GB2090059A - Thermoelectric devices - Google Patents
Thermoelectric devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2090059A GB2090059A GB8137623A GB8137623A GB2090059A GB 2090059 A GB2090059 A GB 2090059A GB 8137623 A GB8137623 A GB 8137623A GB 8137623 A GB8137623 A GB 8137623A GB 2090059 A GB2090059 A GB 2090059A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- outer shell
- thermal sink
- depression
- thermoelectric
- shell portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
- F25D2400/12—Portable refrigerators
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
In a portable refrigerator which has an insulating wall of foamed-in- place insulating foam 57 between inner and outer shell portions, there being a depression 44 in the outer shell portion which exposes a surface of an internal heat sink 24, and a thermoelectric element 66 disposed in the depression 44 between the surface 30 of the internal heat sink 24 exposed by the depression and an external heat sink 74, there is an annular gasket 76 of resilient and compressible sealing material disposed between the outer shell of the wall and the external heat sink so as to completely surround the depression and the thermoelectric element therein. The gasket is compressed by drawing the two heat sinks towards one another onto the thermoelectric element. A rim 92 extends around but spaced from the external thermal sink 74 of such height that the edge of the rim and the outermost surfaces of the external thermal sink are in a common plane. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Thermoelectric devices and processes for
making them
This invention relates to thermoelectric devices
and to processes for making them.
The invention is particularly directed to
improvements in the cooling device illustrated in
U.S. Patent 4 107 934 (and in our equivalent
British Patents 1 589 893 and 1 589 894).
Thermoelectric devices powered by a
thermoelectric element of the Peltier type are well
known in the art, as shown by the above-identified
patent and the patents cited therein. The device
shown in U.S. Patent 4 107 934 has the
advantage that the thermoelectric element is not
completely embedded in the insulating wall, but
has the disadvantage that the thermoelectric
element is exposed to the ambient atmosphere
and is susceptible to malfunctioning in inclement
weather or in marine usage. It also has the
disadvantage that the external thermal sink is
exposed to accidental blows which can damage
the thermoelectric element. It further has the
disadvantage that it is expensive and difficult to manufacture.
It is an object of the invention to provide an
improved thermoelectric device and process for
making it. It is a further object of the invention to
provide an improved thermoelectric cooling
device. device. It is a further object of the invention to
provide for the economic and facile manufacture
of such devices. It is a still further object of the
invention to provide thermoelectric devices of the
class described which are insensitive to ambient conditions involving water, as in inclement
weather and in marine usage. Still another object
of the invention is to provide a thermoelectric
device of the class described in which the external
thermal sink is protected against accidental blows
which might damage the thermoelectric element.
One aspect of this invention relates to a
thermoelectric device powered by a
thermoelectric element of the Peltier type which
comprises an insulating wall of foamed-in-place
insulating foam cast about an internal thermal sink
in a manner which provides an outer shell portion
on the insulating wall and a depression in the
outer shell portion which exposes a surface of the
internal thermal sink, the thermoelectric element
being disposed in this depression in heat
exchange with the surface of the internal thermal
sink exposed by the depression; and an annular
resilient and compressible sealing gasket disposed
against the outer shell portion in sealing contact
with said outer shell portion and an external
thermal sink and being compressible thereby, the
sealing gasket being maintained under
compression and the thermal sinks being
maintained in heat-exchange with the
thermoelectric element by draw means which
draws the two thermal sinks towards each other
sufficiently to compress the gasket and to bring
them into heat-exchange with the thermoelectric
element.
The inner and outer shell portions can be pre
formed prior to the casting of the foam, or formed from polyurethane foam in which the inner and
outer shell portions are formed in situ as a skin on the polyurethane foam during the casting
operation.
This aspect of the invention also comprises a process which comprises casting the insulating wall of foamed-in-place plastics about the internal thermal sink in a manner which provides an outer shell portion on the insulating wall and a depression therein which exposes a surface of the internal thermal sink; placing the thermoelectric element in the depression in heat-exchange with the surface of the internal thermal sink exposed by the depression; placing an annular resilient and compressible sealing gasket on the outer shell portion in position such that it completely surrounds the depression and the thermoelectric element therein; placing an external thermal sink in sealing contact with the sealing gasket; and drawing the two sinks towards each other until the gasket is compressed and the thermal sinks are in heat-exchange with the thermoelectric element.
The invention may also comprise electrical connections which, except for a pigtail and positive and negative contact points which project through the outer shell portion in position to be connected to the positive and negative poles, respectively, of the thermoelectric element, are completely embedded in the insulating wall and electrically-connected with the contact points; the contact points are covered by the annular sealing gasket and thus protected from exposure to moisture.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a thermoelectric cooling device comprising an insulating wall with an insulated thermal sink embedded in the insulation thereof and having a surface thereof adjacent the surface of the insulating wall and exposed by a depression therein, a thermoelectric device having a cold face and a hot face disposed in the depression with the cold face thereof in heat-exchange with the surface of the internal thermal sink exposed by the depression; an external thermal sink; and an annular resilient and compressible sealing gasket surrounding the depression and the thermoelectric element therein in sealing contact with the insulating wall and the external thermal sink and under compression between the two.
Advantageously, too, the insulating wall has electrical connectors embedded in the insulation thereof which extend through the outer surface thereof to the thermoelectric element, and the annular gasket overlies the outermost portion of the exposed connectors and seals them against exposure to moisture.
A further aspect of the invention comprises a thermoelectric cooling device having an insulating wall having an internal thermal sink embedded therein, and an external thermal sink parallel to and spaced from the insulating wall, characterised in that the insulating wall has a rim extending
around but spaced from the external thermal sink
of such height that the edge of the rim and the
outer flat surface of the external thermal sink are
substantially in a common plane.
The accompanying drawings show one example of a portable refrigerator, embodying the various aspects of the invention. In these drawings:
Figure 1 is an isometric view of the portable refrigerator;
Figure 2 is an exploded view in isometric of the box portion of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a cross-section taken along line 3-3 of Figure 1;
Figure 4 is an exploded view in isometric of
Figure 3 (wherein the parts are turned 900 as compared with Figure 1); and
Figure 5 is a plan view, looking in the direction of the arrows 5-5 in Figure 4.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, there is provided a portable refrigerator 10, comprising a container portion 12, and a cover portion 14 fastened thereto by hasps 1 6 on one side, and hinges, not shown, on the other side.
The container proper is made up of an outer shell 18 and an inner shell 20, as better seen in
Figure 2. The inner shell 20, advantageously, is made of a plastics material, but could, if desired, be made of aluminium or other heat-conducting metal. Fitted snugly against the ends and bottom of the inner shell 20 is a thermal sink 22. At each end of the thermal sink 22 is a U-shaped thermal sink 24 bolted to the end walls 26 of the thermal sink 22. The bolts 28 extend out beyond the flat end or bight 30 of the U-shaped thermal sink 24, as clearly shown in Figures 2 and 3.When the parts are assembled, laterally-extending side rims 32 of the inner shell 20 overlap the sides 34 of the outer shell 18, and the ends 36 abut the end walls 38 of the outer shell 18 and are countersunk therein, in the manner shown at 39 in Figure 1, thus holding the inner shell 20 spaced from the side, ends, and bottom of the outer shell 18.
The end walls 38 have an inset panel 40 fitted in rebates 42 (Figure 3) in the end wall 38. The inset panel 40 has a square hole 44 which is a little smaller than the face 30 of the thermal sink 24 and oriented with respect thereto, as shown in
Figure 5. It forms a depression in the end wall 38 which exposes the face 30 of the thermal sink 24.
The inset panel 40 has two electrical contacts 46 and 48 which are connected by electrical wires 50 and 52 to a pigtail 54, which extends out from the interior through the bottom portion of one of the walls 38 and is connected to a polarized plug 56, which is suitable for insertion into the lighter socket in a motor vehicle, such as a car, an airplane, or a boat.
When this much of the refrigerator is assembled, it is placed in a press and injected with a plastic foam-forming composition to fill the space between the inner and outer shells with foam insulation 57 (Figure 3) and to embed the wires 50 and 52 and the inner portion of the electric cord 54 in the insulation.
Thereafter, the external portions 58 and 60 (Figure 4) of the electrical connectors 46 and 48 are connected by electrical wires 62 and 64 to the positive and negative sides of a thermoelectric element 66 which has a flat face 68 in surface-tosurface contact with the flat face 30 of the thermal sink 24, and a flat face 70 in surface-tosurface contact with an inner flat face 72 of an external thermal sink 74. The external sink 74 is bolted up tight, with the thermoelectric element 66 in compression between the faces 72 and 30, by the draw bolts 28.
Before the external thermal sink 74 is put into place, there is placed around the thermoelectric element 66 an annular sealing gasket 76, composed of resilient and compressible material.
This gasket is held in place by the draw bolts 28 passing through slots 78 and 80 (Figure 4) in the annular gasket 76. The end 82 of the annular gasket is made long enough to overlap substantially the electrical connectors 46 and 48.
as best shown in Figure 3, and is of such thickness that, when the external thermal sink 74 is bolted onto the thermoelectric element 66, the gasket is put in compression, thereby completely isolating the thermoelectric element from ambient conditions, such as moisture, and the like. At the same time, the overlapping portion 82 isolates the electrical connectors 46 and 48 and electrical wires 62 and 64 from exposure to ambient conditions.
The external thermal sink 74 is made of material of high heat-conductivity, for example, aluminium, has a plurality of vertically-extending ribs 84 (Figure 4) and at least laterally-extending fins 86 and 88 extending laterally from the central panel 88, in which the ribs 84 are formed. The fins 88 are planar, with their outer surfaces and the outer ends of the ribs 84 lying in a common plane.
Around the end wall 38 is a rim 92. The external thermal sink 74 is rectangular in shape and of a thickness so correlated with the proportions of the end wall 38 of the container that the outermost surface 90 (Figure 3) of the external thermal sink 74 is flush with the outermost surface of the rim 92.
The cover 14 is independently produced and filled with foam insulation, and then hinged to the container 12, as already described.
Thus, there is provided a portable refrigerator container which is simple and effective in construction, symmetrical in outline, contains no external thermal sinks which project beyond the walls thereof, and in which the thermoelectric elements and the electrical connections are completely isolated from ambient conditions.
There is also provided a new and improved process in which the insulating wall is cast of foamed-in-place insulating foam about the internal thermal sink in a manner which provides inner and outer shell portions on the insulating wall and in which the parts are assembled in a manner to provide a portable refrigerator in which the thermoelectric element and the electrical connections thereto are isolated from and protected from ambient conditions.
While the specific embodiment discloses preformed inner and outer shell portions, it is to be understood that the inner and outer shell portions can be formed in situ by using a polyurethane foam of the kind which, when cast in a suitable mould, produces a dense skin.
Claims (20)
1. A process for making a thermoelectric device powered by a thermoelectric element of the
Peltier type which is held in heat-exchange between an internal thermal sink embedded in an insulating wall and an external thermal sink spaced from said insulating wall, and in which electrical connections connect the positive and negative poles of said thermoelectric device with an external power source, including the improvement which comprises::
casting said insulating wall of foamed-in-place insulating foam about said inner thermal sink in a manner which provides an outer shell portion on said insulating wall and a depression in said outer shell portion which exposes a surface of said internal thermal sink;
placing said thermoelectric element in said depression in heat-exchange with the surface of the internal thermal sink exposed by said depression;
placing an annular resilient and compressible sealing gasket against said outer shell portion in position such that it completely surrounds said depression and the thermoelectric element therein;
placing said external sink in sealing contact with said sealing gasket; and
drawing the two sinks towards each other until said gasket is compressed and said thermal sinks are in heat-exchange with said thermoelectric element.
2. A process according to claim 1, in which the inner and outer shell portions are pre-formed, prior to casting of said foam.
3. A process of claim 1, in which the insulating foam is a polyurethane foam and in which the outer shell portion is formed in situ as a skin on the polyurethane foam in the casting operation.
4. A process for making a thermoelectric device powered by a thermoelectric element of the
Peltier type which is held in heat-exchange between an internal thermal sink embedded in an insulating wall and an external thermal sink spaced from said insulating wall, and in which electrical connections connect the positive and negative poles of said thermoelectric device with an external power source, including the improvement which comprises::
casting said insulating wall of foamed-in-place insulating foam about said inner thermal sink in a manner which provides an outer shell portion on said insulating wall and a depression in said outer shell portion which exposes a surface of said internal thermal sink and completely embeds said electrical connections except for a pigtail and positive and negative contact points, which points project through said outer shell portion in position to be connected with the positive and negative poles, respectively, of said thermoelectric element;
placing said thermoelectric element in said depression in heat-exchange with the surface of the internal thermal sink exposed by said depression;
connecting the positive and negative poles of said thermoelectric element with the respective positive and negative contact points;;
placing an annular resilient and compressible sealing gasket against said outer shell portion in position such that it completely surrounds said depression and the thermoelectric element therein and covers said contact points;
placing said external thermal sink in sealing contact with said sealing gasket; and
drawing the two sinks towards each other until said gasket is compressed and said thermal sinks are in heat-exchange with said thermoelectric element.
5. A process according to claim 4, in which the outer shell portion is pre-formed, prior to casting said foam.
6. A process according to claim 4, in which the insulating foam is a polyurethane foam and in which the outer shell portion is formed in situ as a skin on the polyurethane foam in the casting operation.
7. A thermoelectric device powered by a thermoelectric element of the Peltier type comprising an insulating wall of foamed-in-place insulating foam cast about an inner thermal sink in a manner which provides an outer shell portion on said insulating wall and a depression in said outer shell portion which exposes a surface of said internal thermal sink, said thermoelectric element being disposed in said depression in heatexchange with the surface of said internal thermal sink exposed by said depression; and an annular resilient and compressible sealing gasket disposed against said outer shell portion in sealing contact with said outer shell portion and an external thermal sink and being compressible thereby, said sealing gasket being maintained under compression and said thermal sinks being maintained in heat-exchange with said thermoelectric element by draw means which draws the two thermal sinks towards each other sufficiently to compress the gasket and to bring them into heat-exchange with the thermoelectric 'element.
8. A thermoelectric device according to claim 7, in which the outer shell portion has been preformed, prior to casting said foam.
9. A thermoelectric device according to claim 7, in which the insulating foam is a polyurethane foam and in which the outer shell portion has been formed in situ as a skin on the polyurethane foam in the casting operation.
10. A thermoelectric device powered by a thermoelectric element of the Peltier type
comprising electrical connectors, an insulating
wall of foamed-in-place insulating foam cast about an inner thermal sink in a manner which provides an outer shell portion on said insulating wall and a depression in said outer shell portion which exposes a surface of said internal thermal sink and electrical connectors, and which completely embeds electrical connections from the positive and negative poles of said thermoelectric device to an external power source, except for a pigtail and positive and negative contact points, which points project through said outer shell portion in position to be connected with the positive and negative poles, respectively, of said thermoelectric element; said thermoelectric element being disposed in said depression in heat-exchange with the surface of said inner thermal sink exposed by said depression; said positive and negative poles of said thermoelectric element being connected, respectively, with the positive and negative contact points; and an annular resilient and compressible sealing gasket against said outer shell portion in position such that it completely surrounds said depression and the thermoelectric element therein and covers said contact points and is disposed on said outer shell portion in sealing contact with said outer shell portion and an external thermal sink and being compressible thereby, said sealing gasket being maintained under compression and said thermal sinks being maintained in heat-exchange with said thermoelectric element by draw means which draws the two thermal sinks towards each other sufficiently to compress the gasket and to bring them into heat-exchange with the thermoelectric element.
11. A thermoelectric device according to claim 10, in which the outer shell portion has been preformed, prior to casting said foam.
12. A thermoelectric device according to claim 10, in which the insulating foam is a polyurethane foam and in which the outer shell portion has been formed in situ as a skin on the polyurethane foam in the casting operation.
13. A thermoelectric cooling device comprising:
insulating wall;
an internal thermal sink embedded in the insulation of said insulating wall and having a surface thereof adjacent the surface of said insulating wall and exposed by a depression therein; a thermoelectric device having a cold face and a hot face and being disposed in said depression with the cold face thereof in heatexchange with the surface of said internal thermal
sink exposed by said depression;
an external thermal sink; and
an annular resilient and compressible sealing
gasket surrounding said depression and the
thermoelectric element therein in sealing contact
with said insulating wall and said external thermal
sink and under compression between the two.
14. A thermoelectric cooling device according
to claim 13, in which said insulating wall has
electrical connectors embedded in the insulation
thereof which extend through the outer surface
thereof to said thermoelectric element, and in
which said annular gasket overlies the outermost
portion of the exposed connectors and seals them
against exposure to moisture.
1 5. A thermoelectric cooling device having an
insulating wall having an internal thermal sink
embedded therein and an external thermal sink,
the outermost portions of which lie in a common
plane parallel to and spaced from said insulating
wall, characterised in that said insulating wall has
a rim extending around but spaced from said
external thermal sink of such height that the edge
of said rim is substantially in said common plane.
1 6. A thermoelectric cooling device according
to claim 15, in which said external thermal sink
comprises a plurality of flat fins having vertically 'disposed parallel surfaces forming open-ended
vertical channels.
17. A thermoelectric cooling device having an
insulating wall having an internal thermal sink
embedded therein and an external thermal sink, in
which said external thermal sink comprises a
plurality of flat surfaces having inner portions
which lie in a common plane parallel to and
spaced from said insulating wall, further
characterised in that said insulating wall has
outwardly-extending rim members which are
spaced from the sides of said external thermal sink
and form a compartment housing the same.
18. A thermoelectric cooling device according to claim 17, in which said external thermal sink comprises a plurality of flat surfaces parallel to said common plane and to each other and which lie in between said insulating wall and the outermost edges of said rim members.
19. A thermoelectric device according to claim
7, substantially as described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
20. A thermoelectric cooling device according
to claim 15, substantially as described with
reference to Figures 1, 3 and 4 of the
accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/217,585 US4346562A (en) | 1980-12-18 | 1980-12-18 | Thermoelectric device and process for making the same |
| US21758581A | 1981-09-28 | 1981-09-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2090059A true GB2090059A (en) | 1982-06-30 |
| GB2090059B GB2090059B (en) | 1985-01-09 |
Family
ID=26912063
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8137623A Expired GB2090059B (en) | 1980-12-18 | 1981-12-14 | Thermoelectric devices |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2090059B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1037000A3 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2001-04-18 | CSE Inc. | Apparatus for controlling temperature of fluid by use of thermoelectric device |
-
1981
- 1981-12-14 GB GB8137623A patent/GB2090059B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1037000A3 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2001-04-18 | CSE Inc. | Apparatus for controlling temperature of fluid by use of thermoelectric device |
| US6345506B1 (en) | 1999-03-18 | 2002-02-12 | Cse Inc. | Apparatus for controlling temperature of fluid by use of thermoelectric device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2090059B (en) | 1985-01-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19941214 |