GB2097776A - Injection composition for strengthening freshly-cut rock - Google Patents
Injection composition for strengthening freshly-cut rock Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2097776A GB2097776A GB8212834A GB8212834A GB2097776A GB 2097776 A GB2097776 A GB 2097776A GB 8212834 A GB8212834 A GB 8212834A GB 8212834 A GB8212834 A GB 8212834A GB 2097776 A GB2097776 A GB 2097776A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- approx
- injection
- coal
- composition
- fired power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940052299 calcium chloride dihydrate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002713 calcium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004079 fireproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- ARLZGEXVMUDUQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.[Ca] Chemical compound O.O.[Ca] ARLZGEXVMUDUQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/062—Purification products of smoke, fume or exhaust-gases
- C04B18/064—Gypsum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/16—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing anhydrite, e.g. Keene's cement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
- E21D9/002—Injection methods characterised by the chemical composition used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
An injection composition for strengthening freshly-cut rock, preferably after driving a mine gallery therethrough, comprises approx. 60% gypsum, obtained for example, from flue gas desulphuration plants downstream of coal or oil- fired power stations, approx. 11 % anhydrite, approx. 15% electrofilter dust, similarly obtained from the downstream side of coal-fired power stations, approx. 3% fibres, approx. 11% cement and approx. 2.5% calcium chloride dihydrate, preferably sluiced out downstream of a coal- fired power station flue gas desulphuration plant. Furthermore, it is possible to add to the composition 0.3 to 2% of a stearate, preferably aluminium tristearate.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Injection composition for strengthening freshly-cut rock
It is known to line newly driven mine galleries in underground mine workings, whether formed by firing or cutting, by what is known as injection concreting using an injection composition preferably consisting of a mixture of cement and sand.
Furthermore, it is known to use plastics-like injection compositions which are likewise intended to strengthen the freshly-cut rock.
Injection compositions comprising a mixture of cement and sand are also known.
The disadvantages of these known compositions is that, on one hand, an insufficient degree of strength is achieved and, on the other hand, even with the incorporation of various materials such as steel fibres, plasticsfibres or glass fibres, the injection compositions are not sufficiently elastic to prevent bursting. Plastics injection compositions are, furthermore, comparatively expensive and do not conform with existing fire-proofing requirements.
The object of the invention therefore, it to provide an injection composition which is capable of conforming to existing requirements and which, for the most part, contains as fillers waste materials which are toxically unobjectionable and have no other use.
According to the invention, therefore such a mixture comprises:
1. approx. 60% gypsum obtained for example, from flue gas desulphurising plant on the downstream side of coal or oil-fired power stations;
2. approx. 1 1% anhydrite;
3. approx. 15% electrofilter ash, obtained for example from the downstream side of coalfired power stations;
4. approx. 3% mineral wool;
5. approx. 1 1% cement;
6. approx. 2.5% calcium chloride dihydrate, preferably extracted from flue gas desulphurising washing concentrate.
It has been found that by combining these substances and using normal injection techniques using rotary injection machines, a degree of strength is achieved which,even after five minutes, solved the problems usually associated with consolidating the adjacent rock.
Advantageously, the addition of calcium chloride has given rise to an almost dust-free blowing mixture which is very valuble underground and which at the same time, apart from binding the dust, quickly renders the composition capable of load-bearing.
In order to achieve, in the freshly-cut rock, a strength which in minutes exceeds 70 kp/sq.cm, it is according to a further feature of the invention, proposed to use an injection composition to which, in place of mineral wool fibres, e.g. glass fibres and/or steel fibres, a natural anhydrite, preferably a synthetic anhydrite and a stearate, preferably aluminium tristearate, is added.
This rapidly provides a load-bearing property to the properties of consolidation needed for freshly-cut rock.
The supplementary mixture according to the further feature of the invention is listed hereinafter.
A stearate, preferably aluminium tristearate, provides the advantage required.
The amount of the said specific stearate or mixture of various stearates is preferably in the range of from 0.3 to 2% since it is this range which guarantees the specific properties required for the gailery consolidation material.
It has been found that aluminium tristearate guarantees a bending, traction and compression strength which in the past has been achieved only with expensive additives such as epoxy resin and alpha gypsums, epoxy resins only being allowed in underground mining as a last resort since, with the risk of fire, they constitute a danger to workers and because the formaldehyde in the resins is a serious inconvenience in the working area due to constant evaporation. In contrast, the price of the injection composition according to the invention is only a fraction of that of hitherto known consolidating composition using binding resin additives.
The mixture according to the aforementioned further feature of the invention is:
1. approx. 60% gypsum, preferably obtained from flue gas desulphuration downstream of coal or oil-fired power stations or gas cleaning systems of other combustion equipment;
2. approx. 11% anhydrite, preferably synthetic anhydrite;
3. approx. 15% electrofilter dust, likewise preferably obtained from the downstream side of coal-fired power stations;
4. approx. 3% fibrous reinforcing substances;
5. approx. 11% cement or quality grade PZ 450F and/or PZ 550 F, PZ 600 F;
6. approx. 2.5% calcium chloride dihydrate, preferably sluiced out downstream of the flue gas desulphuration plant in coal or oil-fired power stations;
7. 0.3 to 2% stearates or mixtures thereof, preferably aluminium tristearate.
1. An injection composition, preferably for strengthening adjacent rock after mine galleries have been driven, comprising approx.
60% gypsum, obtained for example, from flue gas desulphuration plant downstream of coal of oil-fired power stations, approx. 11% anhydrite, approx. 15% electrofilter dust, preferably obtained downstream of coal-fired power stations, approx. 3% mineral wool fibres, ap
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (6)
1. approx. 60% gypsum, preferably obtained from flue gas desulphuration downstream of coal or oil-fired power stations or gas cleaning systems of other combustion equipment;
2. approx. 11% anhydrite, preferably synthetic anhydrite;
3. approx. 15% electrofilter dust, likewise preferably obtained from the downstream side of coal-fired power stations;
4. approx. 3% fibrous reinforcing substances;
5. approx. 11% cement or quality grade PZ 450F and/or PZ 550 F, PZ 600 F;
6. A method of strengthening a newly driven mine gallery by injecting the surrounding rock with a composition as claimed in any preceding claim.
6. approx. 2.5% calcium chloride dihydrate, preferably sluiced out downstream of the flue gas desulphuration plant in coal or oil-fired power stations;
7. 0.3 to 2% stearates or mixtures thereof, preferably aluminium tristearate.
1. An injection composition, preferably for strengthening adjacent rock after mine galleries have been driven, comprising approx.
60% gypsum, obtained for example, from flue gas desulphuration plant downstream of coal of oil-fired power stations, approx. 11% anhydrite, approx. 15% electrofilter dust, preferably obtained downstream of coal-fired power stations, approx. 3% mineral wool fibres, ap prox. 1 1 % cement and approx. 2.5% calcium chloride dihydrate, preferably sluiced out on the downstream side of coal-fired power station flue gas desulphuration plant.
2. An injection composition according to
Claim 1, characterised in that the anhydrite is synthetic anhydrite.
3. An injection composition according to
Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that approx.
2.5% calcium dihydrate is added to the composition.
4. An injection composition according to any preceding claim, characterised in that 0.3 to 2% stearate preferably aliminium tristearate, is added to the composition.
5. An injection composition substantially as hereinbefore described.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19813117436 DE3117436A1 (en) | 1981-05-02 | 1981-05-02 | Gunning compounds for consolidating freshly cut rock, preferably for mining galleries |
| DE19813124001 DE3124001A1 (en) | 1981-06-19 | 1981-06-19 | Injection compositions for the consolidation of freshly cut rock, preferably for mining tunnels, having early-bearing flexural, tensile and compressive strength |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2097776A true GB2097776A (en) | 1982-11-10 |
| GB2097776B GB2097776B (en) | 1985-07-24 |
Family
ID=25793001
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8212834A Expired GB2097776B (en) | 1981-05-02 | 1982-05-04 | Injection composition for strengthening freshly-cut rock |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2504912A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2097776B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2578831A1 (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-09-19 | Weber Sa A | PROCESS FOR RAPID CURING OF NATURAL ANHYDRITE |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104790958B (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2017-06-09 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of anti-prominent green safety high efficient driving method of anaerobic for protruding coal road |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1038892A (en) * | 1974-05-28 | 1978-09-19 | William L. Copeland | Construction cement composition |
| FR2301492A2 (en) * | 1975-02-20 | 1976-09-17 | Iu Conversion Systems | Cement grout obtd. from gas washing muds - uses lime and limestone added for washing and fly ash in the gas |
| FR2416205A2 (en) * | 1978-01-31 | 1979-08-31 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | IMPROVEMENT OF THE WET GYPSUM / PLASTER MIX COMPACTION PROCESS |
| DE2923545C2 (en) * | 1979-06-09 | 1986-08-28 | Ruhrkohle Ag | Process for the elimination and economic recycling of the residue from the waste gas scrubbing of furnaces in connection with waste products |
| DE3113714C2 (en) * | 1981-03-14 | 1985-09-19 | Hölter, Heinz, Dipl.-Ing., 4390 Gladbeck | Process for the recycling of waste products from coal-fired power stations as roadside dam material and backfill material and material produced according to the process |
-
1982
- 1982-04-30 FR FR8207578A patent/FR2504912A1/en active Pending
- 1982-05-04 GB GB8212834A patent/GB2097776B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2578831A1 (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-09-19 | Weber Sa A | PROCESS FOR RAPID CURING OF NATURAL ANHYDRITE |
| EP0198780A1 (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-10-22 | A. Weber, S.A. | Process for the fast hardening of natural anhydrite |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2097776B (en) | 1985-07-24 |
| FR2504912A1 (en) | 1982-11-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |