GB2091520A - Ultrasonic Probe - Google Patents
Ultrasonic Probe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2091520A GB2091520A GB8200699A GB8200699A GB2091520A GB 2091520 A GB2091520 A GB 2091520A GB 8200699 A GB8200699 A GB 8200699A GB 8200699 A GB8200699 A GB 8200699A GB 2091520 A GB2091520 A GB 2091520A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- ultrasonic
- probe assembly
- lens
- ultrasonic probe
- propagation medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/262—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
- G01S15/8909—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration
- G01S15/8915—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration using a transducer array
- G01S15/8918—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration using a transducer array the array being linear
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
- G10K11/30—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using refraction, e.g. acoustic lenses
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
An ultrasonic probe assembly comprises a rectilinear array 11 of ultrasonic vibrators to which is bonded a lens 20, capable of conversion between linear and sector scans, and sound propagation medium 30 such as rubber, water or gel. When the vibrators are subjected to linear scanning, as by successively energising a series of groups Gi or Gj, an ultrasonic beam Ba or Bb, focused at Pf, effects sector scanning in body 40. The acoustic lens 20 can be convex or concave depending on the relationship between velocities of sound passing through the lens 20 and medium 30. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Ultrasonic Probe
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic transducer or probe for use in an ultrasonic image pickup apparatus.
Forms of ultrasonic image pickup apparatus for known which have a probe for scanning a test body with an ultrasonic beam to make the images of plane sections of the test body. Prior scanning modes can be classified roughly as linear scanning and sector scanning. The sector scanning process is particularly suitable for obtaining sectional images of a breast, but has the following shortcomings as compared with the linear scanning procedure.
(1) The electronic sector scanning
(a) requires a large and complex electronic
circuit which makes the overall apparatus
quite costly, and
(b) fails to produce sharp images when
effecting a scan through large angles, since
the ultrasonic vibrators are less sensitive for
a large angle.
(2) The mechanical sector scanning
(a) requires a relatively large probe because the
ultrasonic vibrators are driven by a motor or
the like,
(b) cannot scan an object in a desired sequence
and
(c) scans an object at low speeds.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an ultrasonic probe assembly which is simple in construction and can effect linear electron scanning with respect to vibrators while carrying out sector scanning with respect to a test body.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic probe assembly which incorporates a lens capable of conversion between linear and sector scans and having a lens effect transversely thereof for an increased resolution in the transverse direction of the lens.
According to the present invention, an ultrasonic probe assembly comprises:
a rectilinear array of ultrasonic vibrators;
a lens having a quadratically curved surface extending in the direction in which said array of ultrasonic vibrators extends so that when scanning is effected by ultrasonic waves passing through the lens conversion between linear and sector scanning is effected, said lens being bonded to said array of ultrasonic vibrators; and
a sound propagation medium in surface contact with said lens and having a quadratically curved surface which is complementary in shape to said quadratically curved surface of said lens, and a flat or curved end open to ultrasonic waves disposed in opposite relation to said quadratically curved surface of the medium, whereby when said array of ultrasonic vibrators is subjected to linear scanning, an ultrasonic beam is emitted from said end for sector scanning. The acoustic lens is of a convex or concave shape dependent on the relationship between velocities of sound through the acoustic lens and the sound propagation medium. An ultrasonic beam as transmitted from ultrasonic vibrators passes at all times through a point adjacent to an end of the sound propagation medium, there being a focal point disposed on a central axis extending normal to the array of acoustic vibrators.When the acoustic vibrators are subjected to linear electron scanning, sector scanning is effected on a test body.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which some preferred embodiments are shown by way of example and in which:
Figure 1 a is a plan view of an ultrasonic probe assembly;
Figure 1 b is a side elevation of the ultrasonic probe assembly shown in Figure 1 a;
Figure 2a is a plan view of a modification of the ultrasonic probe assembly shown in Figures 1 a and 1b; Figure 2b is a side elevation of the ultrasonic probe assembly shown in Figure 2a;
Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the manner of operation of a lens capable of conversion between linear and sector scans;
Figure 4 is a plan view of another ultrasonic probe assembly;;
Figure 5 is a plan view of a lens in the assembly of Figure 4;
Figures 6 and 8 are circuit diagrams of driver circuits;
Figures 7 and 9 are views showing ways in which ultrasonic beams scan objects;
Figures 10a, 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a and 15a are plan views showing further forms of linear-sector conversion lenses; and
Figures lOb, lib, 12b, 13b, 14b and 15b are side elevations respectively of the lenses of
Figures 1 0a to 1 5a.
As shown in Figures 1 a and 1 b, an ultrasonic probe assembly comprises a linear electron scanning probe 10, a lens 20 capable of conversion between linear and sector scans, and a sound propagation medium 30. The linear electron scanning probe 10 includes a backing member 12 and a plurality of vibrators 11 arranged in a flat array and bonded to the backing member 12. In operation, groups of adjacent ultrasonic vibrators are successively scanned to generate ultrasonic energies and receive reflected ultrasonic waves or echoes for conversion into electrical signals which which are then delivered as echo signals.
The linear-sector conversion lens 20 is in the form of an acoustic convex lens having a flat end surface 21 bonded to the vibrators 11 and a convex surface 22 which is defined as a quadrics or quadratic surface, the lens 20 having a thickness that becomes progressively larger toward the center of the array of ultrasonic vibrators 11. A matching layer may be interposed between the array of vibrators 11 and the lens 20 to gain acoustic impedance matching therebetween.
The sound propagation medium 30 is in the form of an inverted trapezoid made of rubber, rubber-like material, water, or gel capable of propagating sound waves without causing a large propagation loss. The sound propagation medium 30 has a lower end 31 open to ultrasonic waves and an upper concave surface which is complementary in shape to the convex surface 22 of the lens 20. The sound prcpagaticn medium 30 serves to guide an ultrasonic wave emitted from the ultrasonic vibrators 11 to the end 31 and also to direct reflected ultrasonic echoes that have entered the end 31 to the lens 20. For better acoustic coupling with a living body being tested, the sound propagation medium 30 should preferably have an acoustic impedance close to that of living bodies.Where the sound propagation medium 30 is formed of water or gel, it is necessary that there be provided a hollow container having the inverted trapezoidal shape and made of a material such as acrylic resin which is impermeable to fluids, and the fluid such as water or gel be sealed in the hollow container.
The end 31 of the container which is to be held against test bodies should preferably be composed of a thin film having a thickness sufficiently smaller than the wavelength of an ultrasonic wave to be transmitted therethrough the preventing the thin film from producing false images. The end 31 may be made of a material having the same acoustic impedance as that of the sound propagation medium 30 or living bodies to be tested.
As illustrated in Figure 2a, an acoustic lens 200 may be attached to the end 31 to make an ultrasonic beam passing therethrough convergent. The sound propagation medium 30 is on a container having sides 32a, 32b which are flat, but which may be curved outwardly. Where the sound propagation medium 30 is in the form of a hollow container filled with water or gel, it may have sidewalls 300 of an acoustically absorptive material which has the same or substantially the same acoustic impedance as that of the sound propagation medium 30 and also produces a large acoustic loss. Alternatively, sheets of such an acoustically absorptive material may be attached to the sides of the sound propagation medium 30. With such an arrangement, ultrasonic waves can be prevented from being reflected back and forth repeatedly within the sound propagation medium 30.The sound propagation medium 30 is in surface contact with the lens 20.
The contour of the curved surface 22 of the lens 20 will now be described in detail.
It is assumed that the velocity of sound in the
lens 20 is V1, and the velocity of sound in the sound propagation medium 30 iso2, with V1 < V2.
In order for sound waves passing through the lens
20 to converge at a point Pf as shown in Figure 3,
it is required that a sound wave travelling from a point A along an axis x and a sound wave travelling from a point B along a path 33 should arrive at the focal point Pf in the same period of time. Stated otherwise, the time require for the sound wave to travel a distance 1, along the axis x should be equal to the time required for the sound wave to go distances 12 and 13 along the path 33.
To meet such a requirement, the contour of the curved surface 22 of the lens 20 should be defined by a hyperbola expressed by the following equation:
where f is the focal length.
Where the lens 20 has a small aperture, the above hyperbola may be approximated by an arcuate curve having a radius of curvature R which can be given by the following equation: v2
R=f(-- --1)
V1 As shown in Figure 2b, the lens 20 and the sound propagation medium 30 have a substantially constant thickness.
The lens 20 is in no way limited to a convex contour, but a concave lens 20, may be used as illustrated in Figure 4. A sound propagation medium 30, associated with such a concave lens 20, has an upper convex surface which is complementary in shape to a concave surface 22, of the lens 20,.
The contour of the curved surface 221 of the
lens 201 is defined by an elliptic curve which satisfies the following equation with respect to x
and y-axes as shown in Figure 5:
where f is the focal length, v, is the velocity of sound in the lens 20" and v2 is the velocity of sound in the sound propagation medium 30 (v1 > v2).
The curved surface 221 is not necessarily
limited to the above elliptic curve, but may
comprise an arcuately curved surface which is
easy to fabricate and sufficient from the practical
standpoint. Where the lens 201 has an aperture that is sufficiently smaller than the focal point f, the radius of curvature of such an arcuately curved surface can be given by the following equation which is derived by approximating the equation (1):
V2 R=f(1--) v1
Where the aperture of the lens 201 is larger, the curved surface thereof can be defined by an arcuate curve which most approximates the equation (1) within the aperture of the lens 201.
The lenses 20,201 thus constructed may be fabricated of acrylic resin.
Figure 6 shows the circuit arrangement of a multiplexer for effecting linear electron scanning on the array of ultrasonic vibrators 11. The multiplexer 50 serves to select n ultrasonic vibrators located adjacent to one another out of N ultrasonic vibrators, successively switch to shift the vibrators one by one, and transmit and receive vibrator-exciting signals and echo signals to and from an ultrasonic image pickup appatus proper (not shown).
An ultrasonic beam emitted from the ultrasonic probe assembly of Figures 1 a and 1 b is used to scan a test body as illustrated in Figure 7. An ultrasonic beam Ba generated by a group Gi of ultrasonic vibrators that are simultaneously energised travels rectilinearly through the linearsector conversion lens 20, and then goes through the sound propagation medium 30 toward the focal point Pf located centrally of the end 31 open to ultrasonic waves as the ultrasonic beam Ba progressively converges. The ultrasonic beam Ba as it leaves the open end 31 goes into the test body 40 while avoiding obstructions such as ribs 41. When a group Gj of ultrasonic vibrators are simultaneously energised as the scanning progresses, an ultrasonic beam Bb is emitted into the test body 40 in the same manner.These ultrasonic beams Ba, Bb pass at all times through the focal point Pf during the scanning operation.
As shown in Figure 7, when the array of ultrasonic vibrators 11 is subjected to linear electron scanning, sector scanning is carried out on the test body 40.
The n ultrasonic vibrators may not necessarily be energised simultaneously, but may be subjected to "phase excitation" in which those of selected n ultrasonic vibrators which are closer to the centre of the selected group are energised earlier than others. Figure 8 illustrates the circuit arrangement of a driver circuit used for such phase excitation scanning.
(n+ 1) ultrasonic vibrators (n=5 in the illustrated embodiment) are successively connected in parallel by the multiplexer 50, and the selected five vibrators are connected respectively to five delay circuits DL1-DL5. The delay circuits DL1-DL5 serve to delay energisation signals which are simultaneously generated by the ultrasonic image pickup apparatus. The delay circuits delay such energisation signals for different time intervals which vary with selected ultrasonic vibrators such that the n ultrasonic vibrators will be energised in a certain phase relationship which causes those close to the centre of the selected group to be energised earlier than others that are remoter from the centre of the group.
Figure 9 shows the manner in which an
ultrasonic beam is generated by ultrasonic vibrators that are energised by the driver circuit shown in Figure 8. The ultrasonic vibrators in a selected group are driven in staggered relation or with varying time delays so that the ultrasonic beam emitted by the vibrators diverges in the lens 20. With this arrangement, the point at which the beam converges is out of agreement with the focal point of the lens 20. However, the ultrasonic beam which enters the test body has a smaller width than that of the beam shown in Figure 7, with the result that sectional images of better resolution will be produced.
The acoustic impedance of the probe 10 is in general larger than that of the bodies to be tested.
In order to transmit ultrasonic energies from the probe 10 into the test body with as small energy loss as possible, the acoustic impedances should preferably be selected as follows:
Ipll,llTls where Ip is the acoustic impedance of the probe 10, 1, is the acoustic impedance of the lens 20, it is the acoustic impedance of the sound propagation medium 30, and 1B is the acoustic impedance of the test body 40.
Reflected ultrasonic waves or echoes travel back along the beam paths as illustrated in
Figures 7 and 9 and are received by the ultrasonic vibrators 11.
Figures 1 0a and 1 Ob show a convex acoustic lens according to another embodiment. A lens 20 as shown in Figure lOb has a curved surface which is defined by a hyperbola that is expressed by the following equation:
where f is the focal length
Where the aperture of the lens 20 is small, the curved lens surface can be approximated by an arcuate curve having the following radius of curvature:
V2 R=f(--1) v1
According to still another embodiment shown in Figures 1 la and 1 1b, a lens 201 has a curved surface defined by an elliptic curve which is given by the equation:
The radius of curvature of the curved surface of the lens 201, which can be approximated by an arcuate curve where the lens aperture is small, is given as follows:: V2
R=f(1--) v1
The focal length f is selected dependent on the depth of a measurement to be effected.
Alternatively, convex acoustic lenses may be shaped as shown in Figures 12a, 12b and 13a,
13b, and concave acoustic lenses may be shaped as illustrated in Figures 1 4a, 1 4b and 15a, 15b.
Where the lenses of Figures 1 0a, 1 Ob--15a, 1 5b, are used, arrays of ultrasonic vibrators and sound propagation mediums to be combined therewith have flat and curved surfaces which are complementary in shape to the surfaces of the lenses.
With the arrangement of the invention, an ultrasonic probe assembly is relatively simple in construction and can effect linear electron scanning with respect to ultrasonic vibrators while carrying out sector scanning on test bodies without involving a reduction in scanning speed.
Thus, the ultrasonic probe assembly is capable of conversion between linear and sector scans. The ultrasonic probe assembly of the invention dispenses with a complex and costly electronic circuit for sweeping an ultrasonic beam, but only requires a simple and inexpensive linear electron scanning circuit for sector scanning suitable especially for picking up sectional images of breasts. Since an ultrasonic beam is emitted from or received by ultrasonic vibrators in a direction substantially normal thereto, the vibrators retain their maximum sensitivity while effecting sector scanning, an advantage which conventional sector scans fail to achieve.
The linear-sector conversion lens has a lens function in the direction of the thickness thereof (in the direction of the z-axis) as well as in the direction in which vibrators are arranged (in the direction of the y-axis of the direction of orientation), so that an ultrasonic beam converges thicknesswise. Therefore, the ultrasonic probe assembly of the invention can produce ultrasonic images having good resolution in the directions of orientation and thickness, and hence can be put to use with advantages.
Although certain preferred embodiments have been shown and described in detail, it should be understood that many changes and modifications may be made therein without deparating from the scope of the appended claims
Claims (25)
1. An ultrasonic probe assembly comprising:
a rectilinear array of ultrasonic vibrators;
a lens having a quadratically curved surface extending in the direction in which said array of ultrasonic vibrators extends so that when scanning is effected by ultrasonic waves passing through the lens conversion between linear and sector scanning is effected, said lens being bonded to said array of ultrasonic vibrators; arid
a sound propagation medium in surface contact with said lens and having a quadratically curved surface which is complementary in shape to said quadratically curved surface of said lens, and a flat or curved end open to ultrasonic waves disposed in opposite relation to said quadratically curved surface of the medium, whereby when said array of ultrasonic vibrators is subjected to linear scanning, an ultrasonic beam is emitted from said end for sector scanning.
2. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 1, in which said quadratically curved surface of said lens is defined such that the depth of said lens progressively increases towards the centre of said array of ultrasonic vibrators.
3. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 2, said quadratically curved surface of said lens being defined by a hyperbolic or arcuate curve.
4. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 1, in which said quadratically curved surface of said lens is defined such that the depth of said lens progressively decreases towards the centre of said array of ultrasonic vibrators.
5. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 4, said quadratically curved surface of said lens being defined by an elliptic curve.
6. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 4, said quaratically curved surface of said lens being arcuate.
7. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 1, said end of said sound propagation medium having a width smaller than the extent of said curved surface thereof.
8. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 1, said lens having a focal point disposed at said end of said sound propagation medium.
9. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 1, said sound propagation medium being made of rubber or rubber-like material characterised by a small ultrasonic propagation loss.
10. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 1, said sound propagation medium substantially comprising water or gel.
11. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 10, said end of said sound propagation medium comprising a material having a thickness smaller than the wavelength of an ultrasonic wave generated by said array of ultrasonic vibrators.
12. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to
claim 1, said lens having a lens function transversely to the said direction for converging the ultrasonic beam.
1 3. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 1, in which said end of said sound propagation medium comprises a material having the same acoustic impedance as that of the sound propagation medium or a living body on which the
ultrasonic probe assembly is to be used.
1 4. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 1, in which said end of said sound propagation medium comprises a thin film having a thickness smaller than the wavelength of an ultrasonic wave generated by said array of ultrasonic vibrators.
1 5. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 1, including an acoustic lens mounted on said end of said sound propagation medium for converging the ultrasonic beam.
1 6. An ultrasonic probe assembly according to claim 1, including a hollow container in which said sound propagation medium is sealed, said hollow container having sidewalls made of an acoustically absorptive material having the same or substantially the same acoustic impedance as that of said sound propagation medium and capable of causing a large acoustic loss, for thereby preventing ultrasonic waves from being reflected back and forth repeatedly within said sound propagation medium.
1 7. An ultrasonic probe assembly substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 1 a, 1 b, 3, 7, 9 of the accompanying drawings.
1 8. An ultrasonic probe assembly substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 2a, 2b of the accompanying drawings.
1 9. An ultrasonic probe assembly substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 4, 5 of the accompanying drawings.
20. An ultrasonic probe assembly substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 1 0a, 1 Ob of the accompanying drawings.
21. An ultrasonic probe assembly substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 11 a, 11 b of the accompanying drawings.
22. An ultrasonic probe assembly substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 12a, 12b of the accompanying drawings.
23. An ultrasonic probe assembly substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 13a, 13b of the accompanying drawings.
24. An ultrasonic probe assembly substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 1 4a, 1 4b of the accompanying drawings.
25. An ultrasonic probe assembly substantiallyas hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 1 5a, 1 5b of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56003498A JPS57117840A (en) | 1981-01-13 | 1981-01-13 | Ultrasonic probe |
| JP56077295A JPS57191547A (en) | 1981-05-21 | 1981-05-21 | Ultrasonic probe |
| JP56119688A JPS5822043A (en) | 1981-07-30 | 1981-07-30 | Ultrasonic probe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2091520A true GB2091520A (en) | 1982-07-28 |
Family
ID=27275863
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8200699A Withdrawn GB2091520A (en) | 1981-01-13 | 1982-01-11 | Ultrasonic Probe |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3200762A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2091520A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4570488A (en) * | 1982-03-20 | 1986-02-18 | Fujitsu Limited | Ultrasonic sector-scan probe |
| WO2002090972A1 (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-11-14 | Andrei Anatolievich Samokrutov | Ultrasound low frequency composition converter provided with mode switch |
| CN111141834A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-05-12 | 国家电网有限公司 | Penetrating type ultrasonic probe of combined electrical appliance basin-type insulator |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI71018C (en) * | 1983-07-06 | 1986-10-27 | Valmet Oy | FOERFARANDE BASERANDE SIG PAO EKOLODNING MED ULTRALJUD FOER AT FOELJA MED BANBILDNINGEN OCH / ELLER MASSASUSPENSIONSSTROE MMN PAO EN VIRADEL OCH / ELLER I EN INLOPPSLAODA I EN PAPPERS MAKIN OCH ANORDNING FOER TIL |
| US4867169A (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1989-09-19 | Kaoru Machida | Attachment attached to ultrasound probe for clinical application |
-
1982
- 1982-01-11 GB GB8200699A patent/GB2091520A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-01-13 DE DE19823200762 patent/DE3200762A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4570488A (en) * | 1982-03-20 | 1986-02-18 | Fujitsu Limited | Ultrasonic sector-scan probe |
| US4580451A (en) * | 1982-03-20 | 1986-04-08 | Fujitsu Limited | Ultrasonic sector-scan probe |
| WO2002090972A1 (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-11-14 | Andrei Anatolievich Samokrutov | Ultrasound low frequency composition converter provided with mode switch |
| CN111141834A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-05-12 | 国家电网有限公司 | Penetrating type ultrasonic probe of combined electrical appliance basin-type insulator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3200762A1 (en) | 1982-10-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |