GB2149913A - Cigarette filter rod inspection - Google Patents
Cigarette filter rod inspection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2149913A GB2149913A GB08429086A GB8429086A GB2149913A GB 2149913 A GB2149913 A GB 2149913A GB 08429086 A GB08429086 A GB 08429086A GB 8429086 A GB8429086 A GB 8429086A GB 2149913 A GB2149913 A GB 2149913A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- rod
- light
- pulses
- light emitting
- cut
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
- A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
- A24C5/32—Separating, ordering, counting or examining cigarettes; Regulating the feeding of tobacco according to rod or cigarette condition
- A24C5/34—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes
- A24C5/3412—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes by means of light, radiation or electrostatic fields
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/952—Inspecting the exterior surface of cylindrical bodies or wires
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/062—LED's
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
Abstract
Composite filter rod for use in filter cigarettes is inspected during manufacture by processing a signal indicative of the peak intensity of pulses of light passed through the rod to check the presence and/or type of filter material and its timing relative to a cut-off. The rod is passed between a light emitting diode (22) and a photodetector (26), the diode being triggered at a frequency related to cut- off speed, and the intensity of light pulses received by the photodetector is monitored by comparators (36-40) and a microprocessor (34). A feed-back circuit (42) automatically compensates for fading of the diode (22) with age. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Filter rod inspection
This invention is concerned with inspecting continuous composite filter rods, that is rods which contain a plurality of different sections; and is particularly concerned with inspecting cigarette filter rods containing sections into which carbon granules have been inserted.
In conventional manufacture of composite filter rods a continuous rod is cut (by means of a cut-off device) into individual rods which are four or six times the length of subsequently formed cigarette filters. Before being cut the continuous rod is inspected to ensure that each filter will have the required arrangement of sections. An unsatisfactory filter will result, for example, if an unwanted gap is formed between sections, if sections are assembled in the wrong order, or if the continuous rod is cut at thewrong position. In addition to this, when the rod includes sections into which carbon granules have been inserted, such sections may contain too many or too few granules.
Arrangements are known in which the continuous rod is inspected by directing light through the rod towards a transducer which generates an electrical signal indicative of the intensity of the light received. The electrical signal is then processed to determine whether satisfactory rod is being produced. The electrical signal may be processed as described in
British patent specification No. 2043962 (equivalent to United States patent specification No. 4274317) in which a series of timing pulses is generated at a frequency proportional to the speed of the machine, and these pulses are counted between changes in the amplitude of the electrical signal and operations of the cut-off device.
According to the present invention apparatus for inspecting a continuous composite filter rod comprises means for directing a continuous composite filter rod axially past an inspection position; means for generating a series of timing pulses; light emitting means for generating light pulses in response to said timing pulses; light receiving means for receiving light from the light emitting means after modification by the continuous rod and for generating a test signal indicative of a property of said received light, preferably its amplitude; and means for processing the test signal to determine subsequent processing of the continuous rod, e.g. to determine whether satisfactory filters may subsequently be formed from the continuous rod and/or to control the position at which the continuous rod is cut.
Preferably the light receiving means is arranged to receive light from the light emitting means after passage through the continuous rod. Preferably the frequency of the timing pulses is related to the speed of the machine so that the test signal conveys information indicative of the speed at which the rod passes the inspection position and also the type of sections contained within the rod.
Preferably the light receiving means is a.c.
coupled to the processing means. The test signal is variable, i.e. alternating, and therefore allows this. The processing means may therefore include circuitry which would be prone to d.c. drift if used in systems previously known in the art. Preferable the frequency of the light pulses is substantially higher than mains frequency so that any mains pick-up can be filtered out of the test signal.
Preferably said processing means comprises a plurality of comparing means each of which compares the pulsing test signal with a respective pre-set reference; each comparing means may therefore be arranged to produce an output pulse if a test signal pulse has a magnitude which is greater than its pre-set reference.
Preferably the pre-set reference applied to one of the comparing means is a low fixed reference; this comparing means may always produce a low output pulse on receiving a test pulse when the machine is operating normally. If a low output pulse is not generated when a light pulse is generated by the light emitting means the machine may automatically increase the light emitted by the light emitting means, amplify the test signal, or operate a warning device to inform an operator that such a condition exists. Preferably the processing means generates a low output pulse and no other pulses when the least translucent sections are passing through the test station. The least translucent sections may be solid filter material (perhaps covered with coloured paper), or sections into which too many carbon granules have been inserted.
Preferably the pre-set reference applied to one of the comparing means is a high fixed reference; this comparing means may produce high output pulse when a gap passes through the inspection device. Preferably a first comparing means and a second comparing means are provided with respective pre-set references for detecting different types of sections such that the first comparing means may produce output pulses when a first type of section passes the inspection position, and both the first and the second comparing means may produce output pulses when a second type of section passes through the inspection device.
Alternatively, the first comparing means may product output pulses when a section into which carbon granules have been inserted is passing the inspection position, and the second comparing means may produce output pulses if said section does not contain enough granules.
Preferably the light emitting means is a light emitting diode mounted at the inspection position and arranged to direct light towards the light receiving means. The light emitting diode generates much less heat than light sources which have previously been used for testing continuous filter rods, and is not damaged by machine vibration. The preferred apparatus does not therefore require fibre optic light guides and does not require frequent replacement of the light emitting means. The life of the light emitting diode is extended because it operates in a pulsed mode. Pulsing the light emitting diode also allows it to operate at a higher maximum power output compared with a similar device operating in a continuous mode, the life of the diode being related to the average power output.Preferably the life of the light emitting diode is extended further by arranging the duration of each pulse to be substantially constant while the pulse frequency varies with machine speed. Preferably the life of the light emitting diode is further extended by a feed-back circuit which, on detecting that the test signal has dropped below a predetermined level, increases the power supplied to the light emitting means. Alternatively the feed-back circuit may control the amplification of a circuit which amplifies the test signal.
Preferably the processing means includes a microprocessor which receives an interrupt signal when each timing pulse is generated and may then examine the output of each of the comparing means.
The invention will be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a machine for producing composite filters containing carbon granules;
Figure 2 is a transverse section of a device for inspecting a continuous filter rod; and
Figure 3 shows a circuit for use with the inspection device of Fig. 2.
In the machine of Fig. 1 a continuous composite filter rod is cut into separate rod lengths by a cut-off device 1. Each rod length is subsequently cut at a filter cigarette assembling machine to produce four individual filters. Each filter consists of a hard acetate section at the mouth end and a soft acetate section at the tobacco end with carbon granules between the two acetate sections. Hard acetate sections are stored in a hopper 2 and are individually applied to a suction tape 3.
Soft sections are stored in a hopper 4 and are individually applied to the suction tape 3 so that the hard and soft sections alternate. A double worm arrangement 5 (as described in
British patent specification No. 971491) engages the sections and applies them to a web of over-wrap paper 6 with the required spacing between each. The overwrap paper 6 has a line of glue applied to it by a gluing unit 7 so that the sections do not move relative to the paper 6. The worm 5 is driven in synchronism with the cut-off device 1 to ensure that (in normal operation) the rod is cut in the required position.
The web of over-wrap paper 6 is supported by a garniture tape 8 as it enters a rodforming section 9. The order of sections entering the rod-forming section 9 is soft acetate, hard acetate, gap. Before the sections are totally enclosed carbon granules are inserted into the gaps by an inserting unit 10. One form of inserting unit is shown in British patent specification No. 2107965. A lap join in the overwrap paper 6 is then glued by a glue applicator 11 and sealed by a heater 1 2 to produce a continuous rod. The continuous rod passes through an inspection device 14 before being cut into individual rods by the cut-of device 1.
At the inspection device 14 (shown in Fig.
2) the moving rod 20 enters a pass-tube 21 having an internal diameter of typically 1 Omm. Pulses of light are directed through the pass-tube 21 and towards the moving rod 20 from a light emitting diode 22. The diode 22 is a high power infra-red device (for example a GAL10 manufactured by Plessey
PLC. Great Britain) and includes a lens 23 which provides a beam divergence of less than 20 degrees, as shown by lines 24.
However, it should be noted that devices which emit radiation at other frequencies, for example visible light, may be used. An aperture plate 25 is mounted directly opposite the light emitting diode 22 behind which is mounted a photo-diode 26 (for example a
BPX 65) which produces an electrical signal indicative of the amount of light it receives.
The aperture plate 25 has an aperture which allows the photo-diode to receive a section of the light which has passed through the rod 20 from the light emitting diode 22. The aperture is typically 0.25mm wide (in the longitudinal direction of the rod 20) and 4mm high which allows the inspection device to inspect rod having a diameter between 7mm and 9mm.
To increase the ability of the apparatus to detect each material from which the sections are formed, the hard acetate sections are enclosed in a coloured paper while the soft acetate sections are enclosed in a white paper.
In this way the soft sections allow more light to pass through than the hard sections, while the hard sections allow more light to pass through than the carbon granules.
A circuit for use with the inspection device 14 is shown in Fig. 3. A rotary position transducer 30 produces 200 pulses during each revolution of the cut-off device 1 which pulses are supplied to a frequency doubling circuit 31. The resulting output pulses (at a frequency of 400 per revolution of the cut-off device) are supplied to a pulse shaping and amplifying circuit 32 which supplies drive pulses to the light emitting diode 22. The frequency of the pulses is proportional to the speed of the machine, so that for a typical rod length of 100 mm a pulse is generated for each 0.25mm of rod which passes through the inspection device.
The amplifying circuit 32 is arranged to be triggered by pulses supplied by the frequency doubling circuit 31 so that the duration of each pulse is substantially constant and is not related to the speed of the machine. The duration of each pulse is minimised to reduce the time over which the light emitting diode 22 is powered thereby extending its life. The minimum duration of each pulse is limited by the circuitry for processing the test signal.
The output pulses from the frequency doubling circuit 31 are also supplied, via a suitable interface 33, to an interrupt port of a microprocessor 34. The interrupt signal instructs the microprocessor 34 that the light emitting diode 22 is~emitting light onto the photodiode 26 and that a test signal is being generated.
The photo-diode 26 operates as a voltage source but is zero biased to minimise the generation of electrical noise. The terminals of the photo-diode 26 are connected to opposing inputs of a differential amplifier 35 which consists of two a.c. coupled high gain operational amplifiers with negative feedback providing a high input impedance and a stable closed loop gain. At a typical machine operating speed the photo-diode 26 produces pulses at a frequency of 1 6kHz, or one pulse per 62.5 microseconds. The duration of a drive pulse is required to be less than half of this value and, as previously stated, a short pulse width increases the working life of the light emitting diode. Pulse width is restricted by the slew rates of the operational amplifiers to a value marginally greater than 5 microseconds.
The amplified test signal is applied to the positive inputs of five comparators 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 via a diode 41 and suitable resistors (not shown). The negative input of each comparator is supplied with a respective reference such that each comparator produces a high output pulse if the magnitude of an amplified test pulse is larger than its respec tive reference. The magnitude of the references applied to the comparators 36 to 40 increases from a low reference applied to comparator 36 to a high reference applied to comparator 40 with adjustable intermediate references applied to comparators 37 to 39. If a gradually increasing test signal were to be applied to the comparators they would produce output signals in ascending numerical sequence.The intensity of a test pulse therefore determines how many comparators will produce an output pulse and by examining the output from each the type of section passing through the inspection device may be deduced.
The output from each comparator is examined by the microprocessor 34 on receiving an interrupt signal via interface 33. In this way the microprocessor may control other machine operations between each timing pulse. Each comparator requires a finite time to switch and the comparators with a higher reference require a longer time. The microprocessor 34 therefore examines the output from comparator 36 first of all: this should always produce an output pulse on receiving an amplified test pulse. If the microprocessor 34 receives an interrupt but the output from comparator 36 is low then a fault condition exists, probably due to the light emitting diode not emitting sufficient light. The microprocess 34 indicates that such a condition exists so that necessary action may be taken.
For example the inspection device may need cleaning or the light emitting diode 20 may need replacing. To further increase the life of the light emitting diode 20 the test signal may be supplied to a feed back circuit 42 which increases the current supplied to the light emitting diode 20 as the output of the diode decreases with age. Alternatively a feedback circuit may increase the gain of amplifier 35.
Comparator 36 is the only comparator which produces output pulses when sections into which the required number of carbon granules have been inserted pass through the inspection device. If a section into which not enough carbon granules have been inserted passes through the inspection device then comparator 37 will also produce an output pulse. In an alternative arrangement the inspection device 14 has a second light emitter and a second light detector combination. The first emitter directs light horizontally and the second emitter directs light vertically. If a section into which carbon granules have been inserted does not contain enough granules then a first test signal from the first detector will be significantly different from a second test signal from the second detector.The first and second test signals are therefore compared to determine whether a satisfactory amount of carbon is contained in each section. In order to reduce interference between say the first emitter and the second detector the emitters receive pulses at different times.
Preferably the same portion of the rod is examined by both detectors and a first test pulse is delayed or its value stored.
When acetate sections covered with coloured paper pass through the inspection device comparator 38 produces output pulses and when acetate sections covered with white paper pass through the inspection device comparator 39 also produces output pulses.
Comparator 40 emits a pulse if a gap is present between sections. On detecting such a gap the microprocessor 34 supplies a de layed signal to a rod rejection device 43 to reject the offending rod.
The microprocessor 34 also determines whether the rod has been correctly cut through the centre of a soft (white) section. A transducer 44 generates a pulse when the rod is cut which pulse is supplied to a latch 45.
The latch is connected to an input/output port of the microprocessor 34 which may interrogate and reset the latch. When a soft section passes through the inspection device comparator 39 produces output pulses. On detecting a first output pulse from this comparator (assuming comparator 40 does not product an output pulse) the microprocessor 34 counts a preprogrammed number of interrupt pulses at the end of which the start of a soft section passes the cut-off device. The microprocessor 34 then sets up a new count of interrupt pulses and after each increment the latch 45 is examined to determine whether the rod has been cut.On detecting that the rod has been cut the latch 45 is reset and the count is compared with a preprogrammed reference; if the count is larger than said reference (by a preprogrammed margin) the cut-off device must be advanced; if the count is smaller than said reference (by a preprogrammed margin) the cut-off device must be retarded. In an alternative arrangement a count indicative of the length of a soft section before the operation of the cut-off device is compared with a count indicative of the length of said section after the operation of the cut-off device, the two counts being equal if the section was cut at its mid-point. If necessary unsatisfactory rods may be rejected.
The microprocessor 34 is also required to determine whether sections are arranged in the required sequence. The microprocessor is therefore arranged to follow the sequence of pulses produced by the comparators and if this does not match the required sequence (which is programmed into the microprocessor) a section must have been inserted into the rod in the wrong place. On detecting such a condition offending rods are rejected and if necessary the machine is stopped and restarted to ensure that soft sections are being cut by the cut-off device. The phase of the cut-off is then automatically adjusted to ensure that soft sections are being cut centrally as described above. While rejecting rods which contain a gap or a wrongly inserted section adjustments to phase are suppressed until the aforementioned faulty rods have been cleared and the machine is producing good rod. A display 46 indicates to the operator the condition of the machine, that is whether rod is entering the inspection device, whether a fault exists and whether rod is being rejected etc.
The comparator 36 is set with a relatively low reference corresponding to that indicative of a fault. By adding another comparator having a reference between that indicative of a fault and that indicative of the correct number of carbon granules the apparatus may be arranged to detect sections contained too many carbon granules.
Claims (7)
1. Apparatus for inspecting a continuous composite filter rod, comprising means for directing a continuous composite filter rod axially past an inspection position; means for generating a series of timing pulses; light emitting means for generating light pulses in response to said timing pulses; light receiving means for receiving light from the light emitting means after modification by the continuous rod and for generating a test signal indicative of a property of said received light, preferably its amplitude; and means for processing the test signal to determine subsequent processing of the continuous rod.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the means for generating timing pulses is arranged so that the frequency of the pulses is related to the speed of passage of the filter rod past the inspection position.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the frequency of the timing pulses is sufficiently high to enable mains frequency interference to be filtered out.
4. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the light emitting means is a light emitting diode.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the duration of each timing pulse is substantially constant irrespective of frequency.
6. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a feed-back circuit is provided which, on detecting that a test signal is lower than a predetermined level, applies an appropriate correction.
7. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, further including a microprocessor and means for feeding an interrupt signal to the microprocessor when each timing pulse is generated.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB838330895A GB8330895D0 (en) | 1983-11-18 | 1983-11-18 | Filter rod inspection |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8429086D0 GB8429086D0 (en) | 1984-12-27 |
| GB2149913A true GB2149913A (en) | 1985-06-19 |
Family
ID=10552017
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB838330895A Pending GB8330895D0 (en) | 1983-11-18 | 1983-11-18 | Filter rod inspection |
| GB08429086A Withdrawn GB2149913A (en) | 1983-11-18 | 1984-11-16 | Cigarette filter rod inspection |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB838330895A Pending GB8330895D0 (en) | 1983-11-18 | 1983-11-18 | Filter rod inspection |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB8330895D0 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0518141A2 (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1992-12-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Cigarette inspection method |
| DE102005012811A1 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-21 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Detection of inhomogeneities in a filter strand |
| EP2769632B1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2017-11-01 | Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH | Measurement method and measurement assembly for detecting the position of an object in a filter rod conveyed along the longitudinal axis, and machine for the tobacco processing industry |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107063343A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-08-18 | 中电科信息产业有限公司 | A kind of composite filter quality detection device and system |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1422991A (en) * | 1972-02-25 | 1976-01-28 | Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg | Method of and apparatus for determining the density of a cigarette rod or other rod of tobacco or filter material |
-
1983
- 1983-11-18 GB GB838330895A patent/GB8330895D0/en active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-11-16 GB GB08429086A patent/GB2149913A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1422991A (en) * | 1972-02-25 | 1976-01-28 | Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg | Method of and apparatus for determining the density of a cigarette rod or other rod of tobacco or filter material |
| GB1422992A (en) * | 1972-02-25 | 1976-01-28 | Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg | Method of and apparatus for determining the density or the filling power of a cigarette rod or other rod of tobacco or filter material |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0518141A2 (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1992-12-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Cigarette inspection method |
| EP0518141A3 (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1993-04-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Cigarette inspection method |
| DE102005012811A1 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-21 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Detection of inhomogeneities in a filter strand |
| EP2769632B1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2017-11-01 | Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH | Measurement method and measurement assembly for detecting the position of an object in a filter rod conveyed along the longitudinal axis, and machine for the tobacco processing industry |
| EP2769632B2 (en) † | 2013-02-26 | 2022-03-30 | Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH | Measurement method and measurement assembly for detecting the position of an object in a filter rod conveyed along the longitudinal axis, and machine for the tobacco processing industry |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8429086D0 (en) | 1984-12-27 |
| GB8330895D0 (en) | 1983-12-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |