GB2126910A - Mobile mixing device for explosives - Google Patents

Mobile mixing device for explosives Download PDF

Info

Publication number
GB2126910A
GB2126910A GB08319720A GB8319720A GB2126910A GB 2126910 A GB2126910 A GB 2126910A GB 08319720 A GB08319720 A GB 08319720A GB 8319720 A GB8319720 A GB 8319720A GB 2126910 A GB2126910 A GB 2126910A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
explosive
static mixer
mixing device
component
components
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08319720A
Other versions
GB8319720D0 (en
GB2126910B (en
Inventor
Pieter Stephanus Jaco Halliday
Jeremy Guy Breakwell Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AECI Ltd
Original Assignee
AECI Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AECI Ltd filed Critical AECI Ltd
Publication of GB8319720D0 publication Critical patent/GB8319720D0/en
Publication of GB2126910A publication Critical patent/GB2126910A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2126910B publication Critical patent/GB2126910B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/49—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/50—Mixing liquids with solids
    • B01F23/56—Mixing liquids with solids by introducing solids in liquids, e.g. dispersing or dissolving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/50—Mixing liquids with solids
    • B01F23/59—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/50—Movable or transportable mixing devices or plants
    • B01F33/502—Vehicle-mounted mixing devices
    • B01F33/5021—Vehicle-mounted mixing devices the vehicle being self-propelled, e.g. truck mounted, provided with a motor, driven by tracks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
    • C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/34—Mixing fuel and prill, i.e. water or other fluids mixed with solid explosives, to obtain liquid explosive fuel emulsions or slurries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/81—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

Mixing apparatus is mounted on a vehicle 12 and a method for mixing the components of a liquid explosive by means of at least one static mixer 28. A plurality of static mixers connected in series may also be arranged. All the constituent materials are carried on the vehicle and the resultant mixture discharged to a point of use by a pump 60. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Explosives mixing device This invention relates to an explosives mixing device. In particular it relates to a mobile explosives mixing device suitable for on-site mixing of emulsion explosives.
According to the invention, broadly there is provided a mobile explosives mixing device which includes at least one static mixer, for mixing the components of a liquid explosive, mounted on a vehicle.
The or each static mixer may be suitable for mixing the oxidizer component and the fuel component of an emulsion explosive.
The vehicle may be in the form of a truck, and the device may include a placer pump on the truck for pumping explosive from the static mixer(s) down a hole, and storage tanks on the truck for the oxidizer component and the fuel component respectively, each tank being provided with a discharge pump for pumping the associated component at a desired flow rate and pressure to the static mixer(s).
There may be a single static mixer, or several static mixers arranged in series. Downstream of the static mixer(s), which will be connected to the tanks by appropriate flow lines, there will be a discharge flow line provided with said placer pump.
The discharge pumps for the oxidizer and fuel component tanks should preferably be capable of forcing the components under turbulent flow conditions and pressures of about 1000 PSI (7 MPa) or more through the static mixer(s), to form a suitable emulsion.
The device may include at least two static mixers, one or a number of which can be connected in line in series between the storage tanks and the placer pump, in different combinations, so as, within limits, to be able to vary the emulsion properties of the emulsion explosive, such as droplet size, rheology, or the like, as requirements in this regard can vary from site to site, and also with the nature of the explosive used.
The component tanks may be insulated and be provided with heating means, and means may be provided downstream of the static mixer(s) for doping and blending the explosive with a sensitizer such as microballoons, gas bubbles, atomised aluminium, or the like, the means being located on the truck.
The means for doping and blending the explosive with the sensitizer may be a separate blender located upstream of the placer pump.
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing, which shows, schematically, in plan view outline, an explosives mixing device in accordance with the invention.
In the drawing, reference numeral 10 generally designates an explosives mixing device in accordance with the invention. The device comprises a truck 1 2 having a cab 13 and load bed 1 4 on which is mounted an oxidizing component storage tank 1 8 and a fuel component storage tank 1 6. The tanks 1 6, 1 8 have discharge flow lines respectively designated 20 and 22, and respectively provided with discharge pumps 24 and 26. The flow line 20 feeds into the inlet of a first static mixer 28 mounted on the load bed 14 of the truck. The flow line22 feeds into both the feed line 20 directly at the inlet of the first static mixer 28 and into a discharge flow line 30 leading from the first static mixer.Discharge flow line 30 leads to a further static mixer 42 mounted on the load bed 14. The static mixer 42 has a discharge flow line 44 which leads to a third static mixer 54 mounted on the load bed 14 and having a discharge flow line 56. The discharge flow line 56 discharges into a placer pump 60 having its own discharge flow line 62. A sensitizer storage hopper 64 is provided feeding via feed means 66 into the flow line 56 upstream of the pump 60. The feed means 66 feeds into the flow line 56 by means of a blender 68 for blending the sensitizer into the emulsion.
The tanks 1 6, 1 8 are provided with insulation and heating means (not shown).
It will be appreciated that, using appropriate fittings (not shown), such as valves, bypass flow lines, etc., the static mixer 28 alone can be placed in series between the tanks 1 6, 1 8 on the one hand, and the blender 68 on the other hand, or both the mixers 28, 42 can be placed in series between said tanks and blender, or indeed all three mixers 28, 42 and 54 can be placed in series between said tanks and blender, as desired.
It is contemplated that the static mixer 28 will be a coarse mixer, adapted to form a coarse emulsion. The mixers 42 and 54 will be progressively finer, so as to produce, when used, progressively finer emulsions. The pumps 24, 26 will have an output pressure of 1000 PSI (7 MPa) or more, and flows of from about 50 to about 80 kg/min (i.e. from about 0,8 to about 1,3 kg/s).
An example of a formulation which can be used by the device 10 is the following: Percentage Component by Mass Ammonium nitrate (oxidising salt) 58,17 Sodium nitrate (oxidising salt) 14,00 Calcium nitrate 3,47 Water 11,99 P95 fuel oil (paraffinic hydrocarbon fuel available from BP Southern Africa 2,00 (Proprietary) Limited) Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate emulsifier available from Atlas Oil 8 Chemical 0,70 Company (Proprietary) Limited) Soya lecithin 0,70 B246 (emulsifier available from Imperial Chemical Industries PLC - 0,30 Paints Division) SASOLWAKS M1 Paraffin wax, available from SASOL Marketing Company Limited 1,34 C15/50 microballoons (available from 3M (South Africa) (Proprietary) Limited) 2,44 Atomised Aluminium available from HULETTS SA (Pty) Limited 4,89 It is contemplated that ammonium nitrate and water, heated tankers. Sodium and calcium nitrate and any other oxidizer about 850C, will be transported to the site by insulated and heated tankers.
Sodium and calcium nitrate and any other oxidiser ingredients will be mixed on-site with the ammonium nitrate and water, in heated, stirred, insulated storage tanks, to form an oxidiser component. A fuel component comprising all the remaining constituents except for the microballoons and atomised aluminium, can similarly be mixed on-site, heated and stirred in insulated storage tanks, to form a fuel component. These extra storage tanks (not shown) can conveniently be mounted on the truck adjacent the tanks 16 and 18, being used respectively to fill the tanks 1 6 and 1 8. In the tanks 1 6 and 18, the temperatures of the components will be maintained, and when blasting holes are to be charged, the pumps 24, 26 and 60 will be operated to mix the components and place the explosive. The feed means 66 will be used to feed the microballoons and atomized aluminium, as a mixture, from hopper 64 to the emulsion, upstream of the pump 60, which emulsion is at 60-700C.
An advantage of the invention is its simplicity and versatility. The components required for the device are inexpensive, and substantially maintenance free. Safety is enhanced as the static mixers have no moving parts, and the device is versatile in that various combinations of static mixers can be used for controlling emulsion properties as described above. The device can therefore cater for many different applications, including the cartridging of explosives on-site.
The static mixers are convenient to mount on the truck, leading to a saving in space. All the components can thus be mounted in convenient and easily accessible positions on the truck load bed 14.

Claims (14)

1. A mobile explosives mixing device which includes at least one static mixer, for mixing the components of a liquid explosive, mounted on a vehicle.
2. A mixing device according to Claim 1, wherein the or each static mixer is suitable for mixing the oxidizer component and the fuel component of an emulsion explosive.
3. A mixing device according to Claim 2, wherein the vehicle is in the form of a truck and wherein the device includes a placer pump on the truck for pumping explosive from the static mixer(s) down a hole, and storage tanks on the truck for the oxidizer component and the fuel component respectively, each tank being provided with a discharge pump for pumping the associated component at a desired flow rate and pressure to the static mixer(s).
4. A mixing device according to Claim 3, which includes at least two static mixers, one or a number of which can be connected in-line in series between the storage tanks and the placer pump, in different combinations so as, within limits, to be able to vary the emulsion properties of the emulsion explosive.
5. A mixing device according to Claim 3 or Claim 4 wherein the component tanks are insulated and are provided with heating means, and wherein means are provided downstream of the static mixer(s) for doping and blending the explosive with a sensitizer, the means being located on the truck.
6. A mixing device according to Claim 5, wherein the means for doping and blending the explosive with the sensitizer is a separate blender located upstream of the placer pump.
7. A mobile explosives mixing device according to Claim 1 substantially as described and illustrated herein.
8. A method of preparing a liquid explosive wherein the components of said explosive are mixed by means of at least one static mixer mounted on a vehicle.
9. A method according to Claim 8 wherein the said components comprise the oxidizer component and the fuel component of an emulsion explosive.
10. A method according to Claim 9 wherein the said components are pumped to the static mixer(s) by means of discharge pumps from storage tanks containing the separate components and mounted on the vehicle, each tank being provided with a discharge pump.
11. A method according to Claim 10 wherein the said components are pumped to the static mixer(s) under turbulent flow conditions and pressures of 1000 PSI or more.
1 2. A method according to any one of Claims 9 to 11 inclusive wherein the oxidiser component comprises an aqueous solution of oxidising salt comprising ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate or a mixture of two or more of said nitrates, and the fuel component comprises fuel oil and emulsifier.
13. A method according to any one of Claims 8 to 1 2 inclusive wherein sensitiser is blended with the mixed explosive by blending means located on the vehicle.
14. A method of preparing a liquid explosive substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawing.
GB08319720A 1982-07-28 1983-07-21 Mobile mixing device for explosives Expired GB2126910B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA825426 1982-07-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8319720D0 GB8319720D0 (en) 1983-08-24
GB2126910A true GB2126910A (en) 1984-04-04
GB2126910B GB2126910B (en) 1986-04-16

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ID=25576184

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB08319720A Expired GB2126910B (en) 1982-07-28 1983-07-21 Mobile mixing device for explosives

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AU (1) AU551884B2 (en)
GB (1) GB2126910B (en)
NZ (1) NZ204932A (en)
ZW (1) ZW16283A1 (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0203230A1 (en) * 1985-05-24 1986-12-03 Ireco Incorporated Apparatus and method for manufacture and delivery of blasting agents
EP0236883A2 (en) * 1986-03-06 1987-09-16 Odenwaldwerke Rittersbach GmbH Fahrzeugbau und Katastrophenschutzsysteme Device for producing a detoxicating emulsion for combat agents
WO1992016345A1 (en) * 1991-03-14 1992-10-01 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process and device for producing a polyurethane reaction mixture
GB2264693A (en) * 1992-01-17 1993-09-08 Conoco Limited Metering of additives into fuels
GB2338429A (en) * 1998-03-02 1999-12-22 Exchem Plc Trailer mounted mixing apparatus for explosive emulsion of ammonium nitrate and gas oil
US7370565B2 (en) 2002-03-11 2008-05-13 Bae Systems Plc Apparatus for mixing explosive materials and for filling of ordnance
FR3000957A1 (en) * 2013-01-16 2014-07-18 Nitrates & Innovation MODULAR INSTALLATION FOR MANUFACTURING AN EXPLOSIVE EMULSION PRECURSOR
WO2016058157A1 (en) * 2014-10-16 2016-04-21 石家庄成功机电有限公司 Ground station for intrinsic safety-type latex matrix
EP3199509A4 (en) * 2014-09-26 2018-05-30 Shijiazhuang Success Machinery Electrical Co., Ltd. In-site explosive loading truck for intrinsic safety-type emulsion explosive
WO2021140297A1 (en) 2020-01-10 2021-07-15 Nitrates & Innovation Plant for preparing an explosive composition, and method for preparing an explosive composition

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4526633A (en) * 1982-11-08 1985-07-02 Ireco Incorporated Formulating and delivery system for emulsion blasting
IE55173B1 (en) * 1984-04-13 1990-06-20 Roadstone Dublin Ltd Ready mixed concrete delivery truck
AU602082B2 (en) * 1987-06-15 1990-09-27 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Mobile mixer

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1526322A (en) * 1975-07-19 1978-09-27 Bayer Ag Apparatus for the static mixing of flowable substances
GB1580788A (en) * 1976-04-20 1980-12-03 Bates P Concrete mixing

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1526322A (en) * 1975-07-19 1978-09-27 Bayer Ag Apparatus for the static mixing of flowable substances
GB1580788A (en) * 1976-04-20 1980-12-03 Bates P Concrete mixing

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0203230A1 (en) * 1985-05-24 1986-12-03 Ireco Incorporated Apparatus and method for manufacture and delivery of blasting agents
EP0236883A2 (en) * 1986-03-06 1987-09-16 Odenwaldwerke Rittersbach GmbH Fahrzeugbau und Katastrophenschutzsysteme Device for producing a detoxicating emulsion for combat agents
EP0236883A3 (en) * 1986-03-06 1989-05-10 Odenwaldwerke Rittersbach Kern + Grosskinsky Gmbh Device for producing a detoxicating emulsion for combat agents
WO1992016345A1 (en) * 1991-03-14 1992-10-01 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process and device for producing a polyurethane reaction mixture
US5382603A (en) * 1991-03-14 1995-01-17 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for the preparation of a polyurethane reaction mixture
GB2264693A (en) * 1992-01-17 1993-09-08 Conoco Limited Metering of additives into fuels
GB2338429A (en) * 1998-03-02 1999-12-22 Exchem Plc Trailer mounted mixing apparatus for explosive emulsion of ammonium nitrate and gas oil
US7370565B2 (en) 2002-03-11 2008-05-13 Bae Systems Plc Apparatus for mixing explosive materials and for filling of ordnance
AU2003214385B2 (en) * 2002-03-11 2008-10-16 Bae Systems Plc Apparatus for mixing explosive materials and for filling of ordnance
WO2014111644A1 (en) 2013-01-16 2014-07-24 Nitrates & Innovation Modular installation for the manufacture of an explosive emulsion precursor
FR3000957A1 (en) * 2013-01-16 2014-07-18 Nitrates & Innovation MODULAR INSTALLATION FOR MANUFACTURING AN EXPLOSIVE EMULSION PRECURSOR
EP2845844A2 (en) 2013-01-16 2015-03-11 Nitrates&Innovation Modular facility for producing an explosive emulsion precursor
EP2845844A3 (en) * 2013-01-16 2015-11-11 Nitrates&Innovation Modular facility for producing an explosive emulsion precursor
US9670107B2 (en) 2013-01-16 2017-06-06 Nitrates & Innovation Modular installation for the manufacture of an explosive emulsion precursor
EP3199509A4 (en) * 2014-09-26 2018-05-30 Shijiazhuang Success Machinery Electrical Co., Ltd. In-site explosive loading truck for intrinsic safety-type emulsion explosive
US10222190B2 (en) 2014-09-26 2019-03-05 Shijiazhuang Success Machinery Electrical Co., Ltd. Truck for loading emulsion explosive in field with intrinsic safety
WO2016058157A1 (en) * 2014-10-16 2016-04-21 石家庄成功机电有限公司 Ground station for intrinsic safety-type latex matrix
AU2014409009B2 (en) * 2014-10-16 2019-01-17 Shijiazhuang Success Machinery Electrical Co., Ltd. Ground station for intrinsic safety-type latex matrix
US10226745B2 (en) 2014-10-16 2019-03-12 Shijiazhuang Success Machinery Electrical Co., Ltd. Emulsion matrix ground station with intrinsic safety
WO2021140297A1 (en) 2020-01-10 2021-07-15 Nitrates & Innovation Plant for preparing an explosive composition, and method for preparing an explosive composition
FR3106073A1 (en) 2020-01-10 2021-07-16 Nitrates & Innovation Installation for the preparation of an explosive composition and process for the preparation of an explosive composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1692583A (en) 1984-02-02
AU551884B2 (en) 1986-05-15
NZ204932A (en) 1986-08-08
GB8319720D0 (en) 1983-08-24
GB2126910B (en) 1986-04-16
ZW16283A1 (en) 1984-03-07

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