from about 1 to about 25 and preferably from about 1.5 to about 24 weight % of the binder in the total mix is employed. The most preferred range is from about 1.5 to about 23 weight % of the binder in the total mix. The preferred binder content for a particular application, however, will depend on the proportions of the binder components, the other components of the refractory mix and the shapes to be formed. The preferred amount of the binder to be employed can readily be determined by routine experimentation but will generally be from about 6 to about 17 weight % and preferably from about 6 to about 11 weight % of the refractory mix.
On the basis of the total refractory mix, the operable broad range for the calcium aluminate cement component is from about 1 to about 4 weight %. The preferred range is from about 1 to about 3 weight %, and the most preferred calcium aluminate content is about 2 weight %.
The corresponding ranges for the finely divided silica component are from about 0.5 to about 20 weight % (operable broad range), from about 2 to about 10 weight % (preferred) and from about 4 to about 10 weight % or from about 4 to about 9 weight % (still preferred).
The binder may be premixed and added to the refractory aggregate or all ingredients may be mixed simultaneously. In any event all the components should be thoroughly dry-mixed to prepare the refractory mix.
At the application site, if used as monolithic, the blended mix is mixed with water until it reaches a consistency suitable for forming. One of the advantages of the invention is that in comparison to conventional high cement castables, this system uses less water (no more than about 8 weight percent and preferably no more than about 7 weight percent or 6 weight percent) for casting while maintaining adequate room temperature properties and possessing improved refractoriness and strength. The wet mix is preferably shaped by using metal, wood or plastic forms which are vibrated, preferably externally, such as by air or by electrically driven vibrators. After being formed, the mixture should be allowed to cure for 24 hours so that the cement hydrates and sets properly. The cast piece should then be dried to drive off excess water added during casting.
As discussed above, the refractory mixes of the invention can be used to make preformed refractory shapes, but are preferably used as monolithics and can be used in place of most conventional ramming, castable and gunnite mixes. The refractory mixes of the invention are particularly useful for areas which require a dense, high strength refractory such as hot metal transfer ladles, furnace burner blocks, blast furnace casthouse troughs, reheat furnace, hearths and many other steel plant applications.
The following Table I gives examples which illustrate the advantageous properties of cast products obtained from refractory mix compositions within the scope of the invention compared with cast products obtained from related refractory mix compositions. Examples 1-5 are products derived from refractory mixes not within the scope of the invention. Examples 6 and 8 are satisfactory products derived from refractory mixes within the scope of the invention.
In Example 1, the cast refractory product was obtained by casting the indicated mix according to ASTM C-862, whereas in Examples 2-12, the cast products were obtained by vibration casting by the following procedure: A mold was clamped to a Syntron Vibrating Table Model #VP15D1 which has a frequency of 3600 vibrations per minute (VPM). The mold was filled with the refractory mix while the table was vibrating. A square-bladed trowel was used to strike off the excess material.
In all of the Examples, "coarse" refers to +325 (0.043X10-3 M) mesh and "fine" refers to -325 mesh (0.043X10-3 M).
"Dry bulk density" was determined by ASTM C134-77. The result is in pounds (kilogramsS) per cubic foot (meter) pcf (megapascals, MPa KglM3).
"Modulus of Rupture", psi (megapascals, MPa) was determined by ASTM C-133-81.
"Hot Modulus of Rupture," psi (megapascals, MPa) was determined by ASTM C-583-80.
"Porosity (%)" was determined by ASTM C-830-79.
Table I Raw Materials, wt. percent Examples 1 2 3 4 Tabular Alumina, coarse 65.0 85.0 70.0 70.0 Tabular Alumina, fine 5.0 4.4 22.5 25.0 Calcium Aluminate cement 30 10.6 7.5 5.0 Reactive Alumina - - -- -- Clay Deflocculant - -- -- - UCAR Submicron Silica properties Water to form, wt.% added 9.4 5.6 6.8 7.1 After 230 F (1100C) Dry Bulk Density, pcf (Kglm3) 163 186 168 183 (2610) (2980) (2980) (2930) Porosity, % 18 17 - - Mbdulus of Rupture, psi (MPa) 1700 1400 520 350 (11.9) (9.7) (3.6) (2.4) Ibt Modulus of Rupture &commat;27320F, psi (15000C) (MPa) 500 500 600 < 100 (3.4) (3.4) (4.1) (0.7) &commat;;20000F (19030C) (MPa) 1200 - 600 < 100 (8.3) (4.1) (0.7) Table I continued Raw Materials wt. percent Examples 5 6 7 8 9 Bauxite, coarse -- -- -- " 60 Bauxite, fine " -- - - 31 Kyanite -- -- - -- 1 Tabular Alumina, coarse 85.0 85.0 90.0 84.0 Tabular Alumina, fine 5.8 7.0 5.0 5.0 Calcium Aluminate cement 4.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2 Clay 5.0 - - -- - Deflocculant 0.5 - - -- - tÀR Submicron Silica) - 6.0 3.0 9.0 9.0 Properties Water to form, wt.% added 5.2 4.2 5.7 4.6 6.0 After 2300F (1100C) Dry Bulk Density, pcf (Kglm3) 186 187 173 182 (2980) (3000) (2770) (2920) Porosity, % 18 16 22 16 Modulus of 640 730 220 1031 468 Rupture, psi (MPa) (4.4) (5.0) (1.5) (7.1) (3.2) Hot Modulus of Rupture &commat;;27320F psi (1500 C) (MPa) < 100 1100 * 240 414 (0.7) (7.6) (1.6) (2.8) Q2000 F (10930C) (MPa) -- 2200 - 1851 - (15.2) - - (12.8) *Fell apart during sawing Table I continued Raw Materials wt. percent Examples 10 11 12 Mulcoa 47 -3+8 mesh (-6.68 x 10 3 + 2.36 x 10 -3 M) 25 25 28 -8+20 mesh (-2.36 x 10 + 0.83 x 10- 3 M) 25 25 27 -20 mesh 30 30 7 (-0.83 x 10- 3 M) -100 mesh 9 12 30 (-0.15 x 10-3 M) Calcium Aluminate Cement 2 2 2 UCAR Submicron Silica 9 6 6 Properties Water to form, wt. % added 6.04 6.66 5.82 After 2300F Dry Bulk Density 138 136 141 p.c.f. (Kglm ) 138 136 141 (2210) (2180) (2260) Porosity, % 17.8 19.9 16.7 Modulus of Rupture psi (MPa) 414 244 454 (2.8) (1.7) (3.1) Hot Modulus of Rupture psi (MPa) &commat;25000F (13710C) 542 386 610 (3.7) (2.7) (4.2) &commat;;20000F (10930C) 1400 2104 1986 (9.6) (14.5) (13.7) A comparison of the Examples shows that refractory products prepared from refractory mixes within the scope of the invention (Examples 6, 8 and 9-12) possessed superior hot strength (hot modulus of rupture) (thereby reflecting superior refractoriness) while maintaining preferred room temperature strength (modulus of rupture) compared with related refractory mixes outside the scope of the invention (Examples 1-5).
For example, Example 6 shows that when only 2% calcium aluminate was employed in the refractory mix of the invention, superior hot strengths were achieved with a preferred room temperature strength 730 psi (5.0 MPa).
On the other hand, a refractory mix with clay and deflocculant with 4.2% calcium aluminate (Example 5) resulted in a cast product which had a preferred room temperature strength but possessed unacceptable hot strength (refractoriness).
Example 1 shows that with 30% calcium aluminate (and no finely divided silica) superior room temperature strengths were obtained. but the hot strength at 2732OF (1500"C) and 2000OF (1093"C) were much inferior to those obtained with the refractory mixes of the invention where only very small amounts of calcium aluminate cement were employed in combination with the finely divided silica in accordance with the invention.
Example 7 shows that not all combinations of calcium aluminate cement and finely divided silica within the broad ranges disclosed for these components in accordance with the invention give satisfactory results with particular refractory mixes. Example 7 produced a product which fell apart during sawing. Suitable mixes for a particular system, however, can be prepared by adjusting the proportion of calcium aluminate cement to finely divided silica component within the disclosed broad range. Such adjustment can be accomplished for a particular system by routine experimentation.

Claims (11)

1. A monolithic refractory mix comprising: (a) 1 to 4 weight % of calcium aluminate cement, (b) 0.5 to 20 weight % of finely divided silica having a surface area between 0.1 to 100 square meters/gram, and a particle size of from 0.1 to 1 micron and a mean particle size of from 0.2 to 0.8 micron, and (c) 99 to 75 weight % of a particulate refractory material.
2. A monolithic refractory mix according to claim 1 in which the particle size of the finely divided silica is between > 0.1 and 1 micron.
3. A monolithic refractory mix according to claim 1 or 2 in which the particulate refractory material (c) is present in an amount from 98.5 to 76 weight %.
4. A monolithic refractory mix according to claim 1, 2 or 3 in which the calcium aluminate cement (a) is present in an amount from 1 to 3 weight %.
5. A monolithic refractory mix according to claim 4 in which the calcium aluminate cement component is present in an amount of about 2 weight %.
6. A monolithic refractory mix according to any one of the preceding claims which is free of any deflocculating agent.
7. A monolithic refractory mix according to any one of the preceding claims in which the finely divided silica (b) is present in an amount from 2 to 10 weight % and has a particle size of from 0.2 to 1 micron.
8. A monolithic refractory mix according to claim 7 in which the finely divided silica (b) is present in an amount from 4 to 9 weight %.
9. A monolithic refractory mix according to any one of the preceding claims in which the finely divided silica component is condensed silica fume.
10. A monolithic refractory mix according to claim 4 substantially as described by reference to any one of Examples 6 and 8 to 12.
11. Refractory articles obtained by shaping and curing a mix as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
GB08503031A 1984-10-26 1985-02-06 Monolithic refractory mix Withdrawn GB2166130A (en)

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Cited By (7)

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FR2625994A1 (en) * 1988-01-16 1989-07-21 Didier Werke Ag PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING LIGHT CHAMOTO BRICK AND LIGHT CHAMOTO BRICK MADE THEREBY
WO1990003957A1 (en) * 1988-10-05 1990-04-19 Comalco Aluminium Limited Low cement refractory
EP0615959A1 (en) * 1993-02-17 1994-09-21 Didier-Werke Ag Fire-resistant or refractory brick for use as tin bath bottom block
US5512325A (en) * 1994-10-28 1996-04-30 Indresco Inc. Non-slumping, pumpable castable and method of applying the same
US5578538A (en) * 1994-06-08 1996-11-26 Taiko Refractories Co., Ltd. Castable refractory material
US6313055B1 (en) 1998-08-20 2001-11-06 Harbison-Walker Refractories Company Refractory castables containing thermal black
US6313056B1 (en) 1998-08-20 2001-11-06 Harbison-Walker Refractories Company Non-slumping sprayable refractory castables containing thermal black

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GB918884A (en) * 1960-03-31 1963-02-20 Harbison Walker Refractories A refractory castable
GB2023566A (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-01-03 Hoeganaes Ab High-strength refractory casting compound

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GB595661A (en) * 1945-07-12 1947-12-11 Permanente Cement Company Improvements in or relating to forming or making particles or pieces of solid materials into shapes and the products resulting therefrom
GB918884A (en) * 1960-03-31 1963-02-20 Harbison Walker Refractories A refractory castable
GB2023566A (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-01-03 Hoeganaes Ab High-strength refractory casting compound
US4244745A (en) * 1978-06-22 1981-01-13 Hoganas Ab High-strength refractory casting compound for the manufacture of monolithic linings

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Cited By (9)

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US5512325A (en) * 1994-10-28 1996-04-30 Indresco Inc. Non-slumping, pumpable castable and method of applying the same
US5549745A (en) * 1994-10-28 1996-08-27 Indresco Inc. Non-slumping, pumpable castable and method of applying the same
US6313055B1 (en) 1998-08-20 2001-11-06 Harbison-Walker Refractories Company Refractory castables containing thermal black
US6313056B1 (en) 1998-08-20 2001-11-06 Harbison-Walker Refractories Company Non-slumping sprayable refractory castables containing thermal black
US6395662B1 (en) 1998-08-20 2002-05-28 Harbison-Walker Refractories Company Non-slumping sprayable refractory castables containing thermal black

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