GB2129455A - Shampoo - Google Patents

Abstract

A hair conditioning shampoo based on anionic washing active substances and containing from 0.1 to 4% by weight of a polycationic guar derivative, from 0.5% to 5% by weight of a hardenable cationic polycondensation product, from 1 to 4% by weight of a hydrophilic fatty acid ester and from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of a polyvinyl pyrrolidone gives particularly good wet-combability values and improves the hair-cosmetic properties of hair after drying.

Description

SPECIFICATION Shampoo The present invention relates to hair-conditioning shampoos and body-washing preparations.

After washing the hair with a shampoo, shower or bath preparation based on synthetic anionic surfactants, it is often in a cosmetically unsatisfactory state. When wet, it is difficult to comb and feels dull. After drying, the washed hair tends to develop a static charge, resulting in the well-known "flying away" of freshly washed hair. In addition freshly washed hair often lacks lustre. To overcome these defects conditioning preparations are often applied to hair after washing or shampooing. The preparations in question are mostly rinses or cream-like lotions containing cation-active (cationic) surfactants. It is also known that certain substances may be added to ordinary shampoos to obtain some conditioning effect when the hair is washed.Substances of the type in question include, for example, water-soluble proteins or protein degradation products, poly-cationic polymers, for example amino polycarbamide resins of the type described in DE-OS No. 2,150,899, polycationic cellulose derivatives of the type described in US-PS No. 3,81 6,616 or polycationic guar derivatives of the type described in US-PS 4,292,212. Many other water-soluble polymers containing cationic or quaternary ammonium groups have been proposed for this purpose.

One disadvantage common to all known hair-conditioning additives is that their effect is at least partly reduced when they are used in anion-active(anionic) hair washing preparations. Products having a particularly strong effect often show excessive absorption to the hair and, as a result, reduce the elasticity, body and set of the dried hair.

The present invention aims to provide a shampoo formulation based on the well-known, heavily foaming anionic washing-active substances which, through the presence of suitable hair-reviving additives, enables the hair to be readily combed when wet and also leaves the dry hair with satisfactory cosmetic properties, including in particular elasticity, body, sheen and set.

We have now found that the hair-care properties of a shampoo based on anionic washing-active substances may be improved particularly effectively by adding to the shampoo a combination of a polycationic guar derivative, a hardenable cationic polycondensation product, a hydrophilic fatty acid ester and a water-soluble polyvinyl pyrrolidone.Accordingly, the present invention relates to a hairconditioning shampoo based on an aqueous solution of anionic washing-active substances which contains from 0.1 to 4% by weight of 3-(trimethylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl guar chloride, from 0.5 to 5% by weight of a readily water-soluble, hardenable polycondensation product of a water-soluble polyamine containing reactive amino groups and polyalkylene oxide radicals and epichlorohydrin or compounds containing more than one epoxide group and/or halohydrin group in the molecule, from 1 to 4% by weight of an esterification product of an ethylene oxide adduct of glycerol and 4 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 to 2 moles of a C8-C18-fatty acid, and from 0.1 to 1% by weight of a polyvinyl pyrrolidone having an average molecular weight of at least 10,000.

The 3-(trimethylamino)-2-hydroxy propyl guar chloride may be a cationic guar derivative such as is known from US-PS No. 3,589,978.

The products described therein contain as their basic unit two mannose units attached by a glucosidic bond and one galactose unit attached to one of the hydroxyl groups of the mannose units. On average, each of the hexose rings carries three free hydroxyl groups. These free hydroxyl groups are reacted with reactive quaternary ammonium compounds to give the cationic polymers. A preferred cationic polymer for use in the shampoo according to the invention is commercially available under the name "Cosmedia (Registered Trade Mark) - Guar C 261".

The readily water-soluble, hardenable polycondensation products of water-soluble polyamines containing reactive amino groups and polyalkylene oxide radicals and epichlorohydrin or compounds containing more than one epoxide and/or halohydrin group in the molecule are known from DE-PS No.

2,363,871. Of the cationic polycondensation products described therein, the polycondensate produced as product F of the above-mentioned patent is particularly suitable for use in the production of the hairconditioning shampoos according to the present invention. One product of this type is commercially available for example under the name of Polyquart (Registered Trade Mark) H.

The esterification products of ethylene oxide adducts of glycerol and 4 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 to 2 moles of a C8C,8-fatty acid are known from DE-AS No. 2,024,051. Of the esterification products mentioned therein, a partial ester obtained by the addition of 7.4 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of glycerol, followed by the esterification of 1 mole of the resulting adduct with 1 mole of C8Ca8 coconut oil fatty acid, is particularly suitable for use in the hair-conditioning shampoos according to the present invention. A product having this composition is commercially available for example under the name of Cetiol HE (Registered Trade Mark).

Polyvinyl pyrrolidones having an average molecular weight in the range of 10,000 to 70,000 are commercially available for example under the names Kollidon (Registered Trade Mark) and Luviskol (Registered Trade Mark).

Polyvinyl pyrrolidones having an average molecular weight of approximately 40,000 corresponding to a K-value of approximately 30 are particularly suitable for the production of the hair conditioning shampoos according to the present invention.

The concentration of the above mentioned mixture of conditioning agents in the final shampoo preferably ranges from 1.714% by weight, and a range from 28% by weight is especially preferred.

The ratio of the various conditioning agents mentioned above may vary. Generally, the ratio will be about 1 part of the guar derivative to 0.5-4 parts of Polyquart H to 0.5-4 parts of Cetiol HE to 0.15-0.5 parts of PVP.

The hair conditioning shampoos according to the present invention preferably contain as watersoluble anionic washing-active substances alkali metal, magnesium, ammonium and/or C2-C3 alkanolammonium salts of alkyl sulphuric acid semi-esters containing from 8 to 1 8 and preferably from 12 to 1 6 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical or such salts of alkyl polyglycol ether sulphuric acid semiesters containing from 8 to 1 8 and preferably from 12 to 1 6 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and from 1 to 6 glycol ether groups in the molecule.Other suitable anionic washing-active substances are primary and secondary linear alkane sulphonates containing from 10 to 1 8 carbon atoms, alkene sulphonates and hydroxy alkane sulphonates of the type obtained in the sulphonation of olefins containing from 10 to 1 8 carbon atoms, C8-C18 fatty acid alkylol amide polyglycol ether sulphates, C8-C18 fatty acid monoglyceride sulphates, sulphosuccinic acid monoalkyl esters containing from 8 to 18 carbons in the alkyl group or dialkyl esters containing from 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups, alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylates containing from 8 to 1 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 2 to 6 polyglycol ether groups in the molecule and acyl sarcosines, acyl taurides and acylisethionates containing from 8 to 1 8 carbon atoms in the acyl group.

In general, the concentration of anionic surfactants in the shampoo may range from about 5 to about 50% by weight; a preferred range is about 8 to about 30% by weight.

A preferred anionic surfactant comprises a mixture of sodium lauryl polyglycol ether sulphate and fatty alcohol sulphate in a ratio of about 2:1 to 1:1 by weight. The fatty alcohol sulphate preferably contains an alcohol moiety with about 1 1 4 carbon atoms, preferably 12-14 carbon atoms. The ratio of the total amount of anionic surfactants present to the mixture of conditioning agents may vary from about 10:1 to 1 :1, preferably from 2.5:1 to 1.5:1.

In addition, the hair-conditioning shampoos according to the present invention may contain standard or conventional additives and set-up agents, such as for example thickeners of the C8-C18 fatty acid alkylolamide type, opacifiers, for example of the ethylene glycol distearate type, pH-stabilisers, such as alkali or ammonium phosphates or citrates, preservatives, such as formaldehyde or p-hydroxy benzoic acid esters, dyes, fragrances and known hair-cosmetic active substances, such as anti-dandruff agents or sebostatics.

Hair-conditioning shampoos in accordance with the present invention are distinguished by an unexpectedly marked improvement in the hair-conditioning properties of hair washed with them. For example, the so-called wet combability of the hair conditioning shampoos according to the present invention is considerably improved in relation to shampoos containing only one of the conditioning components, e.g. Cosmedia Guar C 261. This is the more surprising as the other stipulated ingredients have little or no influence on wet-combability themselves. Similar surprising synergistic effects can be observed if the parameters sheen, feel, and antistatic properties, the so-called "conditioning effect" are investigated.

Also the feel (elasticity) and sheen of the dry hair are improved by the shampoos according to the present invention to a greater extent than with conventional shampoos containing for example only one of the components required in accordance with the present invention. Finally, the tendency of the hair to develop an electrostatic charge after drying is considerably reduced by using the conditioning shampoo according to the present invention. The hair tends less to "fly away", can be combed more easily and retains its shape for longer periods.

The invention may be put into practice in various ways, and a number of specific embodiments will be described to illustrate the invention with reference to the accompanying examples, some of which are conventional shampoo formulations which are given by way of comparison.

Shampoo formulations according to the invention (Examples 1 to 3) are comparatively tested with analogous shampoo formulations containing none (Example 10) or only part (Examples 4 to 9) of the necessary components of shampoos according to the present invention.

The formulations of the Examples are set out in Tables 1 and 2.

TABLE 1 Example 1 2 3 4 5 Fatty alcohol (C12-14) glycol ether sulphate sodium salt 5.5 10 5.5 5.5 5.5 Fatty alcohol (C12-14) sulphate monoethanol ammonium salt 4.5 - 4.5 4.5 4.5 Ethylene glycol distearate (20% dispersion in alkyl ether sulphate solution) 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Cosmedia guarC261(1) 2.0 2.0 0.8 - Polyquart H81 (2) 1.0 3.0 2.5 - 2.5 Cetiol HE (3) 1.5 1.0 2.5 1.5 Luviskol K 30 (4) 0.6 0.6 0.4 - - Perfume oil 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Preservative (Bronidox L5) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Citric acid 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Water 78.5 79.0 79.4 83.6 83.6 TEST 1(5) 26% 25% 27% 95% 70% TABLE 2 Example 6 7 8 9 10 Fatty alcohol (C12-14)-poly (2EO) glycol ether sulphate sodium salt 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Fatty alcohol (C,214) sulphate monoethanol ammonium salt 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Ethylene glycol distearate (20% dispersion in alkyl ether sulphate solution) 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Cosmedia guar C 261 (1) 1.5 - 1.2 - Polyquart H 81 (2) - - - 2.0 Cetiol HE (3) - - 2.- 2.- Luviskol K30 (4) - 0.5 0.6 0.6 - Perfume oil 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Preservative (Bronidox L5) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Citric acid 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Water 84.4 85.0 81.8 81.0 85.6 TEST 1(5) 35% 110% 31% 75% 100% Notes on Table 1 and Table 2 (1) Guar-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride (CTFA) name is Guar Hydroxypropyl triammonium chloride).

(2) Polyglycol polyamine condensation resin.

(3) Polyethylene glycol (7.5) glyceryl monococate.

(4) Polyvinyl pyrrolidone having an average molecule weight of 40,000.

(5) The value given for test 1 is the resistance to wet combing in % of the value obtained after washing with a sodium lauryl ether sulphate solution.

Cosmedia, Polyquart, Cetiol, Luviskol and Bronidox are Registered Trade Marks.

Test 1 Determination of wet-combability (laboratory test).

Wet-combability was determined by measuring the resistance to combing i.e. the force required to draw a comb through a tuft of hair. A modified tensile testing machine (type 1402 as manufactured by the Zwick Company of Einsingen uber Ulm/Danube) was used. The test arrangement is described in "Riechstoffe, Aromen, Kosmetika, No. 12, 1977, page 325, columns 2 and 3.

Standardised strands of hair which had been predamaged by bleaching and permanent-waving under defined conditions were used. They were washed with the shampoos set out in Tables 1 and 2, in hand-warm water and rinsed with clear water.

In order to minimise error, the resistance to combing was determined 1 5 times with each of the shampoos to be tested and the average values calculated. The average combing resistance values are quoted as a percent of the blank value. The blank value was determined after shampooing with an aqueous solution containing 10% by weight of sodium lauryl ether diethenoxy sulphate and rinsing with clear water.

Test 2 Testing of hair-cosmetic properties (Salon test).

The testing and assessment of the hair-cosmetic properties were carried out on 10 test subjects differing from one another in the quality of their hair using the so-called half-side test. The test was carried out by a trained hairdresser. The half-side test is used for the comparative testing of two hair treatment preparations or one hair treatment preparation and one standard on test subjects. In the present tests, the hair shampoo of Example 1 according to the present invention was used as the standard. The comparison marks given in Table 3 are a measure of the extent to which the hair shampoos of Examples 4 to 10 differ from the assessment of the shampoo of Example 1.

Procedure and Evaluation The hair of the test subjects was wetted and parted in the middle. The standard shampoo was applied to the left-hand half of the heads of 5 of the test subjects and the comparison shampoo to the right-hand half in equal quantities of 5 g in each case (pre-wash). In the case of the other 5 test subjects, the other half of their heads was treated with the same product. Both sides were shampooed in the same way and rinsed with water For the main wash, the shampoos were applied once again to the same half of the head in quantities of 2.5 g, rubbed in to form a lather and thoroughly rinsed out with clear water.

During and after washing, the criteria set out in Table 2 below were separately assessed by the hairdresser for each of the two sides.

Assessment was carried out by the awarding of marks (1 a excellent, 2 good, 3 ~ moderate, 4 e poor). From the marks awarded for the 10 test subjects, the average values were calculated for the same product. The average values for the standard product were subtracted from the average values for the comparison product. The pair difference thus obtained in the average values of the assessments of 10 test subjects is shown in Table 3 below.

Result: The comparison shampoos were all judged to be poorer in their hair-cosmetic properties than the standard shampoo (the shampoo of Example 1 according to the present invention).

TABLE 3 Comparison with the Shampoo of Example 1 (pair difference) Salon Tests Example Wet Hair Dry Hair (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 4 -1.2 -0.9 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 5 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3 -0.4 -0.3 6 -0.4 -0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.2 7 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.3 -0.5 8 -0.4 -0.5 -0.1 -0.5 -0.4 9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.3 -0.3 +0 10 -1.2 -0.8 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 Notes on Table 3 (1) Combability.

(2) Feel.

(3) Antistatic.

(4) Feel (elasticity).

(5) Sheen.

Claims (15)

1. A hair conditioning shampoo comprising a water-soluble, anionic, detergent salt and a mixture of conditioning agents consisting of: as ingredient A, 3-(trimethylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl guar chloride, as ingredient B, a readily water-soluble, hardenable polycondensation product of water-soluble polyamines containing reactive amino groups and polyalkylene oxide radicals and epichlorohydrin or compounds containing more than one epoxide and/or halohydrin group in the molecule, as ingredient C, an esterification product of ethylene oxide adducts of glycerol and 4 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 to 2 moles of a C8-C18 fatty acid, and as ingredient D, a polyvinyl pyrrolidone having an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 70,000.

2. A hair conditioning shampoo comprising in an aqeuous medium 5% to 50% by weight of the water-soluble, anionic, detergent salt and 1.7% to 14% by weight of the mixture of conditioning agents.

3. A hair conditioning composition as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 containing 0.1% to 4% by weight of ingredient A.

4. A hair conditioning composition as claimed in Claims 1,2, or 3 containing 0.5% to 5% by weight of ingredient B.

5. A hair conditioning composition as claimed in Claims 1, 2, 3 or 4 containing 1% to 4% by weight of ingredient C.

6. A hair conditioning composition as claimed in Claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 containing 0.1% to 1% by weight of ingredient D.

7. A hair conditioning composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6 in which the weight ratio of (A):(B):(C):(D): is 1 :0.5:0.5-5:0.1 5-0.5

8. A hair conditioning composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7 in which the weight ratio of the detergent to the said conditioning mixture is from 10:1 to 1:1.

9. A hair conditioning shampoo comprising in an aqueous medium 5% to 50% by weight of a water-soluble, anionic, detergent salt and 1.7% to 14% by weight of a mixture of conditioning agents consisting of: (a) 0.1% to 4% by weight of 3-(trimethylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl guar chloride, (b) 0.5% to 5% by weight of a readily water-soluble, hardenable polycondensation product of water-soluble polyamines containing reactive amino groups and polyalkylene oxide radicals and epichlorohydrin or compounds containing more than one epoxide and/or halohydrin group in the molecule.

(c) 1% to 4% by weight of an esterification product of ethylene oxide adducts of glycerol and 4 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 to 2 moles of a C8C,8 fatty acid and (d) 0.1% to 1% by weight of an polyvinyl pyrrolidone having an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 70,000 the weight of (a):(b):(c):(d): being 1:0.5-4:0.5-5:0.15-0.5 and the weight ratio of detergent to the said conditioning mixture being from 10:1 to 1:1.

10. A shampoo as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 9 in which the detergent salt is an alkali metal, magnesium, ammonium or C2-C3 alkanolammonium salt or a C8-C18 alkyl sulphate, a C8-C18 alkyl polyglycol ether sulphate having 1 to 6 glycol ether groups in the molecule, a C 10-C18 alkane sulphonate, a C10-C18 olefin sulphonate, a C8-C18 fatty acid alkylolamide polyglycol ether sulphate, a C8-C18 fatty acid monoglyceride sulphate, a C8-C18 alkylsulphosuccinate, a C6-C10 dialkylsulphosuccinate, a C8-C18 alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylate having 2 to 6 polyglycol ether groups in the molecule, a C8C,8 acyl sarcosinate, a C8-C18 acyl taurides or a C8-C18 acyl isethionate or a mixture thereof.

11. A shampoo as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 10 in which 2% to 8% by weight of the said conditioning mixture is present.

12. A shampoo as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 11 in which the said anionic detergent is present in an amount of 8% to 30% by weight.

13. A shampoo as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 12 in which the weight ratio of the said detergent to the said mixture is from 2.5:1 to 1.5:1.

14. A shampoo as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 13 in which the detergent is a mixture of the said C8C,8 alkyl polyglycol ether sulphate and a C8C,8 alkyl sulphate in a ratio of 2:1 to 1:1 by weight.

15. A shampoo as claimed in Claim 1 substantially as specifically described herein with reference to any one of Examples 1 to 3.