GB2099976A

GB2099976A - Heat exchanger

Info

Publication number: GB2099976A
Application number: GB8117335A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: Russell Finex Ltd
Current assignee: Russell Finex Ltd
Priority date: 1981-06-05
Filing date: 1981-06-05
Publication date: 1982-12-15
Also published as: NO153983B; EP0067044A2; EP0067044B1; NO821884L; ATE18302T1; ES8306247A1; DE3269340D1; ES512854A0; GB2099976B; NO153983C; EP0067044A3

Abstract

A heat exchanger (1) comprises an annular vessel (10) containing a heat transfer fluid (11). Immersed in the fluid (11) is a plurality of flat spiral working tubes (15) forming part of a refrigerating circuit and also a plurality of flat spiral product tubes (20) carrying air to be cooled and thereby dried. Heat is extracted from the air in the tubes (20) by the refrigerant partly via the fluid (11) and partly via the mutual contact of adjacent alterate spirals of working and product tubes. Condensation is removed from the cooled air by a separator (28). <IMAGE>

Description

(12)UK Patent Application 9)G13 (11) 2 099 976A

(21) Application No 8117335 (22) Date of filing 5Jun 1981 (43) Application published 15 Dec 1982 (51) INTCL? F28D 21100 F25D 31100 F28D 7102 (52) Domestic classification F4S 1214 (56) Documents cited GB A 2009776 GB 1502461 GB 1462758 GB 1397013 GB 1290565 GB 1212679 GB 0920657 GB 0638310 (58) Field of search F4S F41Ull 1711 Annlivants

Front page Heading (71) Applicants forRussel Finex Limited read Russell Finex Limited for Russel House read Russell House THE PATENT OFFICE 27January 1983 (54) Heat exchanger (57) A heat exchanger (1) comprises an annular vessel (10) containing a heat transfer fluid (11). Immersed in the fluid (11) is a plurality of flat spiral working tubes (15) forming part of a refrigerating circuit and also a plurality of flat spiral product tubes (20) carrying air to be cooled and thereby dried. Heat is extracted from the air in the tubes (20) by the refrigerant partly via the fluid (11) and partly via the mutual contact of adjacent alterate spirals of working and producttubes. Condensation is removed from the cooled air by a separator (28).

ERRATUM SPECIFICATION NO 2099976A

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I.nii m .i LO LO LO %i m 1 GB 2 099 976 A 1 SPECIFICATION

Heatexchanger This invention relates to heat exchangers for heating or cooling a product f luid such as air.

The invention provides a heat exchanger for heating or cooling a product fluid, the exchanger comprising a vessel containing a heat transfer fluid, at least one working tube at least partially immersed in the heat transferfluid and having an inlet and an outlet for the passage therethrough of working fluid, and at least one product tube at least partially immersed in the heat transfer fluid and having an inlet and an outlet for the passage therethrough of the product fluid, whereby heat may be transferred between the product fluid and the working fluid through the heat transfer fluid.

The working tube or tubes and product tube or tubes are preferably arranged in general spiral configurations. Where there is a plurality of the working and/or product tubes, the working and product tubes are preferably arranged in alternate layers.

The vessel may have an annular interior containing the heat transfer fluid and tubes.

Preferably, the directions of flow in adjacent spirals are respectively inwardly and outwardly of the spirals, and the tubes of adjacent layers may abut each other. Furthermore, the directions of flow in abutting tubes of adjacent layers are preferably in opposite sense. Conveniently, the or each spiral is orientated substantially horizontally.

Pipes connected to the inlet and outlet of the or each working and/or product tube may typically pass 100 through a lower wall or the bottom of the vessel. The vessel is preferably a closed container.

In the case where the heat exchanger is used for cooling the product fluid, the working fluid would be a refrigerant which could be contained in a refrigerating circuit of which the working tubes form part. A thermostat is preferably provided which is responsive to the cooled product fluid to control the refrigerating circuit to prevent freezing of conde- nsate in the heat exchanger.

The product fluid may be air.

The heat exchanger may form part of a gas dryer, there being a separator connected to the outlet of the or each product tube for separating condensate from the cooled gas. Such a gas dryer may have a second 115 heat exchanger connected to the inlets of the or each product tube and to the separator for transferring heat from incoming gas to outgoing gas.

An embodiment of the invention will now be described, byway of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, which shows in diagrammatic elevation an air dryer incorporating a heat exchanger embodying the invention.

A heat exchanger generally indicated 1 comprises a vessel 10 defining an annular interior containing a heat transfer fluid 11 such as glycol solution. The vessel 10 is closed by a lid 12 which can be removed to allow inspection. The lid is fitted with a plastic venting cap (not shown) to prevent build-up of pressure in the vessel, the cap having a baffle to prevent spillage of glycol during transit. When the heat exchanger is installed, there is of course no need for the baffle.

A plurality of spiral working tubes 15 forming part of a refrigerating circuit for cooling the fluid 11 are immersed in this fluid in the vessel 10. The tubes 15 are supplied with refrigerant through input pipes 16 from a distributor (not shown). After flowing around the tubes 15, the refrigerant is collected atthe outer edges of the spirals in a collection pipe 18 which passes out through the bottom of the vessel 10 and conveys the refrigerant back to the compressor (not shown). Also immersed in the fluid 11 is a plurality of spiral producttubes 20 through which the product fluid - in this case the air to be dried - is passed to be cooled.

The refrigerating circuit is controlled by a thermostat (not shown) which is ideally responsive to the temperature of the air flowing from the product tubes 20 to prevent condensate freezing. Conveniently, the thermostat may comprise a capillary operating switch associated with a mercury bulb attached to a product tube 20 in a temperature well at the coldest part of the tube. The thermostat cuts the compressor out near freezing point, for example 10C, and cuts it in at for example 3'C. It will be appreciated that the choice of the temperature differential between stopping and starting the compressor is a compromise between the desire to achieve close control of the temperature and the undesirability of a short cycle time for the compressor.

The spirals are arranged horizontally in alternate abutting layers of working and product tubes; in the embodiment shown, each spiral has about four and a half turns but need only have a single overlapping turn. However, as will be understood, the greaterthe number of turns, the greaterthe resultant heat transfer.

Heat passesfrom the airto the refrigerant primarilythrough the fluid 11 but some heat is also transferred directlyfrom the producttubes 20 to the working tubes 15 by virtue of their mutual contact.

Flow of refrigerant in the working tube spirals is outward whereas flow of air in the product tubes is inward. Furthermore, flow in any portion of any tube is opposite in direction to the flow in the abutting tube portion of an adjacent layer. In this way, as the air flows along the tubes 20 it is adjacent progressively cooler refrigerant resulting in greater eff iciency of heat transfer.

The air to be dried is passed into a precooler/ reheater heat exchanger shown schematically at 21 and thence to a distribution manifold 22, any condensate being drained away through a liquid trap 23. Pipes 25 passing through the bottom of the vessel feed the airfrom the manifold 22 to the spiral producttubes 20 and the cooled airtravels out of the vessel 11 along output pipes 26 to a collection manifold 27 and thence along a pipe 31 to an air/condensate separator 28.

Condensate from the separator drains away through a trap 29 while the dried air passes out of the separator through a conduit 30 and through the heat exchanger 21 to emerge at B. It will be 2 GB 2 099 976 A 2 appreciated that the heat exchange in the exchanger 21 between the incoming wet air and the outgoing dry air causes the former to be precooled and the latter to be reheated.

All joints between the pipes 25,26 and manifolds 22,27 respectively and between pipe 31 and separator 28 and between conduit 30 and exchanger 21 are external and screw-threaded.

The above embodiment of the invention has the advantagethat due to the independent tubes for refrigerant and air all immersed in the heat transfer fluid, the airtubes may have small bores and therefore all joints in the air circuit can be screwthreaded. This allows easy inspection, maintenance and replacement of components.

Afurther advantage is thatthe intermediate heat transferfluid, such as glycol, in conjunction with the thermostat allows the air drierto be cycled according to demand, thus saving power costs at partial load conditions, and stabilizes the heat transfer process to control and maintain a minimum temperature of the air with minimum risk of freezing the condensate in the tubes.

Claims

1. A heat exchanger for heating or cooling a product fluid, the exchanger comprising a vessel containing a heat transfer fluid, at least one working tube at least partially im- mersed in the heat transfer fluid and having an inlet and an outlet forthe passage therethrough of at least one product tube at least partially im mersed in the heat transfer fluid and having an inlet 100 and an outlet for the passage therethrough of the productfluid, whereby heat may be transferred between the product fluid and the working fluid through the heat transferfluid.

2. A heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the or each working tube is arranged in a generally spiral configuration.

3. A heat exchanger as claimed in either Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the or each product tube is 110 arranged in a generally spiral configuration.

4. A heat exchanger as claimed in either Claim 2 or Claim 3 wherein there is a plurality of the working andlor producttubes and wherein the working and product tubes are arranged in alternate layers.

5. A heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 4 as dependent on Claim 3 as dependent on Claim 2 wherein the vessel has an annular interior containing the heat transfer fluid and tubes.

6. A heat exchanger as claimed either in Claim 4 as dependent on Claim 3 as dependent on Claim 2 or in Claim 5 wherein the directions of flow in adjacent spirals are respectively inwardly and outwardly of the spirals.

7. A heat exchanger as claimed in any of Claims 4to 6 wherein the tubes of adjacent layers abut each other.

8. A heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 7 wherein the directions of flow in abutting tubes of adjacent layers are in opposite sense.

9. A heat exchanger as claimed in anyone of Claims 2 to 8 wherein the or each spiral is orientated substantially horizontally.

10. A heat exchanger as claimed in any preced- ing claim further comprising pipes connected to the inlet and outlet of the or each working and/or product tube, which pipes pass through a lower wall or the bottom of the vessel.

11. A heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 10 wherein the vessel is a closed container.

12. A heat exchanger as claimed in any preceding claim for cooling the product fluid wherein the working fluid is a refrigerant contained in a refrigerating circuit of which the working tubes form part.

13. A heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 12 further comprising a thermostat responsive to the temperature of the cooled product fluid to control the refrigerating circuit to prevent freezing of condensate in the heat exchanger.

14. A heat exchanger as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the product fluid is air.

15. A gas dryer comprising a heat exchanger as claimed in Claims 13 and 14 and a separator connected to the outlet of the or each product tube for separating condensate from the cooled gas.

16. An air dryer substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawing.

Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, by Croydon Printing Company Limited, Croydon, Surrey, 1982. Published by The Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC2A 1AY, from which copies may be obtained.

16. A gas dryer as claimed in Claim 15 further comprising a second heat exchanger connected to the inlet of the or each product tube and to the separator for transferring heat from incoming gas to outgoing gas.

17. A heat exchanger substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawing.

18. An air dryer substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawing.

Amended Claims 1. A heat exchanger for heating or cooling a product fluid, the exchanger comprising a vessel containing a heat transfer fluid, at least one generally flat spiral working tube at least partially immersed in the heattransfer fluid and having an inlet and an outlet forthe passage therethrough of working fluid, and at least one generally flat spiral product tube at least partially immersed in the heat transfer fluid and having an inlet and an outlet for the passage therethrough of the productfluid, whereby heat may be transferred between the productfluid and the working fluid through the heat transferfluid.

2. A heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 1 wherein there is a plurality of the working and/or product tubes and wherein the working and product tubes are arranged in alternate layers.

3. A heat exchanger as claimed in either Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the vessel has an annular interior containing the heat transfer fluid and tubes.

4. A heat exchanger as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the directions of flow in adjacent spirals are respectively inwardly and outwardly of the spirals.

5. A heat exchanger as claimed in any preceding z 3 GB 2 099 976 A 3 claim wherein the tubes of adjacent spirals abut each other.

6. A heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the directions of flow in abutting tubes of 5 adjacent spirals are in opposite sence.

7. A heat exchanger as claimed in any preceding claim wherein each spiral is orientated substantially horizontally.

8. A heat exchanger as claimed in any preceding claim further comprising pipes connected to the inlet and outlet of the or each working and/or product tube, which pipes pass through a lower wall or the bottom of the vessel.

9. A heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 8 wherein the vessel is a closed container.

10. A heat exchanger as claimed in any preceding claim for cooling the product fluid wherein the working fluid is a refrigerant contained in a refrigerating circuit of which the or each working tube forms part.

11. A heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 10 further comprising a thermostat responsive to the temperature of the cooled product fluid to control the refrigerating circuit to prevent freezing of conde- nsate in the heat exchanger.

12. A heat exchanger as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the product fluid is air.

13. A gas dryer comprising a heat exchanger as claimed in Claim 11 or Claim 12, the product fluid being gas to be dryed, and a separator connected to the outlet of the or each product tube for separating condensate from the cooled gas.

14. A gas dryer as claimed in Claim 13 further comprising a second heat exchanger connected to the inlet of the or each product tube and to the separator for transferring heat from incoming gas to outgoing gas.

15. A heat exchanger substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawing.