GB2105564A - Animal feedstuff - Google Patents
Animal feedstuff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2105564A GB2105564A GB08226311A GB8226311A GB2105564A GB 2105564 A GB2105564 A GB 2105564A GB 08226311 A GB08226311 A GB 08226311A GB 8226311 A GB8226311 A GB 8226311A GB 2105564 A GB2105564 A GB 2105564A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- feedstuff
- barley
- litter
- weight
- starch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010867 poultry litter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000010807 litter Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000021051 daily weight gain Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000209219 Hordeum Species 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930003231 vitamins Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 229940029983 VITAMINS Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940021016 Vitamin IV solution additives Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene (PE) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001438449 Silo Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound 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OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019749 Dry matter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000004767 Rumen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 Vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010960 commercial process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000078 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
Abstract
A feedstuff giving significant daily weight gain in cattle is produced by anaerobic fermentation of a mix of poultry litter with ground barley, tapioca or other sources of starch preferably having a moisture content of around 45% by weight.
Description
SPECIFICATION Cattle feedstuff This invention relates to animal feedstuff.
The use of treated poultry litter, with or without the inclusion of additives and supplement is known. Typical additives and supplements are vitamins, proteins, cereals and roughage.
It is also known that certain mixtures of litter and other materials such as barley and malt can be fermented under anaerobic conditions to produce a useful feedstuff for cattle.
Although the use of litter and admixtures thereof with other materials has been investigated and reported in a general sense, optimum manufacturing conditions which will produce consistent commercially acceptable quality have not hitherto been defined.
An object of the present invention is to provide a feedstuff and a commercial process for manufacturing same.
According to the present invention, there is provided an animal feedstuff comprising the product of the anaerobic fermentation of an intimate and uniform admixture of poultry litter and ground barley, tapioca or other sources of starch.
The present invention also provides a method of producing an animal feedstuff comprising preparing a moist intimate and uniform admixture of poultry litter and ground barley, tapioca or other sources of starch and fermenting the admixture under anaerobic conditions.
The preferred dry weight ratio of litter to barley, tapioca or other sources of starch is from 7 :3 to 3:7, preferably 1 and the preferred moisture content is from 40 to 50% by weight, preferably 45%.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the admixture contains a 1:1 dry weight ratio of litter to ground barley, tapioca or other sources of starch and a moisture content of 40 to 50% by weight, preferably 45%.
To obtain optium fermentation conditions the pH of the admixture should be maintained at from 4.0 to 5.0, preferably 4.2 to 4.7.
The production process may be carried out by communiting wood shavings, straw or paper based poultry litter and intimately admixing the comminuted material with the ground barley, tapioca or other sources of starch (hereinafter referred to simply as "barley") conveniently by passing the admixture a second time through the comminutor to ensure thorough mixing. From an analysis of the moisture content of the litter and the barley, tapioca or other sources of starch the additional amount of water required to give a content in the preferred range may be calculated. The additional water is added to the mixture, and again conveniently, the moist mix is passed through the comminutor to promote uniformity of moistening of the litter/barley mixture. The natural pH of poultry litter is 7.0 to 8.0 and but this reduces to around 4.5 as fermentation process proceeds.The fermentation process may be accelerated by acidifying the initial mix and this can conveniently be done by adding sulphuric acid to the moistering water. However, in practical terms, any time advantage obtained would probably be outweighed by the inconvenience and potential safety hazards associated with the handling of the corrosive acid. Other non-toxic acids may be used instead of sulphuric acid.
The invention will now be described, by way of illustration, in the following example.
EXAMPLE
Broiler poultry litter (straw based) was comminuted by passage through a mechanical mixer. The comminuted litter was admixed with an equal weight of ground barley and the mix passed again through the mixer to ensure intimate and uniform mixing.
The dry matter content of the barley was, fairly consistently, around 85% by weight whereas that of the litter varied between 55 and 75% by weight from batch to batch. From the known figures a volume of water required to bring the final water content of the mix to 45% by weight was calculated. The moist mixture was loaded into a silo lined with polyethylene sheet. The top was levelled and covered with polyethylene sheet which was weighted down.
The silo was closed and fermentation was allowed to proceed for a minimum period of 5 weeks and then removed for use as a cattle feed.
The product was fed to cattle on feed programmed basis in amounts which could be eaten by the cattle in the interval between feeds. In addition, since the amount of straw in the litter is low (about 1 5% dry weight) it was deemed necessary to supplement the animals intake of roughage to maintain normal function of the rumen. To this end each animal received one kilogram of straw per day. Also, to supply supplement mineral and vitamin levels to normally accepted levels, each animal was also fed one kilogram per day of fortified rolled barley, or alternative source of energy.
A record of weight gain of each animal under test was maintained over a period of 82 days.
The results are summarised below:
No. of Average Final average Average DLWG
Test animals initial/live live weight weight (Ibs/
Group in group weight (cwt) (cwt) gain (cwt) day) a 19 5.52 7.31 1.79 2.44 b 19 5.00 6.84 1.84 2.51 c 20 4.27 6.25 1.98 2.70 d 18 4.38 6.55 2.17 2.96 N DLWG means daily live weight gain.
Average DLWG over test period = 2.65 Ibs/day
Feed consumed over Test period:
Barley + minerals and vitamins = 6.64 tonnes
Average fed/head/day = 1.78libs Barley + Minerals and Vitamins left in stock = 0.6 tonnes
Total Barley meal fed with silage = 31.00 tonnes
Barley fed in silage/head/day = 8.33 libs Total barley fed/head/day =10.11 Ibs
At DLWG of 2.65 Ibs/day food converions = 3.8:1
Claims (7)
1. An animal feedstuff comprising the product of the anaerobic fermentation of an intimate and uniform admixture of poultry litter and ground barley, tapioca or other sources of starch.
2. A feedstuff as claimed in Claim 1 in which the starch source is ground barley.
3. A feedstuff as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 in which the ratio of starch source to litter is from 7 :3 to 3:7.
4. A feedstuff as claimed in Claim 3 in which the ratio is 1:1.
5. A feedstuff as claimed in any preceding claim in which the moisture content of the admixture is from 40 to 50 per cent by weight.
6. A feedstuff as claimed in Claim 5 in which the moisture content of the admixture is 45 per cent by weight.
7. An animal feedstuff according to Claim 1 substantially as hereinbefore described.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08226311A GB2105564A (en) | 1982-09-15 | 1982-09-15 | Animal feedstuff |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08226311A GB2105564A (en) | 1982-09-15 | 1982-09-15 | Animal feedstuff |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2105564A true GB2105564A (en) | 1983-03-30 |
Family
ID=10532928
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08226311A Withdrawn GB2105564A (en) | 1982-09-15 | 1982-09-15 | Animal feedstuff |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2105564A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2512366C2 (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2014-04-10 | Евгений Маркович Долгушин | Method for treatment of poultry droppings to be used as animal fodder |
-
1982
- 1982-09-15 GB GB08226311A patent/GB2105564A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2512366C2 (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2014-04-10 | Евгений Маркович Долгушин | Method for treatment of poultry droppings to be used as animal fodder |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |