GB2126526A - Heat-resistant laminate - Google Patents

Heat-resistant laminate Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2126526A
GB2126526A GB08225174A GB8225174A GB2126526A GB 2126526 A GB2126526 A GB 2126526A GB 08225174 A GB08225174 A GB 08225174A GB 8225174 A GB8225174 A GB 8225174A GB 2126526 A GB2126526 A GB 2126526A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
laminate
resin
felt
heat
layers
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Granted
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GB08225174A
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GB2126526B (en
Inventor
Ian Eddleston
Philip Laflin
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T&N Materials Research Ltd
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T&N Materials Research Ltd
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Priority to GB08225174A priority Critical patent/GB2126526B/en
Priority to FR8313912A priority patent/FR2532587B1/en
Priority to IT48900/83A priority patent/IT1168215B/en
Priority to DE19833331611 priority patent/DE3331611A1/en
Publication of GB2126526A publication Critical patent/GB2126526A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2126526B publication Critical patent/GB2126526B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B19/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
    • B32B19/02—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica the layer of fibres or particles being impregnated or embedded in a plastic substance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/04—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by at least one layer folded at the edge, e.g. over another layer ; characterised by at least one layer enveloping or enclosing a material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/593—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives to layered webs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L57/00—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear
    • F16L57/06—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear against wear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
    • F16L59/028—Composition or method of fixing a thermally insulating material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2311/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2311/10—Natural fibres, e.g. wool or cotton
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2709/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2703/00 - B29K2707/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2709/12—Asbestos
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0012—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
    • B29K2995/0015—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0012—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
    • B29K2995/0017—Heat stable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0087—Wear resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • B32B2262/065—Lignocellulosic fibres, e.g. jute, sisal, hemp, flax, bamboo
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A non-asbestos heat-resistant laminate comprises layers of vitreous fibre felt enclosing one or more layers of felt made from bast fibres such as jute, the layers being bonded together by a thermosetting resin which has been heat-set under pressure. The laminate has insulating capacity and resistance to erosion by high-velocity hot gases comparable to the insulating capacity and the erosion resistance of laminate based on asbestos felt.

Description

SPECIFICATION Heat-resistant laminate This invention relates to a heat-resistant laminate.
One widely used form of heat-resistant laminate is made from a felt of asbestos fibres, a felt being a mat of randomly intertwined fibres or filaments. This known laminate is made by impregnating the asbestos felt with a thermosetting resin (in particular, a thermosetting phenolformaldehyde resin), and heating under pressure a number of superimposed sheets of the impregnated felt to form a laminate in which the asbestos fibres are bonded together by cured resin.
The present invention provides a heat-resistant laminate not based on asbestos fibre, but nevertheless of comparable insulating capacity and resistance to erosion by high-velocity hot gases. Further, the laminate requires no relatively expensive reinforcing fibre, such as carbon fibre or fibres of boron nitride or pure silica.
According to the invention a'heat-resistant laminate comprises layers of vitreous fibre felt enclosing one or more layers of bast fibre felt, the layers being bonded together by a thermosetting resin which has been heat-set under pressure.
The vitreous fibres of which the vitreous fibre felt is formed may be of soda-lime, low alkali borosilicate, mixed alkali aluminoborosilicate or magnesium alumino-silicate glass, or may be fibres of blown mineral wools made from molten metalliferous slags or molten rock such as basalt.
The vitreous fibre felt may be one made by laying down a bed of continuous filament in random array or by random laying of chopped continuous filament or blown fibres. The bed of fibres may for handling purposes be bonded at formation or shortly thereafter with up to about 5% by weight of an organic binder such as a phenol-formaldehyde resin, an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, an aqueous solution of polyvinylalcohol or aqueous solutions of natural gums and starchs. Alternatively a felt made by simple mechanical bonding such as needlefelting may be employed, optionally with a reinforcing textile scrim to give sufficient strength to withstand the dipping, doctoring and precuring operations to be carried out subsequently.
Preferably the vitreous fibre felt is of E-glass multifilament ('strand'), particularly in the form of a needlefelt.
The bast fibres (i.e. cellulose fibres derived from the inner bark or leaves of plants) of which the bast fibre felt is formed may be of jute, sisal, hemp, flax, banana leaf, coconut, coir, or mixtures thereof.
The bast fibre felt may be one made by carding, garneting or air-laying the bast fibres, and bonding them at formation or shortly afterwards with a small proportion of an organic binder or one made by simple mechanical means such as needlefelting. Needlefelted waste jute fabric, which is commercially available as cheap carpet underlay, is very suitably used.
The thermosetting resin employed as binder in the laminate is suitably a phenol-formaldehyde resin, which may be derived from phenol itself or a substituted phenol such as a cresol, or a resin derived by reacting formaldehyde with a phenol-aralkyl resin (an aralkyl resin being one in which phenolic nuclei are linked together by aralkyl residues of the type~CH2~aryle- neCH2-), epoxy resins or furan resins. Preferred resins are resoles i.e. those obtained by condensation of a phenol with excess (greater than 1 molar proportion) of formaldehyde under alkaline conditions.
The cured resin suitably forms 30-60% (as dry solids) by weight of the heat-resistant laminate product.
To make the laminate an ordered stack of thermosetting-resin-impregnated layers of vitreous fibre felt and bast fibre felt is built up, and the stack is pressed at 1-1 5MPa pressure and 130-180 C for an appropriate time (usually 15-60 minutes) to cure the resin fully. The simplest ordering of the stack is V-B-V (where V = vitreous fibre felt and B = bast fibre felt), but more complex arrangements of 5 layers (e.g. V-B-V-B-V) or more can be employed if desired .
To assess the heat-resistant properties of the laminate we have used the following test procedure, which is a modified version (simplified, especially to reduce gas consumption) of the screening procedure described in ASTM E-285-70.
The apparatus employed comprises a BOC Sapphire DH oxyacetylene welding torch passing acetylene at 34 kPa and oxygen at 69 kPa through a size 25 lightweight swaged nozzle firmly clamped underneath one end of an extraction hood so that the flame is horizontal, and a specimen holder suitable for supporting the vertical edges of a 120 mm square specimen vertically mounted on a trolley movable on a track. The specimen is mounted so that the flame is incident centrally and perpendicular to the specimen, with the torch tip 14.5 mm from the specimen face. A Chromel-Alumel thermocouple brazed onto a copper disc of approximately 6 mm diameter is used with a pen-recorder to measure the back-face temperature and is held centrally on the specimen by a spring-loaded ceramic support.
The thickness at the centre of all specimens to be tested is measured and recorded.
(Specimens should be 4-5 mm thick x 120 x 120 mm.) A specimen of the material to be tested is firmly clamped onto the holder and the thermocouple is placed in position centrally on the back-face of the specimen. The trolley is then moved as far away from the welding torch as the length of track permits, and the torch is ignited. A safety screen is placed in front of the extraction hood. The trolley is quickly moved up to its stop, and the recorder and a stop watch are started up immediately the specimen is in position. To enable burn-through to be observed, and also to avoid damage to the thermocouple, the thermocouple is pulled away as soon as the back-face temperature begins to rise rapidly. Both recorder and stopwatch are stopped, and the specimen is removed from the flame immediately burn-through is seen.The time at burn-through is recorded and the corresponding insulation index and erosion rate are calculated.
Calculation of Results: (a) Insulation Index The insulation index for each specimen at temperature T is calculated by dividing the time for the back-face temperature to reach T by the original thickness of the specimen. That is: tT IT = ~~~~~~~ d Where:- IT = insulation index (sec/mm) at temperature T tT = time (seconds) for back-face to reach temperature T d = thickness of specimen (mm) (b) Erosion Rate The erosion rate for each specimen is calculated by dividing the original thickness of the specimen by the time to burn-through.
d E=~ tBT Where:- E= Erosion rate 4tm/sec) d = thickness of specimen (yam) taT = time to burn-through (sec) The invention will now be further illustrated by the following Example.
A commercially available needlefelted scrim-reinforced glass fabric made from chopped E-glass strand (fabric weight, 600 gm/m2 of the kind used in panel construction in the automotive and boat-building industries was cut into sheets measuring 200m x 200mm, and the sheets were immersed in an aqueous solution of a commercially available phenol-formaldehyde resole of the following properties: Solids content, 45% by weight; specific gravity, 1.14 at 25 C; viscosity, 25 centistokes (= 0.025 Pa s) at 25'C; pH, 8.6; gel time, 7-11 minutes at 130 C.
Sheets measuring 200 mm X 200 mm of commercially available needlefelted scrim-reinforced waste jute fabrice (weight, 680 gm/m2), of the kind used as domestic carpet underlay, were similarly impregnated with the phenol-formaldehyde resin.
Both types of impregnated sheet were squeezed between rollers to leave a content of resin solution amounting to 65% by weight of impregnated sheet. The sheets were then dried and heated (100 C for 20 minutes) in an air-circulating oven to part-cure the resin and reduce tackiness of permit easy handling.
A. Seven of the impregnated sheets (4 based on vitreous fibre, three based on the bast fibre) were then stacked one upon another in the order V-B-V-B-V-B-V, to form a seven-layer laminate, and the stack was press cured in a conventional press between platens set 4mm apart and heated to 150 C. The pressure employed was 7.6 MPa and the time of presscure was 30 minutes. The resulting rigid laminate, which was entirely free from warping, had a content of cured resin forming about 40% of its total weight. It had tensile strenath 63 MPa. tensile modulus 11.9 GPa, compressive strength 174 MPa and Izod impact strength 427 J/m. Its density was 1.55 gram/cc.
B. A 3-layer rigid warp-free laminate was similarly prepared from 7 impregnated sheets stacked in the order V-V-B-B-B-V-V. It had tensile strength 99MPa, tensile modulus 15.9 GPa, compressive strength 246MPa and Izod impact strength 381 J/m. Its density was 1.55 gram/cc.
Samples measuring 120 X 120 X 4 mm of the rigid laminates prepared according to A and B were submitted to the test procedure described earlier, and from the results the insulation index and erosion rate were calculated. They are shown in the table below, compared with the corresponding values obtained with 120 x 120 X 4mm samples of 1. The asbestos-based phenol-formaldehyde resin laminate which is commercially available under the name DURESTOS RA 1 (DURESTOS is a registered trade mark).
2. A laminate made from 7 phenol-formaldehyde-resin-impregnated sheets of the needlefelted glass fabric alone.
3. A laminate made from 7 phenol-formaldehyde-resin-impregnated sheets of the needlefelted jute fabric alone.
The table shows that the erosion rate of laminate prepared according to B is somewhat better than that of laminate prepared according to A. Both laminates are, in respect of useful properties, comparable to the known asbestos-based laminate and both are unexpectedly better than laminate prepared from felt of one type only (i.e. vitreous fibre felt alone or bast felt alone).
INSULATION Index (sec/mm) at Erosion Burn- Rate Material 60 C 80 C 100 C 180 C through jim/sec Asbestos/ Phenolic 4.5 5.5 6.6 11.0 15.5 60 Example A 5.4 6.1 6.9 9.4 15.0 72 Example B 7.2 8.7 9.7 12.5 17.0 60 Glass/ Phenolic 5.5 6.1 6.7 8.1 11.0 90 Jute/ Phenolic 6.5 6.9 7.2 7.1 7.7 132

Claims (9)

1. Heat-resistant laminate comprising layers of vitreous fibre felt enclosing one or more layers of bast fibre felt, the layers being bonded together by a thermosetting resin which has been heat-set under pressure.
2. Laminate according to claim 1, in which the vitreous fibre felt is a needlefelt.
3. Laminate according to claim 1 or 2, in shich the vitreous fibre felt is of E-glass multifilament.
4. Laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the bast fibre felt is a needlefelt.
5. Laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the bast fibre felt is of jute.
6. Laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the resin is a phenolformaldehyde resin.
7. Laminate according to claim 6, in which the resin is an alkaline-condensed resin.
8. Laminate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Example A.
9. Laminate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Example B.
GB08225174A 1982-09-03 1982-09-03 Heat-resistant laminate Expired GB2126526B (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08225174A GB2126526B (en) 1982-09-03 1982-09-03 Heat-resistant laminate
FR8313912A FR2532587B1 (en) 1982-09-03 1983-08-30 HEAT RESISTANT LAMINATE
IT48900/83A IT1168215B (en) 1982-09-03 1983-08-31 ASBESTOS-FREE LAMINATE, HEAT RESISTANT, WITH HIGH INDEX OF THERMAL INSULATION AND RESISTANCE TO EROSION INDUCED BY HOT GAS HIGH SPEED
DE19833331611 DE3331611A1 (en) 1982-09-03 1983-09-01 HEAT-RESISTANT LAMINATE

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08225174A GB2126526B (en) 1982-09-03 1982-09-03 Heat-resistant laminate

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2126526A true GB2126526A (en) 1984-03-28
GB2126526B GB2126526B (en) 1985-10-02

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GB08225174A Expired GB2126526B (en) 1982-09-03 1982-09-03 Heat-resistant laminate

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Country Link
DE (1) DE3331611A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2532587B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2126526B (en)
IT (1) IT1168215B (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2195952A (en) * 1986-09-04 1988-04-20 Structural Polymer Systems Lim Composite sheet material
GB2235156A (en) * 1989-07-06 1991-02-27 British Aerospace Composite material
GB2529571A (en) * 2014-10-21 2016-02-24 Eco Technilin Ltd Laminated composite material and method for manufacturing laminated composite material

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE59603577D1 (en) * 1995-05-21 1999-12-09 Moeller Plast Gmbh COMPOSITE COMPONENT, IN PARTICULAR COMPOSITE CLADDING PART, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THIS COMPONENT

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1411958A (en) * 1971-12-23 1975-10-29 Bayer Ag Fibre reinfored hard foamed polyurethane resins which can be reversibly hot-formed

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR854095A (en) * 1938-12-12 1940-04-04 Laroche Ets Manufacturing process of a jute felt or the like without a support and products obtained
US2339431A (en) * 1942-08-22 1944-01-18 Owenscorning Fiberglas Corp Fibrous glass product
FR1216547A (en) * 1958-11-29 1960-04-26 Renault Manufacturing process of deformable mattresses based on mechanically bonded glass fibers

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1411958A (en) * 1971-12-23 1975-10-29 Bayer Ag Fibre reinfored hard foamed polyurethane resins which can be reversibly hot-formed

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2195952A (en) * 1986-09-04 1988-04-20 Structural Polymer Systems Lim Composite sheet material
GB2235156A (en) * 1989-07-06 1991-02-27 British Aerospace Composite material
GB2235156B (en) * 1989-07-06 1993-06-02 British Aerospace Composite materials
GB2529571A (en) * 2014-10-21 2016-02-24 Eco Technilin Ltd Laminated composite material and method for manufacturing laminated composite material
GB2529571B (en) * 2014-10-21 2017-01-04 Eco Technilin Ltd Laminated composite material and method for manufacturing laminated composite material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2126526B (en) 1985-10-02
IT8348900A0 (en) 1983-08-31
DE3331611A1 (en) 1984-03-08
IT1168215B (en) 1987-05-20
FR2532587B1 (en) 1986-02-28
FR2532587A1 (en) 1984-03-09

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