GB2138864A - Roller drill bits - Google Patents
Roller drill bits Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2138864A GB2138864A GB08311595A GB8311595A GB2138864A GB 2138864 A GB2138864 A GB 2138864A GB 08311595 A GB08311595 A GB 08311595A GB 8311595 A GB8311595 A GB 8311595A GB 2138864 A GB2138864 A GB 2138864A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- tip
- diamond compact
- diamond
- set forth
- compact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
- E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
- E21B10/5673—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts having a non planar or non circular cutting face
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/50—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of roller type
- E21B10/52—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of roller type with chisel- or button-type inserts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
An insert 6 for a roller drill bit includes a body 10 made of a hard metal, and a diamond compact 11 embedded in the body 10 and having an exposed portion extending across the end face of the body 10. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Tips for bits in a boring device
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention:
This invention relates to tips for bits or cutters in a boring device which is used for drilling a deep hole such as an oil well, in the ground, or obtaining a geological sample of the soil for a survey of the strata under the ground.
2. Description of the Prior Art:
Bits of the type to which this invention relates are shown by way of example in Fig.
1, the bits of which having been in the commercial market by Smith Tools Company,
Hughes Tool Company or Varel Manufacturing
Company. The bits 1 are attached rotatably by bearings 4 to the lower ends of two or three cutter branches 3 projecting from a cutter body 2 symmetrically relative to its longitudinal axis. The cutter body 2 is adapted for connection with a drill pipe. The bits 1 are forced through a well to carry out the drilling work. As a strong impact and a heavy friction are applied to tip blades on the bits, the heat of friction is accumulated in the bits. Therefore, water is supplied to the bits through the drill pipe to remove the heat therefrom. The borings are discharged through the space between the outer surface of the drill pipe and the bore wall.
Fig. 2 shows a tip 6 secured to the shank 5 of a bit 1, and having a blade 7 which cuts the wall of a bore or its bottom 8. The blade 7 has a ridge 9 which is subjected to a heavy friction as it is urged against the bottom 8 of the bore by the pressure transmitted from a source on the ground.
The conventional tips are made of a hard metal obtained by sintering a mixture of a powder of hard particles such as of tungsten or titanium carbide with a powder of a metal of the iron group such as nickel or cobalt, or such an alloy in which diamond particles are dispersed, or diamond particles per se. The hard metal is tough, since it has a structure in which the hard particles are bonded together by the binder metal such as nickel or cobalt, but it is inferior to diamond in hardness.
Diamond is hard, but low in impact resistance. The harder the material, the higher it is in wear resistance. The wear of the hard metal starts to occur in the binder metal, whether it may contain diamond particles or not, and its chipping becomes serious with the separation of hard particles. The application of an impact to diamond gives rise to its gradual chipping.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art and provide an improved tip for a bit in a boring device. This object is attained by a tip which comprises a body made of a hard metal, and a man-made diamond compact embedded in the body so that it may be exposed along the top of a ridge and along the entire length of the ridge.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional bit for a boring device;
Figure 2 is an enlarged view taken in the direction of an arrow in Fig. 1, and showing the relationship of the bit, tip and bore wall;
Figures 3 to 5 show a tip embodying this invention in front elevation, side elevation and bottom plan, respectively;
Figures 6 to 8 show another tip embodying this invention in front elevation, side elevation and bottom plan, respectively;
Figure 9 is a side elevational view of the diamond compact employed in the tip shown in Figs. 6 to 8;
Figure 10 is a bottom plan view of still another tip embodying this invention;
Figure 11 is a side elevational view of the diamond compact employed in the tip shown in Fig. 10; and
Figures 12 and 13 are bottom plan views of further embodiments of this invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRE
FERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring first to Figs. 3 to 5 of the drawings, a tip 6 embodying this invention comprises a generally cylindrical body 10 formed from a hard metal, and having a symmetrical roof-shaped end which defines a ridge 9 in its center. The hard metal is of the type which has hereinbefore been described. A generally
T-shaped diamond compact 11 is embedded in the roof-shaped end of the body 10, and exposed in a blade 7 and along the entire length of the ridge 9.
Referring to Figs. 6 to 9, a tip 6 according to another embodiment of this invention comprises a generally cylindrical body 10 formed from a hard metal, and having a spherical end surface. A diamond compact 11 is embedded diametrically in the spherical end of the body 10, and exposed in such a way that it may form a straight line when viewed in bottom plan, as shown in Fig. 8. The diamond compact 11 is a part-circular member as shown in
Fig. 9, and has a radius which is equal to that of the spherical surface of the body 10, so that it may not project therefrom.
In practice, a plurality of these tips are attached to the shank of a bit in such a manner that their diamond compacts 11 may lie in parallel to the direction of rotation of the bit.
Different forms of tips embodying this invention are shown in Figs. 10 to 1 3. The bore drilled by the bit does not always have a flat bottom surface. If the bore has a stepped bottom surface, some of the tips are required to cut a vertical surface of a stepped portion.
In such a case, the body 10 of the tip is likely to get worn by friction if the diamond compact 11 js provided only along the ridge 9.
This problem is solved by the tips shown in
Figs. 10 to 13. The tip 6 shown in Fig. 10 has additional diamond compacts 1 2 embedded in the hard metal at right angles to the diamond compact 11. The diamond compacts 1 2 are shown in side elevation in Fig.
11. Figs. 1 2 and 1 3 show a greater number of additional diamond compacts 1 2 which are radially disposed.
According to this invention, a diamond compact or compacts are embedded when the body is made of the powder of the hard metal, and the assembly is sintered in a customary way.
According to the tip of this invention, the heavy friction to which the blade 7 and the ridge 9 are subjected as a result of the pressure being applied therethrough to the bottom of the bore being drilled is borne by the diamond compact 11, or compacts 11 and 1 2 so that the hard metal body 10 may be protected against any substantial wear. The hard metal body 10 is sufficiently tough to absorb any impact arising during the drilling operation to protect the diamond compact or compacts 11 and 12. The tip of this invention, therefore, has a longer life than any conventional tip. The tip of this invention is particularly beneficial for use in a bit area having a relatively small radius of rotation where the tip is subjected to a friction rather than an impact.
Claims (6)
1. A tip for a bit in a boring device, comprising a body made of a hard metal, and a diamond compact embedded in said body and having an exposed portion extending from a blade along the entire length of a ridge defined adjacent to said blade at one end of said body.
2. A tip as set forth in claim 1, wherein said diamond compact forms a straight line along said ridge when viewed from below said end of said body.
3. A tip as set forth in claim 2, further including a pair of additional diamond compacts disposed at right angles to said first mentioned diamond compact.
4. A tip as set forth in claim 2, further including a plurality of additional diamond compacts disposed radially relative to said first mentioned diamond compact.
5. A tip as set forth in claim 1, wherein said diamond compact is generally T-shaped when viewed from below said end of said body.
6. A tip as set forth in claim 1, wherein said diamond compact is embedded in said body when said body is made of the powder of said metal, the assembly of said body and said compact being thereafter sintered in a customary manner.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB08311595A GB2138864B (en) | 1983-04-28 | 1983-04-28 | Roller drill bits |
AU14070/83A AU559652B2 (en) | 1983-04-28 | 1983-04-29 | Tips for bits |
FR8307429A FR2545530B1 (en) | 1983-04-28 | 1983-05-04 | ADD-ON BITS FOR BITS OF A DRILLING DEVICE |
DE3318100A DE3318100C1 (en) | 1983-04-28 | 1983-05-18 | Cylindrical cutting insert for rock drill bits |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB08311595A GB2138864B (en) | 1983-04-28 | 1983-04-28 | Roller drill bits |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8311595D0 GB8311595D0 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
GB2138864A true GB2138864A (en) | 1984-10-31 |
GB2138864B GB2138864B (en) | 1986-07-30 |
Family
ID=10541836
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB08311595A Expired GB2138864B (en) | 1983-04-28 | 1983-04-28 | Roller drill bits |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU559652B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3318100C1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2545530B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2138864B (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2204625A (en) * | 1987-05-13 | 1988-11-16 | Reed Tool Co | Improvements in or relating to rotary drill bits |
EP0453426A1 (en) * | 1990-04-19 | 1991-10-23 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Diamond rock tools for percussive and rotary crushing rock drilling |
GB2256666A (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1992-12-16 | Total Sa | Drill bit with rotary conical rolling bit elements |
US5217081A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1993-06-08 | Sandvik Ab | Tools for cutting rock drilling |
US5248006A (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1993-09-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Rotary rock bit with improved diamond-filled compacts |
US5264283A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1993-11-23 | Sandvik Ab | Diamond tools for rock drilling, metal cutting and wear part applications |
US5273125A (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1993-12-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Fixed cutter bit with improved diamond filled compacts |
US5335738A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1994-08-09 | Sandvik Ab | Tools for percussive and rotary crushing rock drilling provided with a diamond layer |
US5417475A (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1995-05-23 | Sandvik Ab | Tool comprised of a holder body and a hard insert and method of using same |
FR2735522A1 (en) * | 1995-06-16 | 1996-12-20 | Total Sa | MONOBLOCK DRILLING TOOL SIZE |
EP0692607A3 (en) * | 1994-06-16 | 1997-09-10 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Tool component with abrasive compact |
WO1997035091A1 (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1997-09-25 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Roller cone gage surface cutting elements with multiple ultra hard cutting surfaces |
US5718948A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1998-02-17 | Sandvik Ab | Cemented carbide body for rock drilling mineral cutting and highway engineering |
BE1010218A5 (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1998-04-07 | Baker Hughes Inc | Element polycrystalline diamond cutting. |
US5837071A (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1998-11-17 | Sandvik Ab | Diamond coated cutting tool insert and method of making same |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4592433A (en) * | 1984-10-04 | 1986-06-03 | Strata Bit Corporation | Cutting blank with diamond strips in grooves |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2060735A (en) * | 1979-10-16 | 1981-05-07 | Christensen Inc | Improvements in diamond drill bits for drilling bore holes in earth formations |
GB2096669A (en) * | 1981-04-11 | 1982-10-20 | Christensen Inc | Cutting member for rotary drill bits |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2579268A (en) * | 1946-12-27 | 1951-12-18 | Malherbe Johannes Andrea Smuts | Rock drill bit having hard inserts forming cutting edges |
FR1006219A (en) * | 1947-12-05 | 1952-04-21 | Sharpener with extra hard insert | |
FR986125A (en) * | 1948-05-13 | 1951-07-27 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Tungsten carbide cutting tool bit |
FR78510E (en) * | 1960-10-10 | 1962-08-03 | Europ De Turboforage Soc | Drill bit for soil drilling |
US3168925A (en) * | 1963-04-26 | 1965-02-09 | Ingersoll Rand Co | Cutting inserts for rock drill bits |
US3311181A (en) * | 1964-05-04 | 1967-03-28 | John B Fowler | Bi-metal drilling tooth |
US3693736A (en) * | 1969-09-04 | 1972-09-26 | Mission Mfg Co | Cutter insert for rock bits |
DE7607860U1 (en) * | 1976-03-13 | 1976-09-02 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | TOOL EQUIPPED WITH CUTTING PINS AND DRIVE PINS FOR REMOVING ROCKS AND MINERALS |
FR2375428A1 (en) * | 1976-05-19 | 1978-07-21 | Creusot Loire | Rotated monoblock diamond cutter head for hole boring - penetrates soft and medium hard rock at high speed |
US4109737A (en) * | 1976-06-24 | 1978-08-29 | General Electric Company | Rotary drill bit |
US4148368A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1979-04-10 | Smith International, Inc. | Rock bit with wear resistant inserts |
ZA782286B (en) * | 1978-04-21 | 1979-10-31 | Christensen Inc | Abrasive bodies |
FR2423626B1 (en) * | 1978-04-21 | 1985-11-29 | Christensen Inc Norton | ROTARY DRILL BIT FOR DEEP DRILLING |
US4199035A (en) * | 1978-04-24 | 1980-04-22 | General Electric Company | Cutting and drilling apparatus with threadably attached compacts |
AT376765B (en) * | 1978-05-16 | 1984-12-27 | Guergen Karlheinz | INTERCHANGEABLE DRILL BIT FOR ONE STONE DRILL DRILL AND DRILL BIT APPLICABLE TO ALL STONES |
ZA794097B (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1980-11-26 | Gen Electric | Cutter shapes for rock drilling with drag bits |
GB2041427B (en) * | 1978-11-01 | 1982-08-18 | Nl Industries Inc | Insert for tool wear surfaces and method of manufacture |
ZA806249B (en) * | 1979-11-19 | 1982-01-27 | Gen Electric | Compacts for diamond drill and saw applications |
US4359335A (en) * | 1980-06-05 | 1982-11-16 | Smith International, Inc. | Method of fabrication of rock bit inserts of tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt (Co) with cutting surface wear pad of relative hardness and body portion of relative toughness sintered as an integral composite |
DE3111156C1 (en) * | 1981-03-21 | 1983-04-14 | Christensen, Inc., 84115 Salt Lake City, Utah | Cutting element for rotary drill bits for deep drilling in earth formations |
-
1983
- 1983-04-28 GB GB08311595A patent/GB2138864B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-29 AU AU14070/83A patent/AU559652B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-05-04 FR FR8307429A patent/FR2545530B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-18 DE DE3318100A patent/DE3318100C1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2060735A (en) * | 1979-10-16 | 1981-05-07 | Christensen Inc | Improvements in diamond drill bits for drilling bore holes in earth formations |
GB2096669A (en) * | 1981-04-11 | 1982-10-20 | Christensen Inc | Cutting member for rotary drill bits |
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2204625A (en) * | 1987-05-13 | 1988-11-16 | Reed Tool Co | Improvements in or relating to rotary drill bits |
EP0291314A2 (en) * | 1987-05-13 | 1988-11-17 | Reed Tool Company Limited | Cutting structure and rotary drill bit comprising such a structure |
EP0291314A3 (en) * | 1987-05-13 | 1989-09-20 | Reed Tool Company Limited | Cutting structure and rotary drill bit comprising such a structure |
EP0453426A1 (en) * | 1990-04-19 | 1991-10-23 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Diamond rock tools for percussive and rotary crushing rock drilling |
US5154245A (en) * | 1990-04-19 | 1992-10-13 | Sandvik Ab | Diamond rock tools for percussive and rotary crushing rock drilling |
US5217081A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1993-06-08 | Sandvik Ab | Tools for cutting rock drilling |
US5335738A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1994-08-09 | Sandvik Ab | Tools for percussive and rotary crushing rock drilling provided with a diamond layer |
US5718948A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1998-02-17 | Sandvik Ab | Cemented carbide body for rock drilling mineral cutting and highway engineering |
US5624068A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1997-04-29 | Sandvik Ab | Diamond tools for rock drilling, metal cutting and wear part applications |
US5264283A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1993-11-23 | Sandvik Ab | Diamond tools for rock drilling, metal cutting and wear part applications |
US5496638A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1996-03-05 | Sandvik Ab | Diamond tools for rock drilling, metal cutting and wear part applications |
US5248006A (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1993-09-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Rotary rock bit with improved diamond-filled compacts |
US5273125A (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1993-12-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Fixed cutter bit with improved diamond filled compacts |
GB2256666B (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1995-04-26 | Total Sa | Drill bit with rotary conical rolling bit element |
GB2256666A (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1992-12-16 | Total Sa | Drill bit with rotary conical rolling bit elements |
US5417475A (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1995-05-23 | Sandvik Ab | Tool comprised of a holder body and a hard insert and method of using same |
BE1010218A5 (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1998-04-07 | Baker Hughes Inc | Element polycrystalline diamond cutting. |
US5837071A (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1998-11-17 | Sandvik Ab | Diamond coated cutting tool insert and method of making same |
US6051079A (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 2000-04-18 | Sandvik Ab | Diamond coated cutting tool insert |
EP0692607A3 (en) * | 1994-06-16 | 1997-09-10 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Tool component with abrasive compact |
WO1997000372A1 (en) * | 1995-06-16 | 1997-01-03 | Total | Integral drilling tool bit |
FR2735522A1 (en) * | 1995-06-16 | 1996-12-20 | Total Sa | MONOBLOCK DRILLING TOOL SIZE |
US5823277A (en) * | 1995-06-16 | 1998-10-20 | Total | Cutting edge for monobloc drilling tools |
WO1997035091A1 (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1997-09-25 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Roller cone gage surface cutting elements with multiple ultra hard cutting surfaces |
GB2321265A (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1998-07-22 | Dresser Ind | Roller cone gage surface cutting elements with multiple ultra hard cutting surfaces |
GB2321265B (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 2000-04-12 | Dresser Ind | Roller cone gage surface cutting elements with multiple ultra hard cutting surfaces |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU559652B2 (en) | 1987-03-19 |
FR2545530B1 (en) | 1986-04-11 |
GB8311595D0 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
GB2138864B (en) | 1986-07-30 |
FR2545530A1 (en) | 1984-11-09 |
DE3318100C1 (en) | 1984-11-15 |
AU1407083A (en) | 1984-11-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19950428 |