GB2159904A - Pipe connectors - Google Patents
Pipe connectors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2159904A GB2159904A GB08512547A GB8512547A GB2159904A GB 2159904 A GB2159904 A GB 2159904A GB 08512547 A GB08512547 A GB 08512547A GB 8512547 A GB8512547 A GB 8512547A GB 2159904 A GB2159904 A GB 2159904A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- curvature
- surface portion
- members
- female member
- pipe connector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L15/00—Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints
- F16L15/001—Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints with conical threads
- F16L15/004—Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints with conical threads with axial sealings having at least one plastically deformable sealing surface
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
- E21B17/042—Threaded
Abstract
A pipe connector comprises an internally threaded female member (2) and an externally threaded male member (1) for threaded engagement in the female member. When the members are fully engaged together, an axially and radially directed surface (9, 10, 11) at the free end of one of the members, e.g. the male member, is abutted against a corresponding surface (19, 20, 21) on the other member, e.g. the female member. The surfaces comprise radially inwardly and outwardly curved surface portions (9, 10, 11 and 19, 20, 21) which are relatively dimensioned to be a radial force fit such as to cause deflection of the end portion of the free end of the male member (1) away from the female member (2) as the members are brought into full engagement to bring the surfaces into full engagement. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in and relating to pipe connectors
The present invention relates to pipe connectors for connecting pipes particularly but not exclusively for use in conveying pressurised fluids, for example steam, gas or oil, for example in oil or gas exploration or production.
One of the main types of connector presently used for such purposes comprises a female member having an internal circumferential surface provided with a thread and a male member having a corresponding external circumferential surface also provided with a thread which is threadedly received within the female member. Seals are required between the members and frequently one such seal is provided by abutment between an axially facing surface on the free end of one of the members, generally the male member, and a corresponding surface provided on the other member, the surfaces being abutted under compression when the members are fully engaged together. To obtain seals which will withstand conditions of use, the surfaces need to be abutted under triaxial compression, i.e. compressive force in axial, radial and circumferential directions.To obtain this the abutted surfaces are directed radially as well as axially. In one connector the free end of the male member is provided with two oppositely directed frusto-conical surfaces being a radially outer surface the apex of the cone of which is directed outwardly of the male member and a radially inner surface the apex of the cone of which is directed inwardly of the member, such that the free end of the male member has a generally V-shaped section in a radial plane.
Corresponding surfaces are provided on a shoulder in the female member and the two members are relatively dimensioned so that the radially inner surface on the male member comes into contact with the corresponding surface on the female member first and is then deformed to bring the radially outer surface on the male member into contact with the corresponding surface on the female member. However in this connector, when the two members are fully engaged together, a very high stress concentration may occur along the line joining the two frusto-conical surfaces of the male member and this can cause part of the shoulder of the female member extending from this line of high stress concentration to shear off, totally destroying the seal.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a pipe connector comprising a female member having an internal circumferential surface provided with a thread and a male member having an external circumferential surface corresponding to the internal circumferential surface of the female member, to be received within the female member, and provided with a thread for engagement with the thread of the female member, wherein, when the members are fully engaged together, a generally axially directed annular surface at the free end of one of the members makes abutting sealing contact with a corresponding oppositely generally axially directed annular surface on the other member, the abutted surfaces of the members comprising portions which are directed radially outwardly and inwardly of the members and which are continuously curved.
Advantageously the abutted surfaces of the members are relatively dimensioned so that they are a radial force fit such as to cause deformation of the end portion of the free end of the one member away from the other member as the members are fully engaged together.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a pipe connector comprising a female member having an internal circumferential surface provided with a thread and a male member to be received within the female member and having an external circumferential surface corresponding to the internal circumferential surface ofthefemale member and provided with a thread to be engaged with the thread of the female member, wherein, when the members are fully engaged together, a generally axially facing annular surface at the free end of one of the members makes abutting sealing contact with a corresponding oppositely generally axially facing annular surface on the other member, the annular surface at the free end of the one member comprising a first radially outwardly and axially facing annular surface portion having a first radius of curvature, a second radially inwardly and axially facing annular surface portion having a second radius of curvature, and a third annular surface portion having a third radius of curvature which interconnects and merges with the first and second surface portions, the third radius of curvature being less than the first and second radii of curvature, and the other member having corresponding first, second and third annular surface portions having substantially the same radii of curvature as the first, second and third annular surface portions of the one member, the relative dimensions of the abutted surfaces being arranged so that the portion of the free end of the one member provided with the said annular surface portions is a radial force fit relative to the other member such as to cause radial deformation of the end portion of the free end of the one member in a direction away from the other member as the members are fully engaged together.
Advantageously where the third surface portion merges with the first and second surface portions of the members respectively, the surface portions have common tangents.
According to one embodiment, the one member is the male member, a generally axially directed annular surface at the free end of the male member making abutting sealing contact with a corresponding oppositely generally axially directed annular surface on the female member, and the dimensions of the annular surface portions of the members are arranged so that the first surface portions come into contact and are deformed before the second surface portions come into contact.
Advantageously the surface portions are arranged so that, while the third surface portions may come into contact when the members are fully engaged together, the compressive stress thereacross is less than that across the first and second surface portions of the members.
Preferably, where the one member is the male member, the first radius of curvature of the first surface portion of the male member is less than the second radius of curvature of he second surface portion and the radius of curvature of the third surface portion is substantially less than both the first and second radii of curvature.
For example, the first radius of curvature may be about one half the second radius of curvature and the third radius of curvature may be about one tenth of the second radius of curvature.
Preferably, where the one member is the male member, the first surface portion of the male member merges with a cylindrical peripheral surface portion and the first surface portion of the female member merges with a frusto-conical surface portion, the maximum diameter of which is greater than that of the cylindrical surface portion of the male member so that the frusto-conical surface portion of the female member serves to guide the free end of the male member towards its final position relative to the female member. The minimum diameter of the frusto-conical surface portion of the female member is preferably less than that of the cylindrical surface portion.
Where the one member is the male member, the second surface portion of the male member may terminate at the internal surface of the male member or may merge with a fourth annular frustoconical surface portion which then terminates at the internal surface of the member. In the latter event, the female member is also provided with a corresponding fourth annular surface portion having substantially the same conicity as the fourth surface portion of the male member.
Advantageously the fourth frusto-conical surface portions form tangents to the second surface portions.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the one member is the female member, a generally axially directed surface at the free end of the female member making abutted sealing contact with a corresponding oppositely generally axially directed annular surface on the male member, and the dimensions of the annular surfaces of the members are arranged so that the second surface portions come into contact and are deformed before the first surface portions come into contact.
Preferably the second radius of curvature is less than the first radius of curvature and the third radius of curvature is substantially less than both the first and second radii of curvature. For example the second radius of curvature may be about one half the first radius of curvature and the third radius of curvature may be about one tenth the second radius of curvature.
Embodiments according to the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is an axial sectional view through an embodiment of pipe connector according to the present invention;
Figures 2 and 3 are enlarged axial sectional views of parts of the connector of Figure 1;
Figures 4 and 5 show the parts of Figures 2 and 3 during interengagement of the members of the pipe connector of Figure 1; and
Figures 6 and 7 are axial sectional views of other embodiments of pipe connectors according to the present invention.
Figure 1 shows a connector which comprises a male member 1 and a female member 2. In this embodiment the female member 2 is provided by part of a sleeve 3 which also provides a second female member 2a for connection with a second male member la. Each of the male members 1, la is provided at the end of a pipe section 4, 4a and may, as shown, be formed integrally with the pipe section or may be made separately and welded or otherwise fixed thereto.
As shown, each male member 1, lea has a
generally frusto-conical outer peripheral surface 5, 5a which is provided with a thread and each female
member 2, 2a has a corresponding frusto-conical
inner peripheral surface 6, 6a which is also provided
with a thread for receiving and engaging the
corresponding male member. The members may be
conventionally threaded or for example may be
provided with threads as described in any of co
pending UK Applications Nos. 8421540,8421541 and 8421615.The threads on the peripheral surfaces
terminate short of the free ends 7, 7a of the male
members and the corresponding inner ends of the
surfaces 6, 6a of the female member and, when the
members are fully engaged together, a generally
axially directed surface on the free end of each male
member is brought into sealing abutment with a
corresponding oppositely generally axially directed
surface on a shoulder 8 of the female member, as
will be described more fully in relation to Figures 2
to 5, which show only the free end 7 of male
member 1 and the corresponding portion of
shoulder 8 and the adjacent internal surface of the
female member 2.
As shown in Figure 2, the free end 7 of the male
member 1 is provided with a first radially outwardly
and axially directed annular surface portion 9 which
has a radius of curvature Tri, and a second radially
inwardly and axially directed annular surface
portion 10 having a radius of curvature R2. The
surface portions 9, 10 are interconnected by a third
annular surface portion 11 having a radius of
curvature R3, which surface portion 11 merges with
surface portions 9 and 10 at lines 12 and 13 where
the adjacent surface portions have common
tangents to remove any discontinuity in the
curvature of the surface portions 9, 10, 11. The third
surface portion 11 extends over the apex or crest of
the end surface of the male member and has a
substantially smaller radius of curvature than those
of the first and second surface portions. For
example, the radius of curvature R1 may be about
one half of the radius of curvature R2 and the radius
of curvature R3 may be about one tenth of the radius
of curvature R2.
The first surface portion 9 merges with a
cylindrical peripheral surface portion 14 which forms a tangent to surface portion 9 at line 15. The
second surface portion 10 may terminate at 16 at the
inner surface of the male member. Alternatively the
surface portion 10 may merge at 16 with a fourth
frusto-conical surface portion 17, shown in broken
lines, which forms a tangent to surface portion 10 at
line 16. Surface portion 17 then terminates at the
inner surface of the male member.
As shown in Figure 3, the female member 2 is
provided with surface portions 19,20,21 and
optionally 27 corresponding to surface portions 9,
10,11 and 17 of the male member and with
substantially the same radii of curvature R1, R2 and
R3 and with lines of merging 22,23 and 26 corresponding to lines 12, 13 and 16. However in the female member, the first surface portion 19 merges at 28 with a frusto-conical surface portion 29, which may for example extend at between about Sand 300 to the axis, and which is followed by a cylindrical surface portion 30. The maximum diameter of surface portion 29 is greater than the diameter of surface portion 14 of the male member so that surface portions 14 and 30 are slightly spaced even with full interengagement of the members.However the minimum diameter of surface portion 29 is less than the diameter of surface portion 14 and the maximum dimensions of portions 9, 10, 11 are greater than those of portions 19, 20,21. Thus as the members are screwed together, the free end of the male member is guided towards its final position by the frusto-conical surface portion 29 of the female member and initially makes contact with the female member in the region of line 28.Surfaces 9 and 19 then progressively come into contact as shown in
Figure 4 with an increasing degree of deformation, which is initially elastic and finally plastic, so that these surfaces 9, 19 are subject to triaxial stresses due to both axial compression and radially inward deflection or deformation of the end portion of the free end 7 of the male member which is caused by the contact between the surfaces 9 and 19. As surfaces 9 and 19 become fully engaged, surfaces 10 and 20, and 17 and 27 if provided, come into abutment and are compressed together, as shown in Figure 5.
The surfaces 9,10 and 11, and 19,20 and 21 are dimensioned and arranged so that, when surfaces 9, 19 and 10,20 are fully engaged together and under the designed compressive stress, surfaces 11 and 21 may be slightly spaced apart or in contact, but they will in any event experience substantially less compressive stress than surfaces 9, 19 and 10,20.
Thetolerancing of the radii of curvature of the surfaces 9, 10 and 11 and 19,20 and 21 is such that the radii of curvature of surfaces 19 and 20 of the female member are at least equal to or slightly greater than the radii of curvature of surfaces 9, 10, and the radius of curvature of surface 21 is at most equal to or slightly less than the radius of curvature of surface 11.
While the invention has been described in the context of a connector in which the female member is provided by a sleeve, it will be appreciated that it is equally applicable to a pin and box connector, for example as shown in Figure 6, where the male and female members 31,32 are formed integrally with or fixed, for example as shown by welding, or otherwise to the ends of pipe sections 4, 4a, a generally axially directed surface, e.g. as described with reference to Figure 2, at the free end 37 of the male member 31 making abutting sealing contact with a corresponding generally axially directed surface, e.g. as described with reference to Figure 3, provided on shoulder 38 on the female member 32.
Additionally, while the invention has been described in terms of sealing abutment between a generally axially directed surface on the free end of the male member and an internal surface on the female member, it will be appreciated that it is equally applicable to a connector where sealing is required between a generally axially directed surface on the free end of the female member and a corresponding surface on the male member, for example as shown in Figure 7. As shown in Figure 7 an axially directed surface on the free end 38 of the female member 32 makes abutting sealing contact with a surface provided on a shoulder 39 of the male member 31.Surface portions corresponding to surface portions 9, 10, 11 are provided on the free end 38 and surface portions corresponding to surface portions 19, 20,21 are provided on the shoulder 39 as described above except that the surface portions corresponding to portions 9 and 19 are radially inwardly, rather than radially outwardly, directed (and are therefore herein termed second surface portions) and the surface portions corresponding to portions 10,20 are radially outwardly, rather than radially inwardly, directed (and are therefore herein termed first surface portions). The female member may also be provided with surface portions corresponding to portions 14 and 17 and the male member may be provided with surface portions corresponding to portions 29, 30 and 27.
In a specific embodiment of a pipe connector as described above in relation to Figures 1 to 5, the radii of curvature R1, R2 and R3 of the male member are 0.2 inches, 0.4 inches and 0.04 inches, and the axial distance between the centres of the circles radius R1 and R2 is 0.287 inches.
Claims (21)
1. A pipe connector comprising a female member having an internal circumferential surface provided with a thread and a male member having an external circumferential surface corresponding to the internal circumferential surface of the female member, to be received within the female member, and provided with a thread for engagement with the thread of the female member, wherein, when the members are fully engaged together, a generally axially directed annular surface at the free end of one of the members makes abutting sealing contact with a corresponding oppositely generally axially directed annular surface on the other member, the abutted surfaces of the members comprising portions which are directed radially outwardly and inwardly of the members and which are continuously curved.
2. A pipe connector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the abutted surfaces of the members are relatively dimensioned so that they are a radial force fit such as to cause deformation of the end portion of the free end of the one member away from the other member as the members are fully engaged together.
3. A pipe connector comprising a female member having an internal circumferential surface provided with a thread and a male member to be received within the female member and having an external circumferential surface corresponding to the internal circumferential surface of the female member and provided with a thread to be engaged with the thread of the female member, wherein, when the members are fully engaged together, a generally axially facing annular surface at the free end of one of the members makes abutting sealing contact with a corresponding oppositely generally
axially facing annular surface on the other member, the annular surface at the free end of the one
member comprising a first radially outwardly and
axially facing annular surface portion having a first
radius of curvature, a second radially inwardly and
axially facing annular surface portion having a
second radius of curvature, and a third annular
surface portion having a third radius of curvature which interconnects and merges with the first and
second surface portions, the third radius of
curvature being less than the first and second radii
of curvature, and the other member having
corresponding first, second and third annular
surface portions having substantially the same radii
of curvature as the first, second and third annular
surface portions of the one member, the relative
dimensions of the abutted surfaces being arranged
so that the portion of the free end of the one
member provided with the said annular surface
portions is a radial force fit relative to the other
member such as to cause radial deformation of the
end portion of the free end of the one member in a
direction away from the other member as the
members are fully engaged together.
4. A pipe connector as claimed in claim 3, wherein
in the region where the third surface portions of the
members merge with the first and second surface
portions of the members, the surface portions have
common tangents.
5. A pipe connector as claimed in either claim 3 or
claim 4, wherein the one member is the male
member, a generally axially directed annular
surface at the free end of the male member making
abutted sealing contact with a corresponding
oppositely generally axially directed annular surface
on the female member, and the dimensions of the
annular surface portions of the members are
arranged so that the first surface portions come into
contact and are deformed before the second surface
portions come into contact.
6. A pipe connector as claimed in claim 5,
wherein, when the members are fully engaged
together, the compressive stress across the third
surface portions is less than that across the first and
second surface portions.
7. A pipe connector as claimed in either claim 5 or
claim 6, wherein the first radius of curvature is less than the second radius of curvature and the third radius of curvature is substantially less than both the first and second radii of curvature.
8. A pipe connector as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the radii of curvature of the first and second surfaces of the female member are at least equal to the first and second radii of curvature of the male member and the radius of curvature of the third surface portion of the female member is at most equal to the third radius of curvature of the male member.
9. A pipe connector as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the first surface portion of the male member merges with a cylindrical peripheral surface portion, and the first surface portion of the female member merges with a frusto-conical surface portion, the maximum diameter of which is greater than the diameter of the cylindrical surface portion of the male membersothatthefrustoconical surface portion ofthefemale member serves to guide the free end of the male member towards its fully engaged position relative to the female member.
10. A pipe connector as claimed in claim 9, wherein the minimum diameter of the frusto-conical surface portion of the female member is less than the diameter of the cylindrical surface portion of the male member.
11. A pipe connector as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the second surface portion of the male member merges with a fourth annular frusto-conical surface portion which terminates at the internal surface of the male member, and the female member is provided with a corresponding fourth annular surface portion having substantially the same conicity as the fourth surface portion of the male member.
12. A pipe connector as claimed in claim 11, wherein the fourth frusto-conical surface portions of the members form tangents to the second surface portions respectively.
13. A pipe connector as claimed in either claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the one member is the female member, a generally axially directed surface at the free end of the female member making abutted sealing contact with a corresponding oppositely generally axially directed annular surface on the male member, and the dimensions of the annular surfaces of the members are arranged so that the second surface portions come into contact and are deformed before the first surface portions come into contact.
14. A pipe connector as claimed in claim 13, wherein, when the members are fully engaged together, the compressive stress across the third surface portions is less than that across the first and second surface portions.
15. A pipe connector as claimed in either claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the second radius of curvature is less than the first radius of curvature and the third radius of curvature is substantially less than both the first and second radii of curvature.
16. Apipe connector as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the radii of curvature of the first and second surface portions of the male member are at least equal to the respective radii of curvature of the first and second surfaces of the female member, and the radius of curvature of the third surface of the male member is at most equal to the radius of curvature of the third surface portion of the female member.
17. A pipe connector as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the second surface portion of the female member merges with a cylindrical peripheral surface portion and the second surface portion of the male member merges with a frustoconical surface portion, the maximum diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical
surface portion of the female member so that the frusto-conical surface portion of the male member serves to guide the free end of the female member towards its final position relative to the male
member.
18. A pipe connector as claimed in claim 17,
wherein the minimum diameter of the frusto-conical surface portion of the male member is greater than the diameter of the cylindrical surface portion of the female member.
19. A pipe connector as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the first surface portion of the female member merges with a fourth annular frusto-conical surface portion which terminates at the external surface of the member, and the male member is provided with a corresponding fourth annular surface portion having substantially the same conicity as the fourth surface portion of the female member.
20. A pipe connector as claimed in claim 19, wherein the fourth frusto-conical surface portions form tangents to the respective first surface portions.
21. A pipe connector substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08512547A GB2159904B (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1985-05-17 | Pipe connectors |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB848414203A GB8414203D0 (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1984-06-04 | Pipe connectors |
| GB08512547A GB2159904B (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1985-05-17 | Pipe connectors |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8512547D0 GB8512547D0 (en) | 1985-06-19 |
| GB2159904A true GB2159904A (en) | 1985-12-11 |
| GB2159904B GB2159904B (en) | 1987-06-24 |
Family
ID=26287811
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08512547A Expired GB2159904B (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1985-05-17 | Pipe connectors |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2159904B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2551527A1 (en) * | 1983-08-31 | 1985-03-08 | Hunting Oilfield Services Ltd | THREADED FITTINGS, IN PARTICULAR FOR TUBES AND MORE SPECIALLY FOR THE EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS DEPOSITS |
| GB2366844A (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2002-03-20 | Vetco Gray Inc Abb | A threaded tubular connection |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1398959A (en) * | 1972-03-31 | 1975-06-25 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Threaded tube joint structure for a casing particularly for oil wells |
| GB2104919A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1983-03-16 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Improving sealing of oil well casing/tubing by electrodeposition |
-
1985
- 1985-05-17 GB GB08512547A patent/GB2159904B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1398959A (en) * | 1972-03-31 | 1975-06-25 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Threaded tube joint structure for a casing particularly for oil wells |
| GB2104919A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1983-03-16 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Improving sealing of oil well casing/tubing by electrodeposition |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2551527A1 (en) * | 1983-08-31 | 1985-03-08 | Hunting Oilfield Services Ltd | THREADED FITTINGS, IN PARTICULAR FOR TUBES AND MORE SPECIALLY FOR THE EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS DEPOSITS |
| GB2366844A (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2002-03-20 | Vetco Gray Inc Abb | A threaded tubular connection |
| US6478344B2 (en) | 2000-09-15 | 2002-11-12 | Abb Vetco Gray Inc. | Threaded connector |
| GB2366844B (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2004-06-09 | Vetco Gray Inc Abb | Threaded connector |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2159904B (en) | 1987-06-24 |
| GB8512547D0 (en) | 1985-06-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 20050516 |