GB2083154A - Pipe joint - Google Patents

Pipe joint Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2083154A
GB2083154A GB8126057A GB8126057A GB2083154A GB 2083154 A GB2083154 A GB 2083154A GB 8126057 A GB8126057 A GB 8126057A GB 8126057 A GB8126057 A GB 8126057A GB 2083154 A GB2083154 A GB 2083154A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
pipe joint
joint
sleeve
layers
pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB8126057A
Other versions
GB2083154B (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pickup J & Sons Thermosel Prod
Original Assignee
Pickup J & Sons Thermosel Prod
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pickup J & Sons Thermosel Prod filed Critical Pickup J & Sons Thermosel Prod
Priority to GB8126057A priority Critical patent/GB2083154B/en
Publication of GB2083154A publication Critical patent/GB2083154A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2083154B publication Critical patent/GB2083154B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
    • F16L27/02—Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
    • F16L27/02—Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction
    • F16L27/04—Universal joints, i.e. with mechanical connection allowing angular movement or adjustment of the axes of the parts in any direction with partly spherical engaging surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
    • F16L27/10—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F16L27/113—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a rigid sleeve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L51/00—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder

Abstract

A pipe joint comprises a tubular joint piece 17, a pair of cylindrical apertures 13 at the adjacent ends of two pipes 11, 12 and a pair of tubular members 16 having substantially the same coefficients of thermal expansion as said joint piece. A part spherical portion 19 engages an inner surface of a respective member 16, each member being located at least partially within a respective aperture and being arranged so that the outer surface of each member is not in contact with a said pipe. Preferably each member is disposed within a respective sleeve, there being an annular recess 15 between the sleeve and the respective member. The pipe joint finds particular application in the construction of exhausts for internal combustion engines. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Pipe joint This invention relates to a pipe joint intended for the conveyance of hot gases, such as the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, and where the joint may be required to permit some degree of annular movement as well as relative linear move ment due to temperature changes and vibration.
A pipe joint is known (British Patent Specification 1136698) wherein a tubular joint piece has at each end a part spherical portion which engages in a cylindrical sleeve on a respective one of a pair of pipes to be joined, the joint piece being thin relative to the sleeves and of a material of greater coefficient of thermal expansion than that of the sleeves. The difference in coefficients of thermal expansion be tween the joint piece and the sleeves ensures tight sealing at high temperatures, but has one serious disadvantage. Although the part-spherical portions of the joint piece can originally be an interference fit in the sleeves, after operating for some time at high temperature, the joint piece tends to heat soak, and a clearance fit develops between the part-spherical portions and the sleeves at low temperatures.This clearance rapidly disappears when the sleeve is heated, but can give rise to serious problems in some instances.
For example, if the joint forms part of a vehicle exhaust system, or of an engine disposed indoors, there can be undesirable leakage of exhaust gases into the interior of the vehicle or engine room during start-up. A further similar disadvantage arises in cold climates and conditions where an engine will often be left ticking-over, for example whilst a driver has a meal or a break. In these circumstances there is little heat being supplied to the joint and it can cool sufficiently to allow leakage of exhaust gases. This can be dangerous if the gases can enter a vehicle cab or other inhabited quarters.
An object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a pipe joint which does not have these disadvantages.
Accordingly, the invention provides a pipe joint comprising a tubular joint piece incorporating two part-spherical portions, a pair of cylindrical aper tures at the adjacent ends of two pipes and a pair of tubular members having substantially the same coefficients of thermal expansion as said joint piece, a respective part spherical portion engaging an inner surface of a respective member, each member being located at least partially within a respective aperture and being arranged so that an outer surface of each member corresponding to each said inner surface is not in contact with a said pipe.
In use, the joint-piece and members heat up and expand more than the cylindrical apertures thus tending towards a tighter joint. However, the mem bers are deformed resiliently to a slight degree. This has the effect that when the joint cools, the member relaxes and springs back in a radially inward direc tion to maintain the seal even when the joint is cool or cold.
The ends of the pipes preferably incorporate sleeves, within which the members are disposed, there being an annular recess between each sleeve and the respective member. Each part spherical portion engages an inner surface of a member in the proximity of a respective recess. In use the members are deformed resiliently into the recesses.
Each recess can be formed by a wide shallow groove in the internal wall of the sleeve. Alternatively, the sleeves can be smooth and the liners can each have a pair of larger diameter shoulders at each end thereof.
Preferably the liners are a slight interference fit in the sleeves upon first being installed and the part-spherical portions a slight interference fit in the liners.
In particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention the liners may be formed from two or more coaxially disposed layers. These may have a quantity of gas retained between them. The gas is generally air. The gas expands at the elevated temperatures encountered in use of the embodiment causing the innerlayerto deform and increase the area of engagement with the respective partspherical portion of the joint piece. The increased area of engagement provides greater contact between the joint piece and liner and also provides compensation for wear of these components. The inner and outer layers are preferably composed of dissimilar materials having different coefficients of thermal expansion. Preferably the outer layer has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion.The layers alternatively may not have a quantity of gas retained between them but may be composed of two layers having different coefficients of thermal expansion secured together in the form of a bimetallic strip.
These layers are arranged to deform when heated to increase the contact with the joint piece.
Preferably the liners and sleeves are composed of stainless steel.
The invention will be described further, by way of example, with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-section through a preferred joint of the invention, and Figure 2 is a part cross-section through an alternative joint in accordance with the invention.
A preferred pipe joint 10 of the invention is disposed between adjacent ends of a pair of pipes 11, 12 which are part of a vehicle exhaust system.
Each pipe 11, 12, has a respective cylindrical sleeve 13, in whose internal wall is formed a wide shallow groove 15. Each sleeve 13 has a cylindrical liner 16 and each groove 15 serves to form an annular recess surrounding the liner 16. A tubular joint piece 17 has a central cylindrical portion 18 and, at each end, a part-spherical portion 19. The portions 19 are engaged one within each liner 16 opposite its associated annular recess. The joint piece 17 and liners 16 have the same or substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion (this is usually ensured by making them of the same material, e.g. stainless steel) which coefficient is greater than that of the material of the sleeves 13. Each liner 16 is, when cold, a slight interference fit in its sleeve 13 and each portion 18 is a slight interference fit in liner 16.To facilitate assembly each liner 16 has an external bevel 16a and an internal bevel 16b.
When the joint is first assembled the aforesaid slight interference fits cause the joint to be gas tight, and when the joint heats up in use the higher expansion coefficients of the liners and joint piece causes the joint to remain gas-tight whilst allowing slight longitudinal and radial relative movement of the pipes to reduce thermal and mechancial stress on the pipes. However, when the joint is hot, and remains hot for a period of time, the problem of "heat-soaking" does not arise. During expansion of the joint piece the liners are resiliently sprung outwardly into the annular recesses and when the joint cools the liners relax inwardly maintaining the closed fit of the components and ensuring that the joint is gas-tight even when cold.
Stainless steel is a suitable material for the joint piece and liners at temperatures which occur in diesel engine exhaust systems, about 800 c. For engines having higher exhaust temperatures (for example a turbo-charged petrol engine may have an exhaust system temperature of 900 c) nimonic alloys, such as INCONEL (Registered Trade Mark) or INCOLOY (Registered Trade Mark) or even pure nickel can be used.
The invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing description and variations can be made.
For example, the annular recess around each liner can be provided by an external groove in the liner itself which would then have a pair of annular shoulders, one at each end, engaging a plain cylindrical face on the sleeves.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention the liners 16 are composed of two or more coaxially disposed tubular laminations. These laminations may either be arranged with an air space or spaces trapped between them or may be coniposed of two or more layers of metals having dissimilar coeffi cients of thermal expansion arranged to flex when heated in the manner of a bimetallic strip.
When laminations containing an airspace are used, expansion of the trapped air heated by the passage of exhaust gases through the pipe joint causes the liners 16 to expand towards the portions 19 and sleeves 13, and particularly to increase the areas of contact with the part spherical portions 19.
This provides increased sealing of the pipe joint and provides some compensation for wear.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, the tubular members 20 project from the respective cylindrical apertures in the adjacent ends of the pipes 21. The joint piece 22 incorporating part spherical portions 23 engages the tubular members 20 outside the cylindrical apertures. The members 20 are therefore free to deform in use of the joint. The members 20 may be composed of coaxially dis posed layers as described for the preceding embodi ments.

Claims (12)

1. A pipe joint comprising a tubular joint piece incorporating two part spherical portions, a pair of cylindrical apertures at the adjacent ends of two pipes and a pair of tubular members having substantally the same coefficients of thermal expansion as said joint piece, a respective part spherical portion engaging an inner surface of a respective member each member being located at least partially within a respective aperture and being arranged so that an outer surface of each member corresponding to each said inner surface is not in contact with a said pipe.
2. A pipe joint as claimed in Claim 1, wherein a cylindrical sleeve is disposed at the said ends of two pipes each said member being disposed within a respective sleeve, there being an annular recess between each sleeve and the respective member, each part spherical portion engaging a said inner surface in the proximity of a respective recess.
3. A pipe joint as claimed in claim 2, wherein said recess comprises a shallow groove in the respective sleeve.
4. A pipe joint as claimed in Claim 2, wherein a said member is provided with a larger diameter shoulder at each end thereof.
5. A pipe joint as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein at ambient temperature each member is an interference fit within a respective aperture and each part spherical portion is an interference fit within a respective member.
6. A pipe joint as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a member comprises two or more coaxially disposed layers.
7. A pipe joint as claimed in Claim 6, wherein gas is trapped between said layers.
8. A pipe joint as claimed in Claim 6, wherein said layers do not have the same coefficients of thermal expansion.
9. A pipe joint as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the outer layer has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than the inner layer or layers.
10. A pipe joint as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said joint piece and members are composed of stainless steel.
11. A pipe joint substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
12. A pipe joint as claimed in any preceding claim in conjunction with the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine.
GB8126057A 1980-08-29 1981-08-26 Pipe joint Expired GB2083154B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8126057A GB2083154B (en) 1980-08-29 1981-08-26 Pipe joint

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8028050 1980-08-29
GB8126057A GB2083154B (en) 1980-08-29 1981-08-26 Pipe joint

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2083154A true GB2083154A (en) 1982-03-17
GB2083154B GB2083154B (en) 1984-06-27

Family

ID=26276732

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8126057A Expired GB2083154B (en) 1980-08-29 1981-08-26 Pipe joint

Country Status (1)

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GB (1) GB2083154B (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4553775A (en) * 1983-04-26 1985-11-19 Pressure Science Incorporated Resilient annular seal with supporting liner
DE3509359A1 (en) * 1985-02-12 1986-08-14 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau Thermal expansion feed-through
US4613170A (en) * 1984-12-20 1986-09-23 Nelson Industries, Inc. Adaptor for connecting tubular members in an exhaust system
US4644747A (en) * 1986-02-10 1987-02-24 General Motors Corporation Low-stress shielded exhaust passage assemblies
GB2238838A (en) * 1989-11-15 1991-06-12 Ford Motor Co Pipe coupling
US5967568A (en) * 1997-06-13 1999-10-19 M&Fc Holding Company, Inc. Plastic pipe adaptor for a mechanical joint
US6052888A (en) * 1995-01-18 2000-04-25 M & Fc Holding Company, Inc. Method of stiffening a flexible pipe
US7556295B2 (en) * 2004-02-20 2009-07-07 Fey Lamellenringe GmbH & Co., KG Axial and radial play and angle compensation of a tolerating pipe connection
EP2154408A1 (en) 2008-07-30 2010-02-17 Parker Hannifin Corp. Sealing joint for connecting adjoining duct pieces in a engine exhaust system
US8220843B2 (en) 2008-07-30 2012-07-17 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Sealing joint for connecting adjoining duct pieces in an engine exhaust system
WO2013170126A1 (en) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-14 Eaton Corporation Sealed gimbal joint
WO2015153079A1 (en) * 2014-04-02 2015-10-08 Caterpillar Inc. Joint for tube
WO2018114815A1 (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 Mahle International Gmbh Coupling element of a crankcase ventilation device

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4553775A (en) * 1983-04-26 1985-11-19 Pressure Science Incorporated Resilient annular seal with supporting liner
US4613170A (en) * 1984-12-20 1986-09-23 Nelson Industries, Inc. Adaptor for connecting tubular members in an exhaust system
DE3509359A1 (en) * 1985-02-12 1986-08-14 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau Thermal expansion feed-through
US4644747A (en) * 1986-02-10 1987-02-24 General Motors Corporation Low-stress shielded exhaust passage assemblies
EP0232953A1 (en) * 1986-02-10 1987-08-19 General Motors Corporation Low-stress shielded exhaust passage assemblies
GB2238838A (en) * 1989-11-15 1991-06-12 Ford Motor Co Pipe coupling
US6052888A (en) * 1995-01-18 2000-04-25 M & Fc Holding Company, Inc. Method of stiffening a flexible pipe
US6131265A (en) * 1997-06-13 2000-10-17 M & Fc Holding Company Method of making a plastic pipe adaptor
US5967568A (en) * 1997-06-13 1999-10-19 M&Fc Holding Company, Inc. Plastic pipe adaptor for a mechanical joint
US7556295B2 (en) * 2004-02-20 2009-07-07 Fey Lamellenringe GmbH & Co., KG Axial and radial play and angle compensation of a tolerating pipe connection
EP2154408A1 (en) 2008-07-30 2010-02-17 Parker Hannifin Corp. Sealing joint for connecting adjoining duct pieces in a engine exhaust system
US8172274B2 (en) 2008-07-30 2012-05-08 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Sealing joint for connecting adjoining duct pieces in an engine exhaust system
US8220843B2 (en) 2008-07-30 2012-07-17 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Sealing joint for connecting adjoining duct pieces in an engine exhaust system
WO2013170126A1 (en) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-14 Eaton Corporation Sealed gimbal joint
US9163762B2 (en) 2012-05-10 2015-10-20 Eaton Corporation Sealed gimbal joint
WO2015153079A1 (en) * 2014-04-02 2015-10-08 Caterpillar Inc. Joint for tube
WO2018114815A1 (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 Mahle International Gmbh Coupling element of a crankcase ventilation device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2083154B (en) 1984-06-27

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
732 Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977)
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee