GB2109317A - Aluminium wheel - Google Patents
Aluminium wheel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2109317A GB2109317A GB08134168A GB8134168A GB2109317A GB 2109317 A GB2109317 A GB 2109317A GB 08134168 A GB08134168 A GB 08134168A GB 8134168 A GB8134168 A GB 8134168A GB 2109317 A GB2109317 A GB 2109317A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- wheel
- aluminum
- insert
- base
- wheel according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B1/00—Spoked wheels; Spokes thereof
- B60B1/06—Wheels with compression spokes
- B60B1/08—Wheels with compression spokes formed by casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
- B60B3/02—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body with a single disc body integral with rim
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
- B60B3/06—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body formed by casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
- B60B3/08—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body with disc body formed by two or more axially spaced discs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
- B60B3/12—Means of reinforcing disc bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
- B60B7/0026—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins characterised by the surface
- B60B7/0066—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins characterised by the surface the dominant aspect being the surface structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
- B60B7/02—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins made essentially in one part
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
- B60B7/06—Fastening arrangements therefor
- B60B7/061—Fastening arrangements therefor characterised by the part of the wheels to which the discs, rings or the like are mounted
- B60B7/063—Fastening arrangements therefor characterised by the part of the wheels to which the discs, rings or the like are mounted to the rim
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
- B60B7/06—Fastening arrangements therefor
- B60B7/061—Fastening arrangements therefor characterised by the part of the wheels to which the discs, rings or the like are mounted
- B60B7/066—Fastening arrangements therefor characterised by the part of the wheels to which the discs, rings or the like are mounted to the hub
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
- B60B7/06—Fastening arrangements therefor
- B60B7/08—Fastening arrangements therefor having gripping elements consisting of formations integral with the cover
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
- B60B7/18—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins simulating spoked or wire wheel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
A composite wheel for use with an inflatable tire on vehicles such as automobiles, vans or trucks comprises a cast aluminum insert 3 which is permanently mounted within a base aluminum wheel component 2 providing a rim 12 and disc 10. The inset has flanges 14, 16 abutting the base wheel component and locked in place by deforming portions 4, 6 of the component 2 into engagement therewith, e.g. by swage-forging or roller curl forming. The insert 3 forms the majority of the outboard face of the wheel which may be variously styled and contributes to the structural strength of the wheel, such that weight reduction from the rim of the component 2 can be accomplished. The component 2 may be an extrusion or forging of Al-alloy No. 6061-T6, and the insert a low or high pressure die-casting of Al-alloy No. 356. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Aluminum wheel
This invention relates to vehicular wheels upon which inflatable tires may be mounted. Such wheels are commonly employed in the transportation industry in automobiles, vans, trucks and the like.
In the past, wheels employed for transportation uses have been formed of wrought steel. While such steel wheels operate satisfactorily, with the everincreasing need for fuel economy, both for economic and conservation purposes, several attempts have been made to replace these steel wheels with wheels formed of aluminum and its alloys. When employing aluminum vehicular wheels, significant weight reduction can be realized over similar wheels formed of steel.
Two choices can be made for employing aluminum wheels to replace steel wheels. The aluminum wheels may be either metal worked or cast. The term "metal worked" is meant to include such operations as extrusion, forging, stamping, coining, swaging, embossing and the like.
Cast aluminum wheels have an advantage in that the wheels may be formed with intricate stylized face surfaces such that when employing a cast aluminum wheel no added-on hubcap or other decorative feature is required for aesthetic purposes. This feature is desirable, since added-on hubcaps may be lost or stolen. However, due to the porosity, dynamic fatigue life, yield strength and elongation properties of cast aluminum, wheels formed from cast aluminum, while still significantly lighter than steel wheels, are not as light as could be hoped for by replacing steel with aluminum.
Metal worked aluminum wheels, on the other hand, may be formed significantly lighter than even cast aluminum wheels. This is due to the superior physical properties for structures formed of metal worked aluminum over those formed of cast aluminum. For example, an extruded or forged 6061-T6 aluminum alloy has a yield strength of approximately 38,000 PSI (185,500 kilograms per square meter) while a cast aluminum alloy No. 356 has a yield strength of approximately 16,000 to 18,000 PSI (78,100 to 87,900 kilograms per square meter). The elongation of the extruded or forged alloy is a minimum 14% while the cast alloy has an elongation of approximately 2-7%.Thus, a 14 inch by 5.5. inch (35.6 by 12.9 centimeter) extruded or forged aluminum wheel of 6061 -T6 alloy weighs approximately 11.25 pounds (5.10 kilograms) while a cast aluminum wheel formed of 356 alloy and of equivalent strength weighs approximately 16 pounds (7.26 kilograms). Thus, the extruded or forged aluminum wheel is approximately 30% lighter than the equivalent cast aluminum wheel.
Metal worked aluminum wheels, however, have a disadvantage from the stylist point of view. Similar to forged steel wheels, metal worked aluminum wheels cannot be formed with the intricate stylized faces which can readily be formed in cast aluminum wheels. Thus, similar to forged steel wheels, metal worked aluminum wheels have been designed in the past to accept an added-on hubcap or other stylizing face which, as previously mentioned, is subject to being lost or stolen.
It is desirable, therefore, to form an integral aluminum wheel having the strength properties of a metal worked aluminum wheel and the stylizing advantages of a cast aluminum wheel, and while taking full advantage of the weight reduction properties of aluminum over steel.
By means of the present invention, such a composite aluminum wheel can be produced. The composite aluminum wheel of the present invention comprises an aluminum base wheel capable of accepting an inflatable tire mounted thereon and having a cast aluminum insert permanently and integrally mounted into the base wheel so as to form a composite integral structure, with the cast aluminum insert being incapable of axial movement after being mounted into the aluminum base wheel. The cast aluminum insert not only adds styling to the face of the composite wheel, but also adds structural strength to the composite wheel, thus allowing significant weight reduction from the rim of the aluminum base wheel.
The integral composite aluminum wheel structure of the present invention will be more fully described with reference to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a front elevational view of the face of a typical integral composite aluminum wheel formed according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a cros-sectional view taken through line 2-2 of Figure 1, illustrating the integral composite wheel structure of the present invention;
Figure 3 is an expanded view of a portion of Figure 2 illustrating the positioning of the aluminum base wheel and the cast aluminum insert prior to their being united to form the integral composite structure; and
Figure 4 illustrates the same expanded portion of
Figure 2 illustrating the integral locking of the cast aluminum insert into the aluminum base wheel to form the composite structure.
Turning to the Figures, Figure 1 illustrates the front face of a typical composite aluminum wheel formed according to the present invention. The composite wheel 1 comprises an aluminum base wheel 2 and a cast aluminum insert 3 permanently mounted therein to form an integral composite structure. Preferably, the aluminum base wheel 2 is formed by forging or extrusion. However, the aluminum base wheel 2 may be formed by any of the metal working operations previously mentioned. The face design as shown in Figure 1 is only one of innumerable varied face structures which may be produced by the practice of the instant invention. In fact, one of the major features of the composite aluminum wheel of the present invention is the fact that the cast aluminum insert 3 may be styled to produce almost any face design desired by the stylist while using the same aluminum base wheel.Of course, various aluminum base wheel structures may also be employed, as required by different vehicles or for other structural reasons. Thus, the specific facial design illustrated in Figure 1 comprises no part of the instant invention.
Figures 2 through 4 illustrate the integration of the aluminum base wheel 2 and the cast aluminum insert 3 to form the integral composite wheel structure 1. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the composite aluminum wheel 1 as illustrated in Figure 1. The aluminum base wheel 2 includes a rim portion, including a wheel well 12, and a hub or web portion 10 which is positioned adjacent the wheel well 12.
As can be seen in Figure 2, the cast aluminum insert 3 is locked into the aluminum base wheel 2 by means of overlap locking means 4 and 6 formed as portions of the aluminum base wheel 2 such that the aluminum base wheel 2 at least partially surrounds the lips of the cast aluminum insert 3 and locks the cast aluminum insert 3 into place. The case aluminum insert3includesa pairofflanges 14and 16 which, when fastened into place by the locking means 4 and 6 into the base wheel 2, locks the cast aluminum insert 3 in place to prohibit axial movement thereof.
Figure 3 illustrates the positioning of the cast aluminum insert 3 and the aluminum base wheel 2 prior to the locking of the cast aluminum insert 3 in place. The aluminum base wheel 2 is formed with nodules or beads 5 and 7 on the surface of the web or hub 10. The nodules or beads 5 and 7 may be a plurality of spaced nodules around the aluminum base wheel 2. Alternatively, the locking means may be circular beads running around the aluminum base wheel 2, either continuously or as discontinuous spaced members.Also, the aluminum base wheel 2 is formed having surfaces 8 and 9 which permit the cast aluminum insert 3 to be slipped into the aluminum base wheel 2, with the flanges 14 and 16 on the cast aluminum insert 3 being constructed and arranged to cooperate with the surfaces 8 and 9 and the nodules or beads 5 and 7 to thereby lock the cast aluminum insert 3 in place to prohibit axial movement thereof. At this point, the integral composite wheel structure 1 is ready to be formed.
As can be best seen in Figure 4, the nodules or beads 5 and 7 on aluminum base wheel 2 have been deformed to form locks 4 and 6 which surround the flanges 14 and 16 of the cast aluminum insert 3 and hold the cast aluminum insert 3 into the aluminum base wheel 2 without axial movement of the cast aluminum insert 3 to form the integral composite wheel structure 1. This locking operation can be formed in several manners. The preferred method of performing this operation is by swage-forging, as is known in the art. In such an operation, the aluminum base wheel 2 and cast aluminum insert 3 are firmly held in place, such as in a mold, while a die strikes the face of the aluminum base wheel 2 and deforms the nodules or beads 5 and 7 into the locking shapes 4 and 6 to firmly hold the cast aluminum insert 3 in place and produce the integral composite wheel structure 1.However, this is not the only way in which the structure 1 can be formed. Other aluminum working operations, such as roller curl forming or spinning, may also be employed. The manner in which the locking operation takes place will have no effect on the final structure.
The aluminum base wheel 2 can be formed by an extrusion operation in the manner of U.S. Patent No.
3,263,315, which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention and the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. A typical alloy for aluminum wheels which may be employed to form the aluminum base wheel 2 in the present invention is alloy 6061-T6. Of course, other similar alloys may be employed. Similarly, any of the previously mentioned metal working operations may be employed to form the aluminum base wheel 2.
The cast aluminum insert 3 can be formed of casting alloy 356, which is typically employed for cast automotive wheels, or other similar casting alloys. The cast aluminum insert 3 may be formed by sand casting, permanent mold casting, low pressure die casting or high pressure die casting. Preferably, the cast aluminum insert 3 is formed by either high or low pressure die casting.
When the cast aluminum insert 3 has been locked into place, the result is the unitary composite wheel structure 1. Because of this integral structure 1, not only does the cast aluminum insert 3 add decorative appearance to the composite wheel 1, the cast aluminum insert 3 adds structural strength to the composite wheel 1.
In designing aluminum wheels, up to 70% of the weight of the wheel is in the rim area. When employing the composite wheel 1 of the present invention, the structural cast aluminum insert 3 shifts some of the inertial and other stress forces, which in the past have been carried mostly by the rim, to the central hub 10 ofthe composite wheel 1.
This allows the rim area to be designed lighter than previously required. Weight reductions in the rim area of up to 20% over previous aluminum wheels may be realized by employing the composite wheel structure 1 of the present invention.
An additional function performed by the cast aluminum insert3 is a heat transfer function. During travel of a vehicle, great heat buildup in the tire results. Because of aluminum's high thermal conductivity, much of the heat in this tire is transferred to the wheel. In past aluminum wheels, most of this heat was retained in the rim area and, with continual heat buildup, could cause tire failure. However, when employing the composite wheel structure 1 of the present invention, the cast aluminum insert 3 acts as an additional heat exchanger and transports a portion of the heat in the rim throughout the cast aluminum insert 3 and thus to the air, which reduces the temperature of the rim and helps prevent tire failure.
Claims (6)
1. A composite vehicular wheel 1 comprising an aluminum base wheel which includes a rim having a wheel well and hub positioned adjacent to the wheel well, characterised by a structural cast aluminum insert (3) contributing structural strength to the base wheel (2) and constituting a major portion of the outside face of the composite wheel (1), the insert being permanently locked within the base wheel against axial movement by means of a pair of flanges (14,16) located on the insert and locking means (4,6) forming a portion of the base wheel.
2. A wheel according to claim 1, characterised in that the structural aluminum insert (3) is locked into the aluminum base wheel by means of swage forging.
3. A wheel according to claim 1, characterised in that the structural aluminum insert (3) is locked into the aluminum base wheel by means of roller curl forming.
4. A wheel according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the locking means (4,6) comprises a plurality of deformed nodules or beads (5,7).
5. A.wheel according to claim 4, characterised in that the beads (5,7) are continuous.
6. A wheel according to claim 4, characterised in that the beads (5,7) are discontinuous.
6. A wheel according to claim 4, characterised in that the beads (5,7) are continuous.
7. A wheel according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the structural aluminum insert (3) is a low pressure die casting.
8. Awheel according to any claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the structural aluminum insert (3) is a high pressure die casting.
9. A wheel according to claim 1,7 or 8, characterised in that the structural aluminum insert (3) is formed of aluminum alloy No.356.
10. A wheel according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the aluminum base wheel (2) is a forging.
11. A wheel according to any claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the aluminum base wheel (2) is an extrusion.
12. A wheel according to claim 1, 10 or 11 characterised in that the base wheel (2) is formed of aluminum alloy No. 6061-T6.
New claims or amendments to claims filed on 11th
March 1982
Superseded claims 6
New or amended claims:
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/094,738 US4316637A (en) | 1978-08-04 | 1979-11-15 | Multi-styled aluminum wheel |
| GB08134168A GB2109317A (en) | 1981-11-12 | 1981-11-12 | Aluminium wheel |
| DE19813145164 DE3145164A1 (en) | 1978-08-04 | 1981-11-13 | Composite vehicle wheel |
| FR8122194A FR2516866A1 (en) | 1978-08-04 | 1981-11-26 | Multi-style aluminium wheel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08134168A GB2109317A (en) | 1981-11-12 | 1981-11-12 | Aluminium wheel |
| FR8122194A FR2516866A1 (en) | 1978-08-04 | 1981-11-26 | Multi-style aluminium wheel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2109317A true GB2109317A (en) | 1983-06-02 |
Family
ID=26222644
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08134168A Withdrawn GB2109317A (en) | 1978-08-04 | 1981-11-12 | Aluminium wheel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2109317A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998023455A1 (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-06-04 | Hayes Wheels International, Inc. | Universal vehicle wheel |
| EP1273462A1 (en) * | 2001-07-05 | 2003-01-08 | Lupini Targhe S.r.l. | Wheel overmask |
| DE102017222562A1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-13 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | vehicle |
-
1981
- 1981-11-12 GB GB08134168A patent/GB2109317A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998023455A1 (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-06-04 | Hayes Wheels International, Inc. | Universal vehicle wheel |
| US6068350A (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 2000-05-30 | Hayes Lemmerz International, Inc. | Universal vehicle wheel |
| US6460938B1 (en) | 1996-11-26 | 2002-10-08 | Hayes Lemmerz International, Inc. | Light-weight vehicle wheel |
| EP1273462A1 (en) * | 2001-07-05 | 2003-01-08 | Lupini Targhe S.r.l. | Wheel overmask |
| US6672676B2 (en) | 2001-07-05 | 2004-01-06 | Lupini Targhe S.R.L. | Wheel overmask |
| DE102017222562A1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-13 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | vehicle |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |