GB2093597A - Permeability monitoring of sheet materials - Google Patents

Abstract

A device or method for monitoring the gas-permeability of a sheet material which is preferably continuously advanced, wherein a first gas-flow chamber 1 has an inlet which is covered by the sheet material 5 and a second flow chamber 2 has an outlet by which a gaseous medium can be directed towards the material, the greater proportion of the gas flow leaking to atmosphere and the remainder passing through the material into the first chamber to flow or pressure measurement means 8, 9. The leakage path maybe provided by spacing the outlet of the second chamber from the sheet material. Suitably, the measurement means is a pressure transducer connected across a low-impedance laminar-flow device. The first chamber 1 may be divided in the direction of flow into parts connected to separate gas-measurement means. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Permeability monitoring of sheet materials This invention concerns improvements relating to the monitoring or determination of the permeability of sheet materials, particularly but not exclusively webs of paper used in the tobacco industry.

In United Kingdom Patent Specification No.

1,239,408, it has been proposed that, in the manufacturing of cigarettes, the permeability of a web of cigarette paper should be monitored continuously for the purpose of identifying any portions of the web which are unsatisfactory. A device disclosed in that specification for monitoring paper web comprises a suction chamber disposed in contact with one side of the web and a second chamber disposed in contact with the other side thereof. A bleed hole communicates with the second chamber, whereby ambient air may flow into the second chamber when a partial vacuum is established in the suction chamber. Pressure indicating means is operative to measure the pressure in the second chamber, the pressure therein varying in accordance with variations in the permeability of the web which is conveyed between the two chambers.The use of the partial vacuum is disadvantageous in that paper dust and other debris are likely to be sucked into and cause malfunctioning of the device. The monitoring device of the aforesaid Specification also has the disadvantage that both chambers have to be maintained in contact with respective sides of the web in order to produce necessary hermetic seals therewith.

To our knowledge, there is no device currently available which adequately meets the practical requirements for continuous on-line monitoring of paper webs of the tobacco industry, such webs including, for example, webs of tipping, filter-plug wrapping and cigarette wrapping material.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a monitoring device which does meet the abovementioned requirements.

The invention provides a device for monitoring the gas permeability of a sheet material comprising a first flow chamber having an inlet which, during operation of the device, is closed by the sheet material extending across said inlet, gasmeasurement means operable to measure gas flow or gas pressure in said first flow chamber, and a second flow chamber having an outlet whereby a gaseous medium, suitably air, may be directed towards said sheet material, there being provided a gas-leakage path whereby a significantly greater proportion of the gas flow in said second flow chamber is permitted to leak to atmosphere than that proportion which passes through said sheet material into said first flow chamber.

The gas leakage path is preferably provided by the simple expedient of spacing the outlet of the second flow chamber from the position occupied by sheet material when the sheet material extends across the inlet of the first flow chamber to close the inlet.

The present invention further provides a method of monitoring the permeability of sheet material, wherein the sheet material is placed across an inlet of a first flow chamber to close said inlet, a gas flow is directed towards said sheet material from a second flow chamber, there being provided a gasleakage path from said second flow chamber, whereby a significantly greater proportion of the gas flow in said second flow chamber is permitted to leak to atmosphere than that proportion which passes through said sheet material into said first flow chamber, and the gas flow or gas pressure in said second flow chamber is measured.

When paper webs of the tobacco industry are to be monitored, the pressure in the first flow chamber should be very low, for example it should be maintained at a value of not more than about 5 mm W.G. Conveniently the pressure in the first flow chamber is maintained at a value in the region of 1 mm W.G., in which case the pressure in the second flow chamber can be expected to be about 8 mm W.G. Suitably the proportion of the flow of gas, air for example, which passes through the leakage path is at least 90% of the gas flow entering the second flow chamber.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawing, in which: Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic sectional elevation of a device for monitoring the permeability of a paper-web; and Figure 2 shows an end view of the inlet of a flow chamber of a modified form of the device shown in Figure 1.

The permeability monitoring device of Figure 1 comprises a first flow chamber 1 of frusto-conical form and a second flow chamber 2 of similar frusto-conical form. The larger-diameter open ends of the chambers 1 and 2 are in opposed relationship, but are somewhat spaced apart from each other. The spacing may be of the order of 0.4 mm. Mounted above and below the chambers 1 and 2 are guide rollers 3 and 4 about which, in use of the device, a paper web 5, tipping paper for example is trained.

The rollers 3 and 4 are so disposed in relation to the inlet end of the chamber 1 that a run of the web 5 is held securely across the inlet of the chamber, thus closing the inlet. The edges of the inlet may be smoothly rounded, as shown, to enhance the closure and facilitate free movement of the web. The web 5 extends from a supply bobbin (not shown) and is caused to be conveyed along the path indicated by arrow 5' in Figure 1 by drive means (not shown).

The flow chamber 2 communicates via a duct 6 with a source 7 of air under pressure, from which air is supplied to chamber 2 at a constant flow rate. The flow chamber 1 communicates at its downstream end with a multi-capillary laminar-flow element 8.

The element 8 comprises four capillary tubes, of which two appear in Figure 1. For the purpose of measuring the pressure drop across the element 8, a pressure transducer 9 is connected thereacross. The element 8 possesses a linear pressure-drop/flow characteristic and thus measurement of the pressure drop by the transducer 9 provides also a measure of the air flow through the flow chamber 1.

In operation of the device, air at a constant low pressure, 8 mm W.G. for example, is supplied to the flow chamber 2 from the source 7. Approximately 95% of the air supplied to the chamber 2 passes therefrom through the annular gap 2' between the opposed ends of the chamber 1, covered by the web 5, and the chamber 2, which gap provides a leakage path. The remainder of the air flow passes through the paper web 5 into the flow chamber 1, the flow rate in the latter being measured by means of the laminar flow element 8 and pressure transducer 9.

If the paper web 5 is tipping paper, then preferably the web is fed through the permeability monitoring device with the side of the web which is intended to be at the outer side of the cigarette tippings disposed towards the flow chamber 2. In this way it is ensured that the airflow through the web5 induced by the monitoring device is in the same direction as the air flow through the tippings when the cigarettes are smoked.

It will be appreciated that the permeability monitoring device shown diagrammatically in Figure 1 possesses the merit of avoiding the use of dustattracting partial vacuums and of being selfcleaning. Also rubbing contact is avoided at that side of the tipping web which is to be at the outside of the cigarette tippings.

It is advantageous to maintan a very low air pressure regime in the monitoring device, as higher pressures would result in uneconomical waste of air from the leakage path. Furthermore, as the web 5 is moving through the monitoring device at a significant speed, for example 140 m per minute with tipping paper, there will be a tendency for the web to entrain air from within the chamber 1 and, if the pressure in the chamber 1 was too high, for the web 5 to lift away from the mouth of the chamber 1 in the region at which the web 5 passes from the monitor ing device. This could produce a leakage path from the chamber 1, resulting in readings from the pressure transducer 9 which were no longer accu rately indicative of the permeability of the web 5.

Since the pressure in the flow chamber 1 is of a low value, it is necessary that the means employed to measure the air flow in the chamber 1 should be of adequately low impedance. Flow-measuring means of low impedance other than a laminar flow device, a thermal-effect flow-measuring device for example, could be utilized.

In Figure 2 there is shown an inlet-end view of a form of first flow chamber which is suitable for use when the web being monitored, for instance a tipping paper web, has two longitudinal lines of ventilation perforations. Such a web 10 is indicated by broken lines, the two lines of perforations being indicated by chain lines 11. As may be seen from Figure 2, the modified form of flow chamber com prises a central partition 12. By virtue of the presence of the partition 12, there are in effect two separate flow chambers 1' and 1". With this arrangement, two flow-measuring devices, (each similar two the device 8, 9), one in association with each of the flow chambers 1', 1". Thus, if there occurs a malfunction of on-line perforation devices producing the lines 11 of perforations, this may be detected and a feedback signal to the malfunctioning perforation device provided.

Claims (10)

1. A device for monitoring the gas-permeability of a sheet material, comprising a first flow chamber having an inlet which, during operation of the device, is closed by the sheet material extending across said inlet, gas-measurement means operable to measure gas flow or gas pressure in said first flow chamber, and a second flow chamber having an outlet whereby a gaseous medium may be directed towards said sheet material, there being provided a gas-leakage path whereby a significantly greater proportion of the gas flow in said second flow chamber is permitted to leak to atmosphere than that proportion which passes through said sheet material into said first flow chamber.

2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the gas-leakage path is provided by spacing the gas outlet of the second flow chamber from the position of the sheet material in which it extends across the gas inlet of the first flow chamber.

3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sheet material is in the form of a web and web advancing rneans is provided for feeding the web through the device across the gas inlet of said first flow chamber.

4. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the gas-flow chambers are of frusto conical form, the inlet of the said first chamber being the wider, open end of that chamber and the outlet of the second chamber being the wider, open, end of that chamber.

5. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gas-measurement means comprises a pressure transducer connected across a low impedance laminar-flow device.

6. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first flow chamber is divided by a partition in the direction of flow, the parts of the divided chamber being connected to separate gas measurement means.

7. A device for monitoring the gas permeability of a sheet material substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 orto Figure 1 as modified in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawing.

8. A method for monitoring the gas permeability of a sheet material, wherein the said material is placed across an inlet of a first flow chamber to close said iniet, a gas flow is directed towards said sheet material from a second flow chamber, there being provided a gas-leakage path from said second flow chamber, whereby a significantly greater proportion of the gas flow in said second flow chamber is permitted to leak to atmosphere than that proportion which passes through said sheet material into said first flow chamber, and the gas flow or gas pressure in said first flow chamber is measured.

9. A method according to claim 8, wherein, for a paper wrapping material used in the tobacco industry, the pressure in said first flow chamber is maintained at a value not substantially more than 5 mm water gauge.

value of substantially 1 mm water gauge.

11. A method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the pressure in the second flow chamber is substantially 8 mm water gauge.

12. A method of monitoring the gas permeability of a sheet material substantially as hereinbefore described.

13. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or a method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the proporion of the flow of gas which passes through the leakage path is at least 90% of the gas flow entering the second flow chamber.

10. A method according to claim 8, wherein the pressure in the first flow chamber is maintained at a