GB2089367A - Hydrocarbon conversion - Google Patents
Hydrocarbon conversion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2089367A GB2089367A GB8136677A GB8136677A GB2089367A GB 2089367 A GB2089367 A GB 2089367A GB 8136677 A GB8136677 A GB 8136677A GB 8136677 A GB8136677 A GB 8136677A GB 2089367 A GB2089367 A GB 2089367A
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- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- range
- zeolite
- diluent
- catalyst
- weight
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 alkyl benzene hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical group [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/78—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
- C07C5/27—Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
- C07C5/2729—Changing the branching point of an open chain or the point of substitution on a ring
- C07C5/2732—Catalytic processes
- C07C5/2737—Catalytic processes with crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/26—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to stabilize the total catalyst structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/42—Addition of matrix or binder particles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The process comprises isomerisation, in the liquid or vapour phase, of a feed comprising a xylene or mixture of xylenes and optionally also containing up to 25% ethylbenzene using a catalyst comprising a novel crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite Nu-5 for which the oxide composition and X-ray pattern are specified.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Hydrocarbon conversion
This invention relates to a process for the isomerisation of alkyl benzene hydrocarbons using a catalyst comprising a new zeolite material. The new zeolite material will be referred to hereinafter as "zeolite Nu5" or simply "Nu5".
Zeolite Nu5 and its preparation are described in our copending UK patent application No.
8040395.
Zeolite Nu5 has a chemical composition, in terms of mole ratios of oxides, expressed by the formula
0.5 to 1.5 R2O:Y203: at least 10 To2:0 to 2000 H2O wherein R is a monovalent cation or 1/n of a cation of valency n, X is silicon and/or germanium, Y is one or more of aluminium, iron, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, arsenic, manganese, gallium or boron and H2O is water of hydration additional to water notionally present when R is H, and has an X-ray pattern substantially as set out in Table 1 (as determined by standard technique using copper Ka radiation).
Table 1 shows X-ray data for zeolite Nu5. The X-ray pattern is little effected by the type of cation present or by calcination or hydration.
TABLE 1
X-ray diffraction data for Nu-5
As made Nu-5 Hydrogen Nu-5 dA 1001/lo dA 1001/lo 11.11 70 11.12 85 10.02 41 10.04 51 9.96 37 9.96 45 9.74 18 9.75 20 9.00 3 8.95 3 8.04 1 8.03 1 7.44 6 7.43 4 7.08 3 7.08 3 6.71 7 6.71 8 6.36 14 6.37 15 5.99 15 6.01 19 5.70 12 5.59 13 5.58 15 5.13 4 5.14 3 5.03 6 5.02 5 4.984 8 4.984 8 4.623 7 4.616 8 4.371 15 4.370 14 4.266 15 4.266 15 4.095 14 4.095 9 4.014 11 4.022 12 3.859 100 3.859 100 3.821 70 3.825 68 3.749 39 3.755 32 3.725 54 3.731 48 3.643 31 3.652 28 3.598 4 3.601 4 3.484 7 3.484 6 3.358 10 3.355 9 TABLE 1 (Continued)
X-ray diffraction data for Nu-5
As made Nu-5 Hydrogen Nu-5 dA 1001/lo dA 1001/lo 3.315 12 3.315 11 3.054 12 3.054 12 2.994 13 2.991 15 2.979 13 2.979 12 2.015 8 2.015 10 1.996 8 1.994 10 Within the a6Ove definition of chemical composition, the number of moles of XO2 is typically in the range 10 to 5000 and zeolite Nu5 appears to be most readily formed in a state of high purity when the number of moles of XO2 is in the range 45 to 100.
This definition includes both freshly prepared zeolite Nu5 ("freshly prepared" means the product of synthesis and washing, with optional drying, as hereinafter described) and also forms of it resulting from dehydration, and/or calcination, and/or ion exchange. In freshly prepared zeolite Nu5, R may include an alkali metal cation especially sodium, and/or ammonium and hydrogen, and usually includes organic compounds as described below. These organic componer.ts are hereinafter referred to as A.
Since Nuts is a zeolite, the organic component must be physically trapped within the crystal lattice.
It can be removed by thermal or oxidative degradation or by displacement by suitable small moiecules.
The physically trapped basic material does not constitute part of the composition for the purposes of the definition. Thus a zeolite Nu-5 as made typically has the following molar composition: 0.7 to 1.5 M2O:1.0 to 200A:Y203:1 0 to 5000 X02:0 to 2000 H20 wherein M is an alkali metal, ammonium or hydrogen.
The H2O content of freshly prepared zeolite Nu5 depends on the conditions in which it has been dried after synthesis.
In calcined forms oç zeolite Nu5. R may be any cation including hydrogen since the organic component is burnt out in the presence of air, leaving hydrogen as the other balancing cation, or otherwise displaced prior to calcination.
Among the ion exchanged forms of zeolite Nu5 the ammonium (No+4) is of importance since it can be readily converted to the hydrogen form by calcination. The hydrogen form can also be prepared directly by exchange with an acid. The hydrogen-form and forms containing metals introduced by ion exchange are described further in our co-pending U.K. Patent Application No. 80 40395.
While the X-ray data for as made-, and hydrogen-, Nu-5 show a strong similarity to data for zeolite ZSM-5, there are very significant differences in line intensities in addition to extra lines present in Nu-5.
These differences in line intensities are very substantial, and in scanning the spectrum of d-spaces, the
intensity variations are very irregular, which suggests that the differences between the framework of
Nu-5 and ZSM-5 are complex. These differences are further discussed and illustrated in our copending
U.K. Patent Application No. 8040395.
According to the present invention a hydrocarbon conversion process comprises contacting a feed of an alkylbenzene or a mixture of alkybenzenes under isomerisation conditions in the vapour or liquid phase with a catalyst comprising zeolite Nu5.
The catalyst used in the process of this invention may be zeolite Nu5 perse but in a preferred embodiment of the process zeolite Nu5 is used in the form of a physical mixture with a suitable diluent and/or binder, for example alumina, silica or a clay. Alumina is particularly preferred as a diluent, the amount of alumina present in the catalyst being preferably in the range 5 to 95% by weight based on total catalyst weight. The catalyst is conveniently used in the form of pellets, extrudates or other aggregates well known to those skilled in this art.
ln the vapour phase, suitable isomerisation conditions for the process of this invention include a temperature in the range 100 to 6000 C, preferably 200 to 4500 C, and a pressure in the range 0.5 to 50, preferably 1 to 5, Kg/cm2 absolute.
In the liquid phase embodiment of the process of this invention, suitable isomerisation conditions include a temperature in the range 0 to 3500C, a pressure in the range 1 to 200, preferably 5 to 70,
Kg/cm2 absolute and, in a flow system, a space velocity in the range 0.1 to 100, preferably 0.5 to 30, w/w hour, the higher flow rates being used at the higher temperatures. Optionally a diluent is present, suitably one or more of those having a critical temperature higher than the isomerisation temperature being used and including toluene, trimethylbenzene, naphthenes and paraffins. Preferably, the diluent if present, amounts to 1 to 90% of the feed to the isomerisation reaction. In the above mentioned forms of the process of this invention the catalyst preferably contains no hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component.
Optionally the isomerisation reaction is conducted in the presence of hydrogen. A suitable mole ratio of hydrogen to alkyl-benzene feed lies in the range 1:1 to 30:1. If hydrogen is used, it is preferred that the catalyst should comprise a metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table together with zeolite.
Preferably the metal of Group Vlil is platinum or nickel. The amount of metal used preferaly lies in the range 0.1 to 2% by weight of metal based on the total weight of catalyst. If desired, the catalyst may contain one or more additional metals, for example rhenium, suitably in the range 0.1 to 2% by weight based on the total weight of catalyst.
Preferably the alkylbenzene is a xylene, for example m-xylene for conversion to p-xylene, or a mixture of xylenes, possibly with ethylbenzene. The amount of ethylbenzene present will depend to some extent on the source of the xylene mixture but will usually lie in the range 0 to 25% by weight of the feedstock. However, we believe that the process of this invention is very suitable for at least partial destruction of the ethylbenzene in feedstocks containing relatively large amounts of ethylbenzene, say in the range 6 to 25% by weight of the feedstock.
The invention is illustrated by the following Example.
EXAMPLE
A sample of zeolite Nu5 prepared by the method described in Examples 1, 2 and 3 of our copending UK Patent Application No. 80 40395 was formed into aggregates having diameters in the size range of 425 to 1000 Mm. The zeolite's empirical formula was 0.11 Na20:AI203:62.6 SiO2 and it contained 0.10% by weight sodium, 1.1%byweight aluminium and 35.8% by weight silicon
The aggregated zeolite was charged to a glass reactor and heated in a stream of air at 5000C for 1 6 hours. It was then cooled in a nitrogen stream to 4000C. A feedstock consisting mainly of C8 aromatic hydrocarbons was then passed over the zeolite for 18 hours at a weight hourly space velocity of 8.8.Details of the feedstock composition and the composition of the product obtained are given in
Table 2, all percentages being by weight.
TABLE 2
Hours on line Feedstock 8 hours 18 hours Benzene % 0.02 3.78 2.00 Toluene % 1.75 4.69 2.37 Ethylbenzene % 8.61 2.55 5.34 Para-xylene % 7.94 18.23 15.57 Meta-xylene % 50.92 42.48 44.45 Ortho-xylene % 25.54 20.19 21.73 C,+ Aromatics % 3.86 6.71 5.19 Para-xylene approach to equilibrium ( /0) 95.6 89.0 Ethylbenzene loss (%) 70.4 38.0 Xylene loss (%) 4.1 0.8 The results show that zeolite Nu-5 brings about the isomerisation of xylenes to close to equilibrium with little loss of xylenes. Simultaneous ethylbenzene loss is high.
Claims (16)
1. A hydrocarbon conversion process which comprises contacting a feed of an alkylbenzene or a mixture of alkylbenzenes under isomerisation conditions in the vapour or liquid phase with a catalyst comprising zeolite Nuts.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 in which zeolite Nu-5 is used in the form of a physical mixture with a diluent and/or binder.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in which zeolite Nu-5 is used with a diluent and/or binder comprising alumina, silica or a clay.
4. A process as claimed in claim 2 or 3 in which the diluent is alumina and the amount of alumina present in the catalyst is in the range 5 to 95% by weight based on total catalyst weight.
5. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the process is carried out in the vapour phase under isomerisation conditions which include a temperature in the range 100 to 6000C and a pressure in the range 0.5 to 50 Kg/cm2 absolute.
6. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 in which the process is carried out in the liquid phase under isomerisation conditions which include a temperature in the range 0 to 350C and a pressure in the range 1 to 200 ICg/cmZ absolute.
7. A process as claimed in claim 6 in which a process diluent is present in an amount of 1 to 90% of the feed to the isomerisation reaction.
8. A process as claimed in claim 7 in which the diluent is selected from toluene, trimethylbenzene, naphthenes and paraffins.
9. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the isomerisation reaction is carried out in the presence of hydrogen.
10. A process as claimed in claim 9 in which the mole ratio of hydrogen to alkylbenzene feed is in the range 1:1 to 30:1.
1 A process as claimed in claim 9 or 10 in which the catalyst comprises a metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table together with zeolite Nu-5.
12. A process as claimed in claim 11 in which the amount of metal of Group VIII is in the range 0.1 to 2.0% by weight.
1 3. A process as claimed in any one of the precedlng claims in which the alkylbenzene is a xylene or a mixture of xylene isomers.
14. A process as claimed in any of the preceding claims in which the alkylbenzene feed contains up to 25% by weight of ethylbenzene.
1 5. A hydrocarbon conversion process substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the Example.
16. Xylene whenever produced by a process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8136677A GB2089367B (en) | 1980-12-17 | 1981-12-04 | Hydrocarbon conversion |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8040398 | 1980-12-17 | ||
| GB8136677A GB2089367B (en) | 1980-12-17 | 1981-12-04 | Hydrocarbon conversion |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2089367A true GB2089367A (en) | 1982-06-23 |
| GB2089367B GB2089367B (en) | 1984-05-10 |
Family
ID=26277882
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8136677A Expired GB2089367B (en) | 1980-12-17 | 1981-12-04 | Hydrocarbon conversion |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2089367B (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-12-04 GB GB8136677A patent/GB2089367B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2089367B (en) | 1984-05-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19921204 |