GB2097454A - Mine roof support - Google Patents
Mine roof support Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2097454A GB2097454A GB8211709A GB8211709A GB2097454A GB 2097454 A GB2097454 A GB 2097454A GB 8211709 A GB8211709 A GB 8211709A GB 8211709 A GB8211709 A GB 8211709A GB 2097454 A GB2097454 A GB 2097454A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- support
- mine roof
- source
- pressure
- roof
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/16—Hydraulic or pneumatic features, e.g. circuits, arrangement or adaptation of valves, setting or retracting devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/0004—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor along the working face
- E21D23/0034—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor along the working face comprising a goaf shield articulated to a base member
- E21D23/0043—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor along the working face comprising a goaf shield articulated to a base member and supported by two or more rows of struts parallel to the working face
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/04—Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floor
- E21D23/0409—Aligning or guiding means for the supports or for the constitutive parts of the supports
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
Abstract
A method of mining a mineral in which a roof is supported by a plurality of mine roof supports A, B, C [of the kind specified] comprising floor engaging members 1, roof engaging members 2 and props 3, each advanceable by a force applied to a lower part 1 thereof. During advance of the support an upper part 2 thereof can be sufficiently retarded, by hydraulic jacks 9 carried, by each of its adjacent supports, with respect to the advance of its lower part. This causes the support effectively to rotate and to raise the leading end of the lower part away from the ground on which it is advancing. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Mine roof support
This invention relates to mine roof supports of the kind having
(a) a floor-engaging member,
(b) a roof-engageable member,
(c) a hydraulic prop or props by which the height of the roof-engageable member can be adjusted with respect to the floor-engaging member, and
(d) linkage means connecting the floorengaging member and the roof-engageable member so that, in use, no substantial bending loads are transmitted to the hydraulic prop or props.
Such a mine roof support is hereinafter referred to as "a mine roof support of the kind specified".
Mine roof Supports of the kind specified are arranged side-by-side, along a mineral face being cut, with the roof-engageable members urged against the mine roof, to support the roof in the region of that face. As the face is being cut, each mine roof support is released from its engagement with the root is caused to advance towards the newly-exposed face by the application of a force to its floor-engaging member, say, by a hydraulically-operated ram, and when in its new position is caused to engage the roof to support the roof.
One species of mine roof support of the kind specified, commonly referred to as a shield support, has linkage means formed by a shield member hingedly connected to the roofengageable member or canopy and hingedly connected to the floor-engaging member. For the purpose of closing the gap between the canopy of one shield support and the canopy of the shield support next to it, each of the shield supports has a side flap or side shield which, by means of a hydraulic ram or hydraulic rams, can be urged away from the canopy so as to engage the canopy or a similar side shield of an adjacent shield support. Such a side shield, during advance of a shield support, only lightly engages the canopy or side shield of an adjacent shield support, so as not to interfere with the advance.
There are some occasions when a shield support deviates from its intended direction of advance. In order to re-align such a shield support, a higher pressure has been applied to the side shield of that shield support or of the adjacent shield support which engages the advancing roof support in order to steer the advancing shield support along its intended direction of advance.
During the time that the higher pressure is applied there has been no retardation of the advance of the roof support.
A mine roof support of the kind specified, for example a shield support, tends to be heavy and has applied to it heavy loads. As a consequence, particularly if a part of the floor, over which the floor-engaging member slides during the advance of a mine roof support, is solft, the leading end of the floor-engaging member may penetrate into the ground and interfere with the advance of the
mine roof support. Furthermore, if the floor is
uneven, for example stepped, the leading end of the floor-engaging member may not be able to climb over the step.
Mine roof supports of the kind specified, for example a shield support, have been constructed in various ways in an attempt to overcome the problem of the leading end of the floor-engaging member penetrating into a sait floor. Each construction has had its sholt-comings.
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved mine roof support of the kind specified.
This invention provides:- A. A method of mining a mineral in which a roof is supported by a plurality of mine roof supports of the Icind specified, each being advanceable by a force applied to a lower part thereof, and in which, during advance of a support, an upper part thereof can be suficiently retarded, by each of its adjacent supports; with respect to the advance of its lower part, to cause the support effectively to rotate and to raise the leading end of the lower part away from the ground on which it is advancing.
B. An assembly of mine roof supports of the kind specified, having means for advancing each support by a force applied to the lower part of the support and means for causing the upper part of a support sufficiently to be retarded, by each of its adjacent Supports, with respect to the advance of 115 lower part, to cause the support, when advancing, effectively to rotate and to raise the forward portion of the lower part away from the ground.
C. A mine roof support ol the kind specified having a lower part, and an upper part and means urgeable away from the upper part to contact the upper parts of, or corresponding means of, both its adjacent supports when the roof supports is ranged with other roof supports along a mineral face, with such force that, when the roof support is odvanc;nrj- by a force applied to its lower part the support will be caused effectively to rc Za e a ia to raise the forward portion of the lower part a @@@
from the ground.
A mine roof support or the kind specified in accordance with the in-'ention may have an abutment member associated with one side cf an upper part of the roof support, e.g. the roofengaging member or canopy, which can be urged by at least one hydraulically-operated piston-and- cylinder device into a,,'--utting contact the roof- engaging member or canopy of en adjacent roof support. Alternatively, e n-i-.--- roof support of the kind specified in accordc.nse with the invention may have an abutment member associated with one side of an upper part of the roof support, e.g.
the roof engaging member or canopy, and a second abutment member associated with the other side of the roof-engageable member or canopy, each of which can be urged by at least one associated hydraulically-operated piston-and- cylinder device into abutting contact w-th a similar abutment member of an adjacent roof support or with the roof-engageable member or canopy of Cii adjacent roof support.
The retarding means may, conveniently, be a value which, when operated; connects appropriate piston-and-cylinder devices to a source of high pressure to effect retardation of the upper part of an advancing roof support, by effectively "jamming" it between its two adjacent roof supports, with respect to its lower part.
A mine roof support of the kind specified in accordance with the invention may be a shield support and may have a so-called lemniscate linkage between the floor-engaging member and the shield. The abutment member may be the customary side-shield hitherto used to close the gap between the roof-engaging member or canopy of one shield support and the adjacent shield support and, in some cases, when its piston-and-cylinder device(s) is(a re) subject to high pressure, used to steer, with little or no effective retardation, an advancing shield support.
In those installations where the side shields are not only used to close the gap between a shield support and its neighbour but also urged by a higher pressure to steer that support, that higher pressure may also be employed, when necessary, to cause side shields sufficiently to retard the upper part of a roof support, whereby it can effectively rotate.
The retarding means may be under the control of a miner who will watch an advancing roof support, conveniently from the shelter of another and non-advancing roof support, and will operate the retarding means, on the non-advancing roof support, when it is required to lift the leading end of the advancing roof support.
When the leading end of a roof support has been lifted, it may be necessary to stop the advance of the roof support until the floor has been so treated, for example packed with dirt, that there will be no interference with the movement of the roof support when the retarding means is rendered inoperative and the advance is resumed.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a side view of a mine roof support of the kind specified in accordance with one embodiment of the invention,
Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings is a rear view of three mine roof supports of the kind specified in accordance with an embodiment of the invention (the linkage means being removed), and
Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings shows the relevant parts of the hydraulic circuits of the three mine roof supports shown in Figure 2.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, each of the mine roos supports A, B and C includes a floor-engaging member 1, a roof-engageable member2, hydraulic props 3 by which the height of the roofengageable member 2 can be adjusted with respect to the floor-engaging member 1. A hydraulic advancing jack 4 is carried by the floorengaging member and, when the roof support is in use in front of a mineral face being cut, the jack 4 will be connected to a suitable abutment, e.g. a conveyor, which removes mineral which has been cut from the mineral face. When the mine roof support is released from its engagement with a roof, the advancing jack can be operated so that a force is applied to the lower part of the mine roof support, thereby to cause advancing movement of the mine roof support.
At the rear of each support is the linkage means formed by a shield 5 and a so-called iemniscate linkage 7.
At one side of each roof-engageable member 2, there is disposed a plate-like member 8 which can be displaced from a position closely-adjacent to the side of the roof-engageable member 2 to a position located away from that side and vice versa. The displacement is under control of two hydraulically-operated piston-and-cylinder devices 9 (only one of which is visible on each mine roof support in Figure 2) which are carried by and housed below the upper surface of a roofengageable member 2.
During the advance of a mine roof support B, with respect to the mine roof support A, which may already have advanced and will be set against a roof, and mine roof support C, which has yet to advance and is set against a roof, movement of the leading end portion of its floor-engaging member 1 may be arrested, say by reason of digging into a soft floor.When a miner under the shelter of a mine roof support, who is observing the advancing operation of mine roof support B, sees that movement of the leading end portion is being arrested, he will, as will be described below with reference to Figure 2,
(i) cause energisation of the hydraulicallyoperated piston-and-cylinder devices 9 of mine roof support A so that plate 8 extends into firm contact with the roof-engageable member 2 of mine roof support B, and
(ii) cause energisation of the hydraulicallyoperated piston-and-cylinder devices 9 of mine roof support B so that plate 8 extends into firm contact with the roof-engageable member 2 of mine roof support C.
The forces exerted against the said two roofengageable members will be such that the roofengageable member 2 of mine roof support B will be sufficiently retarded with respect to its floorengaging member 1 to cause mine roof support B effectively to rotate and to raise the leading end of its floor-engaging member away from the floor to clear the obstruction.
The miner will cause the hydraulically-operated piston-and-cylinder devices 9 to retract and to free the roof-engageable member 2 of mine roof support B, when the obstruction has been cleared by the leading end.
In the case of shield supports, each plate-like member 8 may be part of the customary side flap or side shield and the hdyraulically-operated piston-and-cylinder devices 9 may be the hydraulic rams normaily employed to operate a side flap or side shield. In such a case it will be necessary to energise the hydraulic rams with a pressure greater than that previously used (when the plate-like member has only lightly-engaged another roof-engageable member for the sole purpose of closing the gap between one such member and another) in order effectively to jam one roof-engageable member between two adjacent roof-engageable members to effect the necessary retardation of the upper part of a mine roof support.
Referring now to Figure 3, each mine roof support
A, B and C, has the customary and well-known block 10 containing the valves by which the hydraulic props can be caused to extend into contact with a roof to be supported, to contract away from the roof when the support has to be advanced from one roof-supporting position to another, and by which the advancing jack can be operated to cause the mine roof support to advance from the one position to the other.
Each mine roof support A, B and C also has the customary and well-known rotary-selector valve 11 which, in the position shown in Figure 3, connects each side of the piston of the two hydraulically-operated piston-and-cylinder devices 9 to a source of low pressure. Each piston is of the well-known differential area type and the effect of the low pressure is to cause the plate 8 of a mine roof support lightly to engage the roof-engageable member 2 of an adjacent roof support, thereby to close the gap between the roof-engageable members of two adjacent roof supports.
If the rotary selector valve 11 of a mine roof support is moved into another of its positions, the hydraulically-operated piston-and-cylinder devices 9 of that mine roof support only are connected to a source of higher pressure for the purpose of "steering" or "aligning" the relative positions of that roof support and an adjacent support. This "steering" or "aligning" operation is carried out when the appropriate mine roof supports are not advancing.
If the rotary selector valve 11 of a mine roof support is moved to yet another position the hydraulically-operated piston-and-cylinder devices 9 of that mine roof support can be contracted.
In each of the above mentioned positions of the rotary selector valve 11, only the hydraulicallyoperated piston-and-cylinder devices 9 of the mine roof support having that rotary selector valve are energised.
In accordance with the invention, each mine roof support has a "retarding" or "baselift" valve 12.
The retarding valve 12 of a mine roof support, say support C, can be moved from the position shown in Figure 3 to another position in which
(i) the high pressure supply line is connected by way of line 13 to a shuttle valve 14 and to a shuttle valve 1 5 of mine roof support B to the hydraulically-operated piston-and-cylinder devices 9 of mine roof support B, and
(ii) the high pressure supply line is connected by way of line 13 to a shuttle valve 14 and to a shuttle valve 1 5 of mine roof support A to the hydraulically-operated piston-and-cylinder devices 9 of mine roof support A.
Thus if a miner, sheltering under mine roof support C and observing the advance of mine roof support B, sees that the leading-end portion of the floor-engaging member of mine roof support B is likely to hit an obstruction or to dig into a floor, he can operate the retarding valve 1 2 of mine roof support C. This will cause the plates 8 of mine roof support B, which had only been in light contact with, firmly to engage, the roof-engageable member of mine roof support C, and will cause the plates of mine roof support A, which had only been in light contact with, firmly to engage, the roof-engageable member of mine roof support B.
The firm engagements are such that the roofengageable member of mine roof support B is effectively jammed between the roof-engageable members of mine roof supports A and C. This causes the roof-engageable member of mine roof support B sufficiently to be retarded to cause mine roof support B effectively to rotate and raise the leading end of the floor-engaging member of mine roof support B away from the floor.
When, subsequently, the miner restores retarding valve 12 of mine roof support C to the position shown in the drawing, the shuttle valves move so that the high pressure on the devices 9 of mine roof supports A and B will be lost, and the devices 9 will operate as formerly.
In another embodiment of the invention, each mine roof support of the kind specified may have
(a) hydraulically-operated piston-and-cylinder device(s) and a plate at one side of its roofengageable member and may have
(b) hydraulically-operated piston-and-cylinder device(s) and another plate at the other side of its roof-engageable member.
The retarding valve of a mine roof support will be arranged to connect the devices on both sides of another support to the source of pressure so that the two plates will move in opposite directions into contact with the plate of two adjacent supports.
Claims (12)
1. A method of mining a mineral in which a roof is supported by a plurality of mine roof supports of the kind specified each advanceable by a force applied to a lower part thereof and in which, during advance of a support, an upper part thereof can be sufficiently retarded, by each of its adjacent supports, with respect to the advance of its lower part, to cause the support effectively to rotate and to raise the leading end of the lower part away from the ground on which it is advancing.
2. An assembly of mine roof supports of the kind specified, having means for advancing each support by a force applied to the lower part of the support and means for causing the upper part of a support sufficiently to be retarded, by each of its adjacent supports, with respect to the advance of its lower part, to cause the support, when advancing, effectively to rotate and to raise the forward portion of the lower part away from the ground.
3. A mine roof support of the kind specified having a lower part, and an upper part and means urgsaoi3 away from the upper part to contact the upper 'arts of, or corresponding means of, both its acÇjacsnt supports when the roof support is ranged Jt ot:-er roof supports along a mineral face, with such force that, when the roof support is adarcncil?g by a force applied to its lower part, the support will be caused effectively to rotate and to
raise the forward portion of the lower part away from the ground.
4. An assembly of mine roof supports of the
kind specified each of which has at least one hydraulically-operated piston-and-cylinder device associated with the roof-engageable member, an abutment member connected to the device(s), first valve means connected to the device(s) of the support to a first source of pressure, and second valve means
connecting the device(s) of at least one other
support to a second source of pressure, the
second source being at a higher pressure than the first source, whereby the roof-engageable member
of that other support, when that support is
moving, can be retarded, by each of its adjacent
supports, with respect to this lower part.
5. An assembly of mine roof Supports as
claimed in Claim 4 in which the first valve means of a support can also connect the device(s) of that support to a third source of pressure, whose
pressure is higher than that of the first source of
pressure.
6. An assembly of mine roof supports as
claimed in Claim 5 in which the second source of
pressure and the third source of pressure are one and the same source.
7. An assembly of mine roof supports as claimed in Claim 4 in which the device(s) and abutment member connected thereto of a support
are located at one side only of the support.
8. An assembly of mine roof supports as
claimed in Claim 7 in which the second valve
means of one support connects, to the second source of pressure, the device(s) of the support immediately adjacent the said one support and also the device(s) of the support next but one adjacent to the said one support, the support immediate', adjacent said one support being between the said one support and the said support next but one adjacent to the said one support.
9. A mine roof support of the kind specified having at least one hydraulically-operated pistonand-cylinder device associated with the roofengageable member, an abutment member connected to the device(s), first valve means adapted to connect the device(s) to a first source of pressure or to a second source of pressure, the pressure of the second source being higher than the pressure of the first source, and second valve means adapted to connect the device(s) of at least one other support to the said second source of pressure.
10. An assembly of mine roof supports substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 An assembly of mine roof supports of the kind specified, each having a second valve means and associated hydraulic circuitry substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
12. A mine roof support of the kind specified having a second valve means and associated hydraulic circuitry substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8211709A GB2097454B (en) | 1981-04-25 | 1982-04-22 | Mine roof support |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8112825 | 1981-04-25 | ||
| GB8211709A GB2097454B (en) | 1981-04-25 | 1982-04-22 | Mine roof support |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2097454A true GB2097454A (en) | 1982-11-03 |
| GB2097454B GB2097454B (en) | 1985-06-05 |
Family
ID=26279248
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8211709A Expired GB2097454B (en) | 1981-04-25 | 1982-04-22 | Mine roof support |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2097454B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108979695A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-12-11 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Unilateral eccentrically arranged type hydraulic support combination |
| CN109026108A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-18 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | A kind of intelligent adaptive advanced hydraulic support |
-
1982
- 1982-04-22 GB GB8211709A patent/GB2097454B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108979695A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-12-11 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Unilateral eccentrically arranged type hydraulic support combination |
| CN109026108A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-18 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | A kind of intelligent adaptive advanced hydraulic support |
| CN109026108B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-10-01 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | A kind of intelligent adaptive advanced hydraulic support |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2097454B (en) | 1985-06-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |