GB2110909A - Heating fabric - Google Patents
Heating fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2110909A GB2110909A GB08135748A GB8135748A GB2110909A GB 2110909 A GB2110909 A GB 2110909A GB 08135748 A GB08135748 A GB 08135748A GB 8135748 A GB8135748 A GB 8135748A GB 2110909 A GB2110909 A GB 2110909A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- wire
- heating
- wires
- watt density
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
- H05B3/347—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles woven fabrics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
- H05B2203/015—Heater wherein the heating element is interwoven with the textile
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
A heating fabric contains heating wires (1) which are connected in parallel in both the selvedges by means of current wires (2), said heating wires being woven in strips or zones which are maintained at a distance from each other by woven yarns, and the heating wires in the strips or zones being woven at a distance from each other which is not greater than pi /2 (=1.57) times the wire diameter. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Heating fabric
The invention relates to a heating fabric. One uses very high watt densities (q) of the order of 10,000 to 100,000W/rn2 and higher whereby temperatures between 200 and 1 0000C and higher are produced, at the usual electrical heating elements (as for example in toast-racks, iron-heaters and radiators).
The contact conductor is provided here in heat resisting surroundings. However, if the contact conductor is woven in textiles (or incorporated therein as in the case of electric blankets) then such elevated temperatures are of course not allowable.
One has then to apply a considerably lower q of the order of magnitude from 100 to 400 W/m2, as is usual and prescribed for electrical conductors in the house and industrial equipment.
Consequently the capacity of heating fabrics is limited to said watt densities.
it is usual on heating fabrics to indicate the wattage as well as the watt density in W/m2 fabric surface.
This indicated watt density is equal to the wattage divided by the surface area of the fabric. One should think therefore to use a thermally safe fabric at an indicated low watt density.
However, since the wire surface is considerably smaller than the surface of the fabric (at either side) in practically all the cases, the generated watt density at the surface of the conductor is also considerably higher than the indicated value with the consequence that the wire temperature becomes considerably higher than should follow from the indicated watt density so that singeing damage and fire can be produced.
Since the watt density at the wire-surface is limited to the indicated values, the capacity of the fabric will have to be limited considerably in order to prevent fire risk.
However, it appears in the practice that one exceeds this limit with the indicated consequence.
If one should like to lower the thermal wire charge then on the other side the capacity fails. Only energy dissipation will be produced (consequently energy consumption without result) under these conditions by heating with this too low capacity.
A solution has not yet been given for this delicate problem hitherto.
The present invention is a heating fabric containing heating wires which are connected in parallel in both the selvedges by means of current wires, said heating wires being woven in strips or zones which are maintained at a distance from each other by woven yarns, the heating wires being spaced at a distance from each other which is notgreaterthan ?T/2 (=1.57) times the wire diameter.
In this way the wire surface area has become equal to the surrounding fabric surface area.
Consequently the conclusion is that in this way the indicated watt density is equal to the watt density at
the surface of the wire conductor.
One can go by this measure with the capacity to
the given limit which is then also the same limit for
each individual heating wire.
Consequently one can heat without danger and
adequately with the fabric according to the invention
to the allowable limit value which is equal to that of
the individual wires.
The capacity of the fabric in the case of other
fabrics is limited to the ratio wire surface/fabric
surface; this ratio exceeds in most cases a factor 5
An embodiment of the present invention will now
be described, by way of example, with reference to
the accompanying drawing, the single figure of
which is a top view of a portion of the fabric
according to the invention.
The heating wires 1 are grouped in strips intercon
nected by the current wires 2, the strips having
spaces 3 therebetween. The reference numerals 4
and 5 indicate the connecting terminals.
Derivation 1.57 times the wire diameter
Considering now a strip of length B metres
containing a parallel wires of diameter dmm
Total wire surface F(dr) = (a.B.a.d110-3m2 A strip presents a
total surface for
both sides of F(strip) = (a.lr/2.d.10-3).(B.2) = (aB.ir.d.103) (m2)
if one takes (1T/2.d) for the distance between the
wires.
Ergo : F(dr) = F(strip).
If the strips are woven at a small distance from
each other, then the fabric surface is substantially
equal to the common surface of the strips.
Consequently F(dr) = F(strip) = substantially F
(fabric).
Calculation of q at the wire surface
Through the wire is generated:
Q = er (watt) or Q wh/h heat
where e = voltage and r = ohmic resistance.
However, one can take fore the voltage per metre
of wire length and for rthe ohmic resistance per
metre ofwire length.
Consequently in this case:
Wire surface F(dr) = 1rd.10-3 (m2 per metre of wire
length)
Ergo:
Watt density at the wire surface: q e2 = ~~~~~~~~ e2.103 W/m2
F(dr) (r.ad) The invention has as an important result a great
quantity of energy without an individual wire assuming a higher temperature than a strip orthan the
fabric.
1. A heating fabric containing heating wires
which are connected in parallel on both the sal
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (2)
1. A heating fabric containing heating wires
which are connected in parallel on both the sal vedges by means of current wires, said heating wires being woven in strips or zones which are maintained at a distance from each other by woven yarns, the heating wires being spaced at a distance from each other which is not greater than 7z/2 (=1.57) times the wire diameter.
2. A heating fabric substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as shown in, the accompanying drawing.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB08135748A GB2110909B (en) | 1981-11-26 | 1981-11-26 | Heating fabric |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB08135748A GB2110909B (en) | 1981-11-26 | 1981-11-26 | Heating fabric |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2110909A true GB2110909A (en) | 1983-06-22 |
GB2110909B GB2110909B (en) | 1985-06-12 |
Family
ID=10526178
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB08135748A Expired GB2110909B (en) | 1981-11-26 | 1981-11-26 | Heating fabric |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2110909B (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2132459A (en) * | 1982-12-11 | 1984-07-04 | Ryoda Sato | Electrical heating sheet |
EP0237228A1 (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-09-16 | N.V. Raychem S.A. | Electrical device |
WO1989012468A1 (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1989-12-28 | Fibre Treatments (Holdings) Limited | Heat treatment device |
WO1995001082A1 (en) * | 1993-06-28 | 1995-01-05 | Wärme- Und Elektrotechnik B. Ruthenberg Gmbh | Surface heating element |
EP1339259A1 (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2003-08-27 | Malden Mills Industries, Inc. | Electric heating fabric |
US6787740B2 (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2004-09-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Integrally bladed rotor airfoil fabrication and repair techniques |
WO2009097195A1 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-06 | Raython Company | Fault tolerant heater circuit |
-
1981
- 1981-11-26 GB GB08135748A patent/GB2110909B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2132459A (en) * | 1982-12-11 | 1984-07-04 | Ryoda Sato | Electrical heating sheet |
EP0237228A1 (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-09-16 | N.V. Raychem S.A. | Electrical device |
WO1989012468A1 (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1989-12-28 | Fibre Treatments (Holdings) Limited | Heat treatment device |
WO1995001082A1 (en) * | 1993-06-28 | 1995-01-05 | Wärme- Und Elektrotechnik B. Ruthenberg Gmbh | Surface heating element |
US6888112B2 (en) | 1999-04-22 | 2005-05-03 | Malden Hills Industries, Inc. | Electric heating/warming woven fibrous articles |
US6787740B2 (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2004-09-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Integrally bladed rotor airfoil fabrication and repair techniques |
EP1339259A1 (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2003-08-27 | Malden Mills Industries, Inc. | Electric heating fabric |
WO2009097195A1 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-06 | Raython Company | Fault tolerant heater circuit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2110909B (en) | 1985-06-12 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19921126 |