GB2099241A - Electronic switch control circuit - Google Patents
Electronic switch control circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2099241A GB2099241A GB8039488A GB8039488A GB2099241A GB 2099241 A GB2099241 A GB 2099241A GB 8039488 A GB8039488 A GB 8039488A GB 8039488 A GB8039488 A GB 8039488A GB 2099241 A GB2099241 A GB 2099241A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- electronic circuit
- triac
- switch
- circuit according
- electronic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M5/25—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M5/257—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M5/2573—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/72—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
- H03K17/722—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit
- H03K17/723—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit using transformer coupling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/72—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
- H03K17/725—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region for ac voltages or currents
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
Abstract
The circuit comprises a voltage reducer, rectifier and regulator supplying low voltage current to an integrated logic circuit. A switch connected to the logic circuit controls the output to a triac firing circuit acting upon a triac, to control the voltage into a load, connected to a single phase mains supply. The logic circuit may be a J-K flip-flop acting as an on-off switch for a lamp energized via the triac, or a timer for timed operation of the lamp, or a lamp dimming circuit. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Electronic switches for industrial and domestic use
The invention covers an alternative system for switching electrical loads connected to the 240 Volt A.C.
mains. The system achieves switching by means of either low voltage D.C. switches or automatic signalling to activate solid state 240 Volt A.C. switches known as Triacs.
This system is particularly suited to domestic wiring installations and examples in this field will be used in the description.
The two principal areas of switching cover lighting circuits and power outlets.
1) Lighting circuits
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the low voltage switch fundamental components.
An electronic circuit located in the ceiling rose includes all five elements shown. By varying the logic circuit different functions may be achieved, i.e. on-off switching, time delay switching or light dimming.
The basic elements of the circuit are described as follows:a) Voltage reduction
This may be achieved by any of the following components:
(i) Transformer
(ii) Capacitor or (iii) Resistor as shown in Figure 2a, b and c. The voltage reduction to 12 volts A.C. is shown as being a suitable figure for example.
Figure 2(b) shows a buffer resistor R1 and a discharge resistor R2 connected in series and parallel with the capacitor.
b) Voltage rectification, smoothing and regulation
Figure 3a shows a full wave bridge rectifier (1) smoothing capacitor (2) and voltage regulator integrated circuit (3) which together provide the D.C. load requirements of the logic and triac firing circuits.
Figure 3b shows a half wave rectifier which may be used where voltage reduction is achieved using a resistor (Figure 2(c))
Figure 4 shows a simple addition to the circuit of Figure (3) to prevent excessive voltage damaging the integrated circuit.
The zerer diode (2) will conduct if excess voltage is present due to fluctuation in mains voltage or failure of the voltage reduction circuit. If the overvoltage is sufficiently high the fuse (1) will blow, protecting the switching circuit.
c) Logic circuit
This section of the circuit selects which mode of switching the light will operate under. The logic voltage is shown as being from '0' volts to 'V' volts whose value is dependant upon the integrated circuit technoiogy used.
(1) On-offswitching
This consists of a Flip-Flop integrated circuit as shown in Figure 5/at.
The supply is connected to pins 'a' and 'd'. The signal input from the remote light switch S1 is at terminal 'c'.
The flip-flop circuit works such that every time the input changes from +V to 0 and back to +V its output will change.
By holding the input at +V via resistor R every time the switch S is made and broken the output will change, performing the On-Off function.
(2) Time delayswitching
This mode of switch incorporates a timer integrated circuit as shown in Figure 5(b).
The supply is connected to pins 'a' and 'b'. The signal from the remote light switch S1 is received at terminal 'c' and initiates the integrated circuit timer.
The output will remain ON, (or OFF if selected), for a time period set by the external components RT and CT.
By utilising a variable resistor for Rthe time period can be varied. Alternatively the timing may be achieved digitally from a zero voltage detector and binary counter with the time period set by a binary switch as shown in Figure 5(c).
(3) Light dimmer switch
The integrated circuit for the light dimmer is supplied at pins 'a' and 'b' by the D.C. voltage as shown in
Figure 5/do. An additional A.C. supply is connected via a series resistor R.S. to pin 'c'. This enables the circuit to detect the A.C. frequency as shown in Figure 6by). If the switch S1 is made momentarily control voltage will be supplied to the output. If the switch is made for a longer period the output will not be attained until a proportional time, T, after the mains frequency crosses zero volts. This is accomplished by the external detector circuit, D.C. A typical output is shown in Figure 6(b) where the delay before switching T, each half cycle, reduces the overall power to the light via the triac.
The light is turned off by a further momentary action of the switch S1.
These functions may be achieved by linear or digital circuits in the integrated circuit.
(4) Triac firing circuit
The output from the integrated circuit may actuate the Triac by the following means of applying voltage to the Triac gate.
(1) Relay
(2) Pulse Transformer
(3) Zero voltage switch (hereinafter referred to as ZVS)
(4) Opto coupled transistor.
These circuits are shown in Figures 7/at, (b), (c) and (d).
The circuits have been described using the discrete components presently available, but it is possible to accommodate a number of the elements into a single integrated circuit to reduce the overall size of the unit for installation into a ceiling rose. Additionally an integrated circuit may be designed to perform all three modes of switching and rationalise the completed system.
Power circuits
There are two main types of power circuit related to the type of appliance to be used.
Power outlets for:
1) Permanently connected loads, i.e. immersion heaters, electric clocks, electric washers etc.
Power sockets for:
2) Other appliances for occasional use such as radio, television, electric fires etc.
Separate power outlets are required for the two types as the latter socket is designed to automatically switch on when the appliance itself is turned on. The former type need to be actuated by a switched outlet.
The circuits feature zero voltage switched triacs which operate as shown in Figure 8.
As the mains frequency crosses zero voltage (Figure 8(a)) a short pulse of electricity (Figure 86b)) is applied to the gate of the triac. If the load starts drawing current the triac will sustain itself in conduction until the next zero voltage crossing when another pulse will be applied to the gate. The gate pulses are received from the zero voltage switch integrated circuit which is controlled by a logic circuit.
1) Power outlets
The power outlet allows the load to be switched directly at the outlet. Figure 9 shows the elements of the circuit. The zero voltage switch is connected to the mains supply by a voltage reduction circuit as described under the heading 'Light Switches', which establishes an internal D.C. voltage supply for the switch and external logic circuits. To enable the load to be turned on and off a set-reset flip-flop circuit is connected to the ZVS. Two external switches S1 and S2 turn the triac on and off via ZVS. This may similarly be achieved with one switch using a J-K flip-flop.
2) Power sockets
Figure 10 shows the logic wiring diagram for a load connected to the mains electricity supply via a switched power socket.
When the socket is turned on there is voltage across the load switch as at A. This may be used as a signal by connecting, say a neon bulb at point A. When the socket is off and the load is turned on a similar neon connected at B will show this switch to be made.
The socket switch is replaced by a zero voltage switched triac, and the neon indicators will light as follows.
Neon A Neon B
Load Switch on
Triac off OFF ON
Triac on, load switch on ON OFF
When the load switch is turned off the triac will turn off at the next zero voltage crossing of the mains supply turning indicator B off and inhibiting further gate pulses. Therefore whenever power is called for or being supplied there is a light signal available to actuate a light activated integrated circuit connected to the
ZVS integrated circuit as in Figure 71. An additional external switch S is actuated by the power plug entering the socket fully and will inhibittriac actuation if the plug is not fully entered or is removed when the appliance is still turned on.
As the neons A and B are effectively connected in series across the mains supply at all times it is necessary to de-coupie them by incorporating series diodes.
The voltage changes in the circuit which actuate the neons may be similarly used to operate directly onto a specially designed ZVS capable of responding to such signals.
The combination of lighting and power switching circuits completely eliminates the need for manually operated mains switches therefore avoiding the possibility of electrocution.
CLAIMS (Filed on 8Dec1981) 1. An electronic control circuit comprising a voltage reducer, rectifier and regulator to produce a low voltage D.C. supply for operation of an integrated circuit whose output is controlled by low voltage switches requiring two conductors for any number of switch locations, said output actuating a Triac in series with the mains load to be controlled.
2. Electronic circuit according to Claim 1 in which a timer element of said integrated circuit turns off said
Triac after a preset time interval.
3. Electronic circuit according to Claim 1 in which a J-Kflip flop element of said integrated circuit inverts said Triac state after every switch 'make and break' operation.
4. Electronic circuit according to Claim 3 wherein additional Set and Reset switches control said Triac state.
5. Electronic circuit according to Claim 1 wherein switch contacts incorporate linear or rotary varistors for phase control of mains load via said Triac.
6. Electronic circuit according to any one of the preceding claim where load actuation is effected by electrical sensing of said load's switch contacts operating electronic sensor input to said electronic circuit.
7. Electronic circuit according to any one of the preceding claims in which said electronic ciccuit is controlled by a temperature sensing device.
8. Electronic circuit according to any one of the preceding claims in which said electronic circuit is controlled by a fluid level sensing device.
9. Electronic circuit according to any one of the preceding claims in which said electronic circuit is produced from discrete components.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (9)
1. An electronic control circuit comprising a voltage reducer, rectifier and regulator to produce a low voltage D.C. supply for operation of an integrated circuit whose output is controlled by low voltage switches requiring two conductors for any number of switch locations, said output actuating a Triac in series with the mains load to be controlled.
2. Electronic circuit according to Claim 1 in which a timer element of said integrated circuit turns off said
Triac after a preset time interval.
3. Electronic circuit according to Claim 1 in which a J-Kflip flop element of said integrated circuit inverts said Triac state after every switch 'make and break' operation.
4. Electronic circuit according to Claim 3 wherein additional Set and Reset switches control said Triac state.
5. Electronic circuit according to Claim 1 wherein switch contacts incorporate linear or rotary varistors for phase control of mains load via said Triac.
6. Electronic circuit according to any one of the preceding claim where load actuation is effected by electrical sensing of said load's switch contacts operating electronic sensor input to said electronic circuit.
7. Electronic circuit according to any one of the preceding claims in which said electronic ciccuit is controlled by a temperature sensing device.
8. Electronic circuit according to any one of the preceding claims in which said electronic circuit is controlled by a fluid level sensing device.
9. Electronic circuit according to any one of the preceding claims in which said electronic circuit is produced from discrete components.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8039488A GB2099241B (en) | 1980-12-10 | 1980-12-10 | Electronic switch control circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8039488A GB2099241B (en) | 1980-12-10 | 1980-12-10 | Electronic switch control circuit |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2099241A true GB2099241A (en) | 1982-12-01 |
| GB2099241B GB2099241B (en) | 1985-07-10 |
Family
ID=10517873
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8039488A Expired GB2099241B (en) | 1980-12-10 | 1980-12-10 | Electronic switch control circuit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2099241B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2122039A (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1984-01-04 | Gen Electric | Ballast circuit for incandescent lamp |
| DE3406586A1 (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1984-08-30 | Felipe Malaga Bonilla Rubio | STATIC INTERRUPTER WITH ADJUSTABLE TIMING AND RESTRICTED INSERT FOR LIGHTING HOUSE ENTRANCES AND STAIRWAYS |
| GB2175463A (en) * | 1985-05-12 | 1986-11-26 | Michael Shmuel Howard | Ballasts and transformerless power supplies |
| GB2179213A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1987-02-25 | Hayashibara Ken | Surge current limiting circuit |
| GB2276049A (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1994-09-14 | Concorde Security Syst Ltd | Intruder deterrent lamp-control device |
| EP2148555A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-27 | Citylone | AC-dimmer for a discharge lamp |
| CN104837250A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-08-12 | 湖南工业大学 | Single-live-wire low-harmonic-wave adjustment method for controlling brightness of LED lamp |
| CN104837255A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-08-12 | 湖南工业大学 | Single-live-wire wall-controlled dimming method for LED lamp |
-
1980
- 1980-12-10 GB GB8039488A patent/GB2099241B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2122039A (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1984-01-04 | Gen Electric | Ballast circuit for incandescent lamp |
| US4473776A (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1984-09-25 | General Electric Company | Disconnect means for capacitor ballast incandescent lamp |
| DE3406586A1 (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1984-08-30 | Felipe Malaga Bonilla Rubio | STATIC INTERRUPTER WITH ADJUSTABLE TIMING AND RESTRICTED INSERT FOR LIGHTING HOUSE ENTRANCES AND STAIRWAYS |
| GB2135839A (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1984-09-05 | Rubio Felipe Bonilla | Switch assembly with adjustable timing for use in lighting entrances and stairways |
| GB2175463A (en) * | 1985-05-12 | 1986-11-26 | Michael Shmuel Howard | Ballasts and transformerless power supplies |
| US4716511A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1987-12-29 | Ken Hayashibara | Surge current-limiting circuit |
| GB2179213A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1987-02-25 | Hayashibara Ken | Surge current limiting circuit |
| GB2179213B (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1989-08-23 | Hayashibara Ken | Surge current limiting circuit |
| GB2276049A (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1994-09-14 | Concorde Security Syst Ltd | Intruder deterrent lamp-control device |
| EP2148555A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-27 | Citylone | AC-dimmer for a discharge lamp |
| FR2934455A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-29 | Citylone | DEVICE FOR MODULATING THE POWER SUPPLY OF A DISCHARGE BULB |
| CN104837250A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-08-12 | 湖南工业大学 | Single-live-wire low-harmonic-wave adjustment method for controlling brightness of LED lamp |
| CN104837255A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-08-12 | 湖南工业大学 | Single-live-wire wall-controlled dimming method for LED lamp |
| CN104837255B (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2017-05-17 | 湖南工业大学 | Single-live-wire wall-controlled dimming method for LED lamp |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2099241B (en) | 1985-07-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |