GB2122859A - Improvements in or relating to microwave heating - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to microwave heating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2122859A GB2122859A GB08318210A GB8318210A GB2122859A GB 2122859 A GB2122859 A GB 2122859A GB 08318210 A GB08318210 A GB 08318210A GB 8318210 A GB8318210 A GB 8318210A GB 2122859 A GB2122859 A GB 2122859A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- container
- molten
- microwave energy
- cooling
- internal surfaces
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/023—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by microwave heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/126—Microwaves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
- H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
- H05B2206/045—Microwave disinfection, sterilization, destruction of waste...
Abstract
The invention is concerned with microwave heating and more particularly with microwave heating to effect melting. Material is contained in a container (1) and microwave energy is applied to met material (6) while a portion of the material (7) adjacent to the internal surfaces of the container is maintained at a temperature at which it is not molten. This may be by cooling water (5) in vessel (4). The invention therefore provides for "skull" melting in which a layer of non-molten material protects the container from molten material. Examples of materials which may be treated in accordance with the present invention are glasses and glass-like materials and precursors therefor (e.g. glasses and glass-like materials or precursors therefor containing radioactive wastes). <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to heating
The present invention relates to heating and more particularly to heating to effect melting.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for use in the melting of material which comprises a container for containing material, means for applying microwave energy to material when contained in the container so as to melt material and produce molten material and means for maintaining material adjacent to internal surfaces of the container at a temperature at which the material is not molten.
The material may be, for example, a glass or glass-like material or a precursor therefor (e.g. a glass or glass-like material or a precursor therefor containing radioactive waste).
In the melting of materials such as glasses, glass-like materials or precursors therefor, corrosion problems can be encountered as a result of reaction between the molten material and the container (which may be, for example, a ceramic or a metal container).
The present invention enables such problems to be substantially avoided or overcome. Thus, the present invention provides for "skull" melting by microwave energy in which a layer ("skull") of non-molten material is provided on the internal surfaces of the container to protect the container from molten material therein.
For example, a central region of glass may be heated to high temperatures by application of microwave energy and thereby rendered molten, whilst the internal surfaces of the container are protected by a layer (i.e. a skull) of cold glass.
The means for maintaining material adjacent to internal surfaces of the container at a temperature at which the material is not molten may include means for cooling the container. For example, means may be provided for supplying a cooling fluid to external surfaces of the container. The means for cooling the container may be, for example, in the form of water cooled coils or a recirculating water bath. By way of further example the container may be cooled by means of a gas stream in which case the container may optionally be provided with cooling fins.
The container may be, for example, pretreated to produce a layer of material on its internal surface and subsequently charged with material to be melted, the layer of material being maintained at a temperature at which the material is non-molten.
According to one embodiment of the present invention there is provided apparatus for use in the melting of material which comprises a container for containing material, a microwave energy waveguide for introducing microwave energy to the container to melt material when contained in the container and produce molten material and a vessel for containing cooling water to cool external surfaces of the container to maintain material adjacent to internal surfaces of the container at a temperature at which the material is not molten.
According to another embodiment of the present invention there is provided apparatus for use in the melting of material which comprises a microwave cavity, a container within the cavity for containing material, a microwave energy waveguide for introducing microwave energy into the cavity to melt material when contained in the container and produce molten material and a cooling jacket for cooling external surfaces of the container to maintain material adjacent to internal surfaces of the container at a temperature at which the material is not molten.
According to a further embodiment of the present invention there is provided apparatus for use in the melting of material which comprises a container for containing material, a microwave energy waveguide for introducing microwave energy to the container to melt material when contained in the container and produce molten material, a material inlet for introducing material to be melted to the container and an outlet for the removal of molten material from the container and means for cooling external surfaces of the container to maintain material adjacent to internal surfaces of the container at a temperature at which the material is not molten.
Apparatus in accordance with the immediately preceding embodiment of the invention may be provided, for example, with an outlet duct in communication with the outlet of the container and a waveguide for introducing microwave energy into the outlet duct and to the outlet to effect tapping of the container to remove molten
material therefrom by means of the outlet.
According to another aspect the present
invention provides a process for use in the melting
of material which comprises containing material
in a container, applying microwave energy to the
material to melt material and produce molten
material while material adjacent to internal
surfaces of the container is at a temperature at
which the material is not molten thereby to
provide a layer of non-molten material to protect
internal surfaces of the container from molten
material.
In accordance with one embodiment of the
immediately preceding aspect of the present
invention there is provided a process for use in the
melting of material which comprises containing
material in a container, applying microwave
energy to the material to melt material and
produce molten material and maintaining material
adjacent to internal surfaces of the container at a
temperature at which the material is not molten
thereby to provide a layer of non-molten material
to protect internal surfaces of the container from
molten material.
The material to be melted in accordance with the present invention may be, for example, a mixture of a fusible dried product (produced by drying a solution or slurry) and a glass former or glass formers so that on melting and cooling a glass or glass-like material incorporating the dried product may be formed.
For example, the fusible dried product may include radioactive waste materials so that after fusing and cooling a glass or glass-like material incorporating the radioactive waste is formed (which can thereafter be stored or subjected to disposal as required).
British Patent Specification No. 1,589,466
(UKAEA) discloses, inter alia, the production of a
glass-like solid material by heating a fusible dried
product and glass formers and reference may be
made to Specification No. 1,589,466 in this
context.
By way of example, slugs of glass fibre
"loaded" with dried product as disclosed in the
Specification of British Patent No. 1,589,468 may
be melted in accordance with the present
invention.
Thus, the present invention may provide, for
example, a "melter" for use in radioactive waste vitrification. (It will be appreciated that the
invention is not limited to use in vitrification
processes. The invention may find application in any process in which melting is required (e.g. in the glass industry).
The present invention may be used for example
in a batch-wise, or continuous manner as
required.
In continuous operation means may be provided for the removal of molten material from the container and the addition to the container of material to be melted. By way of example, in both batch-wise and continuous operation, molten material may be removed from the bottom of the container (i.e. the container may be "tapped") via an outlet aperture therein. The outlet aperture can be part of an outlet system which includes a waveguide for the application of microwave energy. Microwave energy may be supplied via the waveguide to melt material in the outlet aperture to permit molten material to flow from the container. The flow may be controlled (and stopped) if desired by controlling the amount of microwave energy supplied. E.g. flow may be stopped by not supplying microwave energy to melt material in the outlet aperture.
It will be appreciated that the "microwave lossiness" of glass (i.e. the absorption of microwave energy) increases with increasing temperature. It is to be understood that in apparatus in accordance with the present invention the microwave energy waveguides and the container and any other portion constituting part of a microwave "cavity" may be designed in accordance with microwave technology so as to maximise absorption of microwaves and avoid undesirable effects such as reflection of microwave energy from the material which is being, or has been, melted. Microwave "cavities" in accordance with the present invention may also be "tuned" in accordance with microwave technology.
The present invention will now be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an apparatus for use in the melting of material in accordance with the invention;
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic representation of another apparatus for use in the melting of material in accordance with the invention; and
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a further apparatus for use in the melting of material in accordance with the invention, and with reference to the Example.
Referring now to Figure 1 of the drawings there is shown a container 1 in communication with a microwave energy waveguide 2 for introducing microwave energy to the container 1 (as indicated by the arrow) from a magnetron (not shown). To enable the interior of the container 1 to be observed a choke and quartz window 3 are provided.
A vessel 4 is provided for containing cooling water 5.
In operation material to be melted is introduced into the container 1 and microwave energy is introduced by means of waveguide 2.
Under the influence of the microwave energy the temperature of the material is raised to a point where the material becomes molten. This is indicated as region 6 in Figure 1.
Cooling water 5 in vessel 4 is recirculated so as to cool external surfaces of the container 1 and to thereby maintain a portion of the material adjacent to internal surfaces of the container 1 as cooler, solid material. This is indicated as 7 in the
Figure. Thus, the container 1 is protected from the molten material of region 6 by the cooler, solid material 7 which lines the internal surfaces of container 1.
It will be appreciated that any "off-gases" produced during operation may be removed by a suitable off-gas outlet (not shown) communicating (either directly or indirectly) with the said container 1.
When melting has proceeded sufficiently, microwave energy introduction is stopped and the container 1 may be disconnected from the waveguide 2, and further treated as required.
Thus in the case of waste disposal the container 1 may be sealed and stored, or disposed of, as required.
Referring now to Figure 2 of the drawings there is shown a microwave cavity 10 provided with microwave energy waveguides 11 (for introducing microwave energy into the cavity 10 (as indicated by the arrows 11 a) from a magnetron (not shown)), one or more mode stirrers one of which is shown as 12,-and ceramic microwave transparent windows 13.
Within the cavity 10 there is provided a container 14 (e.g. made of metal or ceramic material) having associated cooling jacket 1 5. The container 14 is sealed to the microwave window 13 by means of seals 16.
In operation material to be melted is introduced into the container 14 and microwave energy is introduced by means of the waveguides
11.
Under the influence of the microwave energy
passing into the container 14 through the
microwave transparent windows 13 the
temperature of the material is raised to a point
where the material becomes molten. This is
indicated as region 1 7 in Figure 2.
Cooling water is circulated through the jacket 1 5 so as to cool external surfaces of the container
14 and thereby maintain a portion of the material
adjacent to internal surfaces of the container 14
as cooler, solid material (indicated as 1 8 in Figure
2).
Thus, the container 14 is protected from the
molten material of region 1 7 by the cooler, solid
material 1 8 which lines the internal surfaces of
container 14.
It will be appreciated that any "off gases"
produced during operation may be removed by a
suitable off-gas outlet (not shown)
communicating (either directly or indirectly) with
the said container 14.
When melting has proceeded sufficiently,
microwave energy introduction is stopped and the
container 14 may be unsealed from the seals 16,
removed from the cavity 10 and treated as
required. For example, in the case of waste disposal container 14 may be sealed and stored, or disposed of as required.
Alternatively, molten material may be removed from the container 14 by "tapping" it (e.g. via an outlet aperture in its base).
Referring now to Figure 3 of the drawings there is shown a container 20 provided with microwave energy waveguides 21 for introducing microwave energy into the container 20 (as indicated by the arrows 21 a) from a magnetron (not shown) through microwave transparent windows 22.
The container 20 is also provided with a material inlet 23, for introducing material to be melted, and an outlet aperture 24 for the removal of molten material. The outlet aperture 24 is in communication with an outlet duct 25 which is provided with a waveguide 26 for introducing microwave energy (as indicated by the arrow 26a) into the outlet duct 25 and the region of the outlet aperture 24.
In operation material to be melted is introduced into the container 20 by means of the inlet 23 and microwave energy is introduced into the container 20 through microwave transparent windows 22 by means of microwave energy waveguides 21.
Under the influence of the microwave energy passing into the container 20 through the microwave transparent windows 22 the temperature of the material is raised to a point where the material becomes molten. This is indicated as region 27 in Figure 3.
External surfaces of the lower portion of the container 20 (indicated as 20a) are cooled (e.g. by a stream of cooling gas such as air or nitrogen or by use of a cooling liquid in a cooling jacket or cooling coils (not shown)) and thereby a portion of the material adjacent to lower internal surface of the container 20 is maintained as cooler, solid material indicated as 28 in Figure 3. Thus the container 20 is protected from the molten material of region 27 by the cooler, solid material of region 28 which lines the lower internal surfaces of the container 20.
At this time the region 28 extends across the outlet aperture 24 thereby to seal off access of molten material to the outlet aperture 24 and outlet duct 25. When it is desired to "tap" the container 20 to remove molten material therefrom (which may be periodically for batchwise operation, or continuously for continuous operation) microwave energy is introduced into the outlet duct 25 and the region of the outlet aperture 24 by means of microwave energy waveguide 26.
Under the influence of microwave energy introduced by waveguide 26 solid material extending across the outlet aperture 24 is heated and becomes molten thereby allowing molten material to flow through the outlet aperture 24 and to pass from region 27 into outlet duct 25 as indicated at 27a in Figure 3.
The rate of flow of molten material from the container 20 may be controlled by controlling the microwave energy introduced by means of microwave energy waveguide 26. Thus, reducing the input of energy reduces the flow (this, of course, can be used to stop the flow by sufficient reduction or stopping of the energy input) and increasing the input of energy will increase the flow up to the maximum possible for the design of apparatus.
Moiten material removed through outlet duct 25 can be collected and further treated as required.
For example in the case of waste disposal (e.g.
disposal of radioactive wastes in glass or glasslike material) the molten material may be collected in a suitable vessel, solidified and the vessel sealed for storage or disposal as required.
Any "off-gases" produced during operation may be removed by a suitable off-gas outlet. For example, any off-gases may be removed through the material inlet 23.
In one embodiment slugs of glass-fibre "loaded" with dried fusible product (as hereinbefore disclosed) may be introduced into container 23 by passing down inlet 24. The slugs may therefore be used to filter off-gases (e.g. to remove dust (and/or ruthenium compounds in the case of using the apparatus as a melter in the vitrification of radioactive waste materials)).
Example
Using an apparatus as described with reference to Figure 1 glass was melted by microwave energy.
Thus a steel container was charged with glass to be melted and sealed to a microwave energy waveguide.
External surfaces of the container were cooled by means of recirculating cooling water maintained about the container by a suitable vessel. Microwave energy was introduced into the container by means of the microwave energy waveguide at "2.5 kW for 3 hours after which it was observed, through a quartz window and choke observation point, that molten glass has been formed. By optical pyrometer the temperature of the molten glass was measured to be --9000C.
The temperature of the recirculating cooling water was allowed to rise to 800C.
The container had internal surfaces coated with a "skull" of cooler, solid glass containing a core of molten glass.
Claims (14)
1. Apparatus for use in the melting of material which comprises a container for containing material, means for applying microwave energy to material when contained in the container so as to melt material and produce molten material and means for maintaining material adjacent to internal surfaces of the container at a temperature at which the material is not molten.
2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the means for maintaining material adjacent to internal surfaces of the container at a temperature at which the material is not molten includes means for cooling the container.
3. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 2 wherein the means for cooling the container comprises means for supplying a cooling fluid to external surfaces of the container.
4. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the means for supplying a cooling fluid to external surfaces of the container comprises water cooled coils or a recirculating water bath.
5. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 2 wherein the means for cooling the container comprises a gas stream.
6. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the container is provided with cooling fins.
7. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the container has a layer of material, produced by pretreatment, on its internal surface.
8. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 for use in the melting of material comprising a container for containing material, a microwave energy waveguide for introducing microwave energy to the container to melt material when contained in the container and produce molten material and a vessel for containing cooling water to cool external surfaces of the container to maintain material adjacent to internal surfaces of the container at a temperature at which the material is not molten.
9. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 for use in the melting of material comprising a microwave cavity, a container within the cavity for containing material, a microwave energy waveguide for introducing microwave energy into the cavity to melt material when contained in the container and produce molten material and a cooling jacket for cooling external surfaces of the container to maintain material adjacent to internal surfaces of the container at a temperature at which the material is not molten.
10. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 for use in the melting of material comprising a container for containing material, a microwave energy waveguide for introducing microwave energy to the container to melt material when contained in the container and produce molten material, a material inlet for introducing material to be melted to the container and an outlet for the removal of molten material from the container and means for cooling external surfaces of the container to maintain material adjacent to internal surfaces of the container at a temperature at which the material is not molten.
1 Apparatus as claimed in Claim 10 wherein there is provided an outlet duct in communication with the outlet of the container and a waveguide for introducing microwave energy into the outlet duct and to the outlet to effect tapping of the container to remove molten material therefrom by means of the outlet.
12. A process for use in the melting of material which comprises containing material in a container, applying microwave energy to the material to melt material and produce molten material while material adjacent to internal surfaces of the container is at a temperature at which the material is not molten thereby to provide a layer of non-molten material to protect internal surfaces of the container from molten material.
13. A process as claimed in Claim 12 for use in the melting of material which comprising containing material in a container, applying microwave energy to the material to melt material and produce molten material and maintaining material adjacent to internal surfaces of the container at a temperature at which the material is not molten thereby to provide a layer of nonmolten material to protect internal surfaces of the container from molten material.
14. A process as claimed in Claim 12 or Claim 13 wherein the material is a glass or glass-like material or a precursor therefor.
1 5. Apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the Figures 1 , 2 or 3 of the accompanying drawings.
1 6. A process substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of Figures 1, 2 or 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08318210A GB2122859B (en) | 1982-07-05 | 1983-07-05 | Improvements in or relating to microwave heating |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8219428 | 1982-07-05 | ||
| GB08318210A GB2122859B (en) | 1982-07-05 | 1983-07-05 | Improvements in or relating to microwave heating |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8318210D0 GB8318210D0 (en) | 1983-08-24 |
| GB2122859A true GB2122859A (en) | 1984-01-18 |
| GB2122859B GB2122859B (en) | 1985-10-02 |
Family
ID=26283265
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08318210A Expired GB2122859B (en) | 1982-07-05 | 1983-07-05 | Improvements in or relating to microwave heating |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2122859B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2560529A1 (en) * | 1984-03-02 | 1985-09-06 | Rhone Poulenc Rech | APPARATUS FOR WET CHEMICAL REACTION OF MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS |
| WO1987004099A1 (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1987-07-16 | Ekerot Sven Torbjoern | A method for heating ceramic material, primarily in conjunction with the use of such material in metallurgical processes, and an arrangement for carrying out the method |
| WO1987004100A1 (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1987-07-16 | Ekerot Sven Torbjoern | A method for heating primarily nozzles, and apparatus for carrying out the method |
| FR2658905A1 (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1991-08-30 | Michelin & Cie | |
| WO1997026219A1 (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1997-07-24 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Improved method and apparatus for melting a particulate material |
| US5844217A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1998-12-01 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Appratus for liquid thermosetting resin molding using radiofrequency wave heating |
| WO2001096250A1 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2001-12-20 | Sonny Johansson | Method and device for melting glass material |
| US7297909B2 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2007-11-20 | Bh-F (Engineering) Ltd. | Method and apparatus for homogenisation of melt |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108231231A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-06-29 | 四川固力铁环保工程有限责任公司 | A kind of high radioactivity nuclear industry waste material microwave heating barrier |
-
1983
- 1983-07-05 GB GB08318210A patent/GB2122859B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4681740A (en) * | 1984-03-02 | 1987-07-21 | Societe Prolabo | Apparatus for the chemical reaction by wet process of various products |
| EP0155893A1 (en) * | 1984-03-02 | 1985-09-25 | SOCIETE PROLABO, Société Anonyme | Device for chemical reaction of various chemicals by wet method |
| FR2560529A1 (en) * | 1984-03-02 | 1985-09-06 | Rhone Poulenc Rech | APPARATUS FOR WET CHEMICAL REACTION OF MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS |
| AU581879B2 (en) * | 1984-03-02 | 1989-03-09 | Societe Prolabo | Apparatus for the chemical reaction by wet process of various products |
| US4897112A (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1990-01-30 | Sven Ekerot | Method for heating primarily nozzles, and apparatus for carrying out the method |
| WO1987004100A1 (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1987-07-16 | Ekerot Sven Torbjoern | A method for heating primarily nozzles, and apparatus for carrying out the method |
| WO1987004099A1 (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1987-07-16 | Ekerot Sven Torbjoern | A method for heating ceramic material, primarily in conjunction with the use of such material in metallurgical processes, and an arrangement for carrying out the method |
| FR2658905A1 (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1991-08-30 | Michelin & Cie | |
| EP0444534A1 (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1991-09-04 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin-Michelin & Cie | Method and apparatus for melting an organic product by microwave |
| US5233146A (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1993-08-03 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin - Michelin & Cie | Method and device for melting an organic product with the use of microwaves |
| WO1997026219A1 (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1997-07-24 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Improved method and apparatus for melting a particulate material |
| US6568215B2 (en) | 1996-01-17 | 2003-05-27 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc. | Method and apparatus for melting a particulate material |
| US5844217A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1998-12-01 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Appratus for liquid thermosetting resin molding using radiofrequency wave heating |
| WO2001096250A1 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2001-12-20 | Sonny Johansson | Method and device for melting glass material |
| US7297909B2 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2007-11-20 | Bh-F (Engineering) Ltd. | Method and apparatus for homogenisation of melt |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2122859B (en) | 1985-10-02 |
| GB8318210D0 (en) | 1983-08-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4490287A (en) | Treatment of substances | |
| US4617041A (en) | Method for continuously manufacturing elongated bodies starting from unmolten solid starting material | |
| GB2122859A (en) | Improvements in or relating to microwave heating | |
| FR2416201B1 (en) | ||
| US7296441B2 (en) | Device and method for melting a substance with the occurrence of a low level of contamination | |
| WO1990002711A1 (en) | A method and an apparatus for producing mineral wool | |
| CA2466765C (en) | Method and apparatus for melting metals | |
| EP0783757B1 (en) | Waste processing method and apparatus | |
| US3937625A (en) | Radio frequency preparation of pure glass | |
| US4251250A (en) | Process and apparatus for the production of light conducting fibers | |
| JP4749645B2 (en) | Equipment for melting or purifying minerals | |
| Hardwick et al. | Improvements in or relating to microwave heating | |
| KR100510196B1 (en) | Continuous type fusion furnace system for frit production | |
| JP5075311B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for introducing gas into heat medium | |
| BR9100804A (en) | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR MERGING ORGANIC PRODUCT THROUGH MICROWAVES AND THEIR PRODUCT | |
| US4930755A (en) | Method for heating ceramic material, primarily in conjunction with the use of such material in metallurgical processes, and an arrangement for carrying out the method | |
| Drexhage et al. | Multikilogram fluoride glass synthesis | |
| JPH0248420A (en) | Method and equipment for thermally melting corrosive material | |
| Shibata et al. | An improved microwave melting furnace for radioactive wastes | |
| JPH077108B2 (en) | Method for melting and solidifying radioactive waste | |
| Drexhage et al. | Large scale fluoride glass synthesis | |
| Moore et al. | Method and apparatus for melting metals | |
| MY133524A (en) | Molten glass material and method and apparatus for manufacturing the same | |
| KR920010304B1 (en) | Process for continuous making an inhibitor with a phosphate polymer | |
| JPS62855B2 (en) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19940705 |