GB2147704A - Process for testing non-homogeneous building materials - Google Patents
Process for testing non-homogeneous building materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2147704A GB2147704A GB08423490A GB8423490A GB2147704A GB 2147704 A GB2147704 A GB 2147704A GB 08423490 A GB08423490 A GB 08423490A GB 8423490 A GB8423490 A GB 8423490A GB 2147704 A GB2147704 A GB 2147704A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- building materials
- specimen
- compressive strength
- aggregate
- strength
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
- G01N33/383—Concrete or cement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Abstract
A process is provided enabling the compressive strength of non-homogeneous building materials, mainly concrete, and constructional elements made therefrom, to be non-destructively tested in the built-in state and at the manufacturing stage respectively. A current of hard particles of a size smaller than the largest grain of aggregate in the specimen is directed onto the specimen at a speed such that the kinetic energy of the particles is just sufficient to destroy that component of the over-all system which has the lowest individual strength and which is thus decisive for the compressive strength of the system as a whole. It is essential to the process that the current of particles acting on the specimen should move around the wear-resisting component and eject it after the cohesive combination has been re-separated. The compressive strength of the building material is determined from the change thus brought about in the geometry of the sample, taking into account the conditions under which the process has been carried out. The volume, depth or diameter of the crater produced in test cubes made of the building materials are used to provide calibration diagrams to enable the compressive strength of building materials to be determined.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Process for testing non-homogeneous building materials
This invention is concerned with the field of nondestructive strength-testing of building materials such as concrete and constructional elements made therefrom, the testing being performed in a built-in state and/or at the manufacturing stage respectively.
In practice, non-destructive testing of the compressive strength of concrete is carried out by the ball-impact and rebound-hardness method. These methods, however, only enable the surface of the specimen or the layers near its surface to be tested. The strength characteristics occurring throughout the cross section of the concrete cannot be tested in this manner. The non-homogeneity in the concrete surface also causes considerable variation in measurement data.
An object of the present invention is to enable the strength of non-homogeneous building material and building components or structures produced therefrom to be determined at low cost by means of a testing process applicable at any time and in any place. The invention thus has application as a means for ensuring quality of a preliminary product and of the assembly more thoroughly and, particularly in reconstruction operations, a means for determining strength of a building component or structure more reliably.
The invention seeks to provide a process for testing the strength of building materials such as concrete and constructional components produced therefrom at the manufacturing stage and/or in a built-in state respectively.
According to this invention there is provided a process for strength-testing non-homogeneous building materials containing cement stone and grains of aggregate, preferably concrete and constructional components produced therefrom, in which process a current of hard particles is caused to act on a specimen of said material with a predetermined degree of energy that only the cement stone is destroyed, the grains of aggregate merely being released from the bonded system.
A current of hard particles is directed onto the specimen at a speed such that the kinetic energy of the particles is just sufficient to destroy that component of the over-all system which has the lowest individual strength and which is thus decisive for the compressive strength of the system as a whole.
It is essential to the process that the current of particles acting on the specimen should move around the wear-resisting component and eject it after the cohesive combination has been re-separated. The compressive strength of the building material is determined from the change thus brought about in the geometry of the sample, taking into account the conditions under which the process has been carried out.
The invention achieves its object on the basis that set concrete as a heterogeneous system consists of a cement stone matrix and a framework of aggregates. The strength of this system is determined by the component having the lowest individual strength, and when conventional heavy natural aggregates are used this is normally the strength of the cement stone. The strength of the concrete is thus mainly determined by that of the cement stone and the firmness of the cohesion between the cement stone and the grain of the aggregate.
In accordance with the invention a current of hard particles, i.e. of granulated foundry slag, is directed onto the specimen with a defined, i.e. predetermined, degree of energy in such a way as to destroy the cement stone only but not the framework of aggregate. The grains of aggregate are released without any appreciable strain from the cohesive combination after it has been re-separated.This is conditional upon meeting the following requirements:
(i) The particles used should preferably have a hardness not exceeding that of the aggregate material adopted,
(ii) The grain size of the particles used must be smaller than the largest grain of the aggregate and preferably or the order of 2mm,
(iii) That area of the specimen on which the action is exerted must be at least five times greater than the maximum possible sectional area of the largest grain,
(iv) The minimum depth to which material is removed should preferably be selected in accordance with the largest grain of the aggregate but preferably amounts to at least 10mm, and
(v) The current of particles must be guided in such a way as to enable them to make unimpeded impact on the specimen.
This planned action on the sample alters its geometry. The change undergone by the geometry of the sample provides an indication of the compressive strength of the building material, e.g. concrete.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood and readily carried into effect an embodiment thereof is described below by way of non-limiting example only.
Example
The invention will be explained by reference to the compressive strength testing of standard concrete. For this purpose sets of test cubes are produced with one and the same type of aggregate and grain composition and with different mixing ratios. Of each of these formulations some of the test cubes are destructively tested for their compressive strength in the known manner. The remainder are subjected to a jet of granulated foundry slag having a predetermined pressure and distance and for a predetermined duration.
The specimen thus develops, according to the strength of the concrete, a crater which can be evaluated according to its volume, its depth or its diameter, as desired.
Calibration diagrams are drawn on the basis of the values thus measured. If identical types of con crete of unknown compressive strength are tested according to the invention with jets under a given set of conditions the calibration diagrams enable the compressive strength of the concrete to be determined from the changes taking place in the geometry of the specimens.
The advantages of the invention are that the compressive strength of the aforementioned building materials and constructional elements can be determined rapidly, reliably, economically, non-destructively and in all geometrical positions.
Claims (5)
1. A process for strength-testing non-homogeneous building materials containing cement stone and grains of aggregate, preferably concrete and constructional components produced therefrom, in which process a current of hard particles is caused to act on a specimen of said material with a predetermined degree of energy such that only the cement stone is destroyed, the grains of aggregate merely being released from the bonded system.
2. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the hardness of the particles used does not exceed that of the aggregate contained in said material and the grain size of the particles used is smaller than the largest grain of the aggregate.
3. A process as claimed in either preceding claim, wherein that area of the specimen which is subjected to the action is at least five times as great as the maximum possible sectional area of the largest grain.
4. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the minimum depth to which material is removed amounts to 10mm.
5. A process for non-destructive strength-testing non-homogeneous building materials substantially as herein described with reference to the example.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DD25539483 | 1983-10-04 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8423490D0 GB8423490D0 (en) | 1984-10-24 |
| GB2147704A true GB2147704A (en) | 1985-05-15 |
| GB2147704B GB2147704B (en) | 1987-10-21 |
Family
ID=5550880
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08423490A Expired GB2147704B (en) | 1983-10-04 | 1984-09-17 | Process for testing non-homogeneous building materials |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BG (1) | BG46871A1 (en) |
| CS (1) | CS260020B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3426572C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2553197B3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2147704B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2205168A (en) * | 1987-05-28 | 1988-11-30 | Univ Surrey | In-situ measurement of the strength of adhesion to surfaces |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113420410A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-21 | 华北水利水电大学 | Construction and application of rock heterogeneous model based on PFC (Power factor correction) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2095722A (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1982-10-06 | Univ Exeter The | Forming an erosive jet |
| WO1983003071A1 (en) * | 1982-03-01 | 1983-09-15 | Hockett, Wayne, B. | Universal cleaning apparatus |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA923327A (en) * | 1967-09-21 | 1973-03-27 | J. Kopf Rowland | Method and apparatus for testing compressive strength of concrete and the like |
-
1984
- 1984-07-19 DE DE19843426572 patent/DE3426572C2/en not_active Expired
- 1984-08-16 CS CS846220A patent/CS260020B1/en unknown
- 1984-08-22 BG BG6667784A patent/BG46871A1/en unknown
- 1984-09-17 GB GB08423490A patent/GB2147704B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-10-04 FR FR8415242A patent/FR2553197B3/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2095722A (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1982-10-06 | Univ Exeter The | Forming an erosive jet |
| WO1983003071A1 (en) * | 1982-03-01 | 1983-09-15 | Hockett, Wayne, B. | Universal cleaning apparatus |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2205168A (en) * | 1987-05-28 | 1988-11-30 | Univ Surrey | In-situ measurement of the strength of adhesion to surfaces |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CS260020B1 (en) | 1988-11-15 |
| BG46871A1 (en) | 1990-03-15 |
| DE3426572C2 (en) | 1986-08-28 |
| FR2553197A1 (en) | 1985-04-12 |
| GB2147704B (en) | 1987-10-21 |
| GB8423490D0 (en) | 1984-10-24 |
| FR2553197B3 (en) | 1986-02-14 |
| CS622084A1 (en) | 1987-06-11 |
| DE3426572A1 (en) | 1985-04-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |