GB2079850A - Diesel engine with precombustion chamber - Google Patents
Diesel engine with precombustion chamber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2079850A GB2079850A GB8114749A GB8114749A GB2079850A GB 2079850 A GB2079850 A GB 2079850A GB 8114749 A GB8114749 A GB 8114749A GB 8114749 A GB8114749 A GB 8114749A GB 2079850 A GB2079850 A GB 2079850A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- precombustion chamber
- fuel
- compression cylinder
- diesel engine
- opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
- F02B19/02—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers the chamber being periodically isolated from its cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
A precombustion chamber 12 has an opening 10 for communicating the precombustion chamber with the cylinder 4, an injector 18 for delivering fuel into the precombustion chamber, a glow plug 16 for igniting vaporized fuel in the chamber 12, and a valve 14 normally closing the opening 10 and operable near the end of the compression stroke of the piston to allow compressed air from the cylinder to flow into the precombustion chamber to aid in atomizing and vaporizing the fuel delivered by the injector. The chamber 12 may contain a mixing screen (22), Fig. 2 (not shown), and a poppet valve or valves (24 or 26, 28), Figs. 3 and 4 (not shown), may control communication between the chamber and the cylinder. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Diesel engine with precombustion chamber
This invention relates to a diesel engine with a precombustion chamber and is particularly directed to methods and apparatus for enhancing atomization and vaporization of fuel in the diesel engine.
In recent years, man has begun to recognise the limitations of the world's supplies of fossil fuels, especially petroleum. As a result, increasing interest has been shown in diesel engines because of their greater efficiency and ability to burn alternative fuels. Unfortunately, known diesel engines have been prone to incomplete combustion which has reduced the fuel efficiency of which the diesel-engines are capable, and has yielded particulate emissions that contribute significantly to air pollution.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved diesel engine with improved fuel efficiency and a reduced amount of particulate emission.
According to the present invention, there is provided a diesel engine comprising a compression cylinder, a piston movable within the compression cylinder, a precombustion chamber, an opening communicating the compression cylinder with the precombustion chamber, fuel delivery means for delivering fuel into the precombustion chamber, valve means normally closing the opening and operable to open the opening, and means for Igniting the fuel in the precombustion chamber.
With the engine of the present invention, opening of the valve means at the end of the compression stroke subjects the fuel to a massive, high stagnation-pressure air blast which atomizes the fuel into very fine droplets that promote full and complete combustion, thereby increasing fuel efficiency and decreasing production of particulate emissions.
The invention will be described in more detail, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a diesel engine embodying the present invention; and
Figs 2 to 4 show three modified embodiments.
In Fig 1 a diesel engine 2 has a compression cylinder 4 and a piston 5 moving within the cylinder. At the compression end 8 of cylinder 4, an opening 10 communicates with a precombustion chamber 12 and a valve 14 is positioned to normally close the opening 10. An injector 1 6 is provided to deliver fuel into the precombustion chamber 12, in a predetermined manner. A glow plug 18 is provided to ignite the fuel in the precombustion chamber 1 2. Valves 20 are provided in the compression end 8 of the cylinder 4, and are operated in a conventional manner to permit intake of fresh air and exhaust of the combustion products.
In operation, as the piston 6 approaches the compression end 8 of the compression cylinder 4, the injector 16 sprays a predetermined amount of fuel into the precombustion chamber 12. At approximately the same time, the valve 14 opens to allow the compressed air from the compression cylinder 4 to rush through the opening 10 into the precombustion chamber 12. This creates a massive, high stagnation-pressure air blast which serves to further atomize and vaporize the fuel delivered by the injector 1 6. Subsequently, the glow plug 1 8 ignites the atomized and vaporized fuel, which expands back through opening 10 into the compression cylinder 4, and drives piston 6 downward for its power stroke.
Valve 14 may be operated mechanically as by valve lifters and timing devices (not shown), as is well known in the art, or may be held normally closed by resilient means such as a spring (not shown) which will yield when the piston 6 compresses the air in the compression cylinder 4 to a desired air pressure.
Fig 2 is similar to Fig 1, but has a porous plate or screen 22 mounted diagonally across the precombustion chamber 12. The screen 22 receives the fuel delivered by the fuel injector 1 6 and aids in exposing the fuel to the blast of compressed air from the compression cylinder 4, upon opening of valve 14, to further enhance vaporization of the fuel.
Fig 3 is similar to Fig 1, except that the outwardly opening valve 14 of Fig 1 is replaced by an inwardly opening valve 24 in Fig 2. Valve 24 of
Fig 3 serves the same purpose as valve 14 of Fig 1, but is urged closed by air pressure within compression cylinder 4 and, hence, requires mechanical actuation whereas valve 14 of Fig 1 can be opened by the pressure in compression cylinder 4, as described above. An advantage of the valve 24 is that it can be partially opened during the final portions of the compression stroke of piston 6 to cause the high pressure air blast from the compression cylinder 4 into the precombustion chamber 12 which aids in atomizing the fuel and, during the beginning of the power stroke of piston 6, can be opened more fully to reduce the pumping power loss as the combustion products flow out of the precombustion chamber 12 into the compression chamber 4.
Fig 4 illustrates an alternative form of the diesel engine of Fig 1 having a first valve 26 normally closing the opening 10, and having a second opening 28 communicating the precombustion chamber 12 with the compression cylinder 4 and having a second valve 30 normally closing the opening 28.
The operation of the diesel engine of Fig 4 is similar to that of Fig 1, except that valve 26 opens during the final portions of the compression stroke of piston 4 to permit the compression air from compression cylinder 4 to rush into the precombustion chamber 12 to aid in atomizing the fuel. Thereafter, valve 26 closes, and upon ignition of the atomized fuel by glow plug 1 8, valve 30 opens to allow the combustion products to flow throygh opening 28 into the compression cylinder 4 to initiate the power stroke of piston 6.
If desired, valve 26 of Fig 4 could be an inward opening valve, similar to valve 14 of Fig 1, and could be pressure-actuated as desired above for valve 14 of Fig 1.
Claims (9)
1. A diesel engine comprising a compression cylinder, a piston movable within the compression cylinder, a precombustion chamber, an opening communicating the compression cylinder with the precombustion chamber, fuel delivery means for delivering fuel into the precombustion chamber, valve means normally closing the opening and operable to open the opening, and means for igniting the fuel in the precombustion chamber.
2. A diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein the valve means is operable near the end of the compression stroke of the piston to allow compressed air from the compression cylinder to rush through the opening into the precombustion chamber to facilitate atomization and vaporization of the fuel in the precombustion chamber.
3. A diesel engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the valve means is resiliently urged closed and opens in response to the air pressure in the compression cylinder exceeding a predetermined value.
4. A diesel engine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, further comprising porous means mounted in the precombustion chamber and positioned to receive fuel from the fuel delivery means and serving to enhance exposure of the fuel to the compressed air flow through the said opening.
5. A diesel engine according to claim 4, wherein the porous means is a screen mounted to extend diagonally across the precombustion chamber.
6. A diesel engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the valve means opens outwardly from the precombustion chamber and is operable from the normally closed position to a first, partially open position, to cause a high pressure drop between the compression cylinder and the precombustion chamber, and to a second, fulyl open position, to reduce the pumping power loss as the combustion products flow from the + precombustion chamber into the compression cylinder.
7. A diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein the valve means comprise two valves of which one is arranged to open to allow compressed air to enter the precombustion chamber and to close prior to igniting the fuel, while the other is arranged to open to allow the ignited fuel to flow into the cylinder.
8. The method of operating a diesel engine having a compression cylinder and a precombustion chamber, the method comprising the steps of taking a quantity of air into the compression cylinder, compressing the air in the compression cylinder, delivering a quantity of fuel into the precombustion chamber, preventing air from the compression cylinder from flowing into the precombustion chamber until the air is compressed to a predetermined pressure, then allowing air above the predetermined pressure to flow into the precombustion chamber to facilitate atomization and vaporization of the fuels, and igniting the vaporized fuel in the precombustion chamber.
9. A diesel engine substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in
Figs 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15297880A | 1980-05-23 | 1980-05-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2079850A true GB2079850A (en) | 1982-01-27 |
| GB2079850B GB2079850B (en) | 1983-11-23 |
Family
ID=22545260
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8114749A Expired GB2079850B (en) | 1980-05-23 | 1981-05-14 | Diesel engine with precombustion chamber |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5716223A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3120532A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2483010A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2079850B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1986000664A1 (en) * | 1984-07-03 | 1986-01-30 | Baralaba Pty Ltd | Internal combustion engine for heavy fuel |
| US4846125A (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1989-07-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Hareyama Giken | Internal combustion engine |
| WO2003006803A1 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2003-01-23 | Guryanov Alexandr Vladimirovic | Operating method for an internal combustion engine |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1983000530A1 (en) * | 1981-08-01 | 1983-02-17 | Richard Furneaux Kinnersly | Internal combustion engine and rotary valve member therefor |
| DE3802669A1 (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1989-08-03 | Abdel Halim Dr Ing Saleh | A METHOD FOR TWO-PHASE INJECTION AND SUBSEQUENTLY CLOSED EVAPORATION OF DIESEL FUELS BEFORE THE COMBUSTION IN DIESEL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| JPH086587B2 (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1996-01-24 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | Auxiliary combustion chamber type adiabatic engine |
| DE19624965A1 (en) * | 1996-06-22 | 1998-01-02 | Motoren Werke Mannheim Ag | Ignition system for a gas engine |
| KR100899557B1 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2009-05-27 | 마이클 패트릭 딕손 | Homogeneous or premixed charge auto-ignition engine |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR909893A (en) * | ||||
| GB1380941A (en) * | 1971-05-20 | 1975-01-22 | Vincent P C | Internal combustion engines |
| DE2400015A1 (en) * | 1974-01-02 | 1975-07-10 | Hans H Dipl Ing Dr Ing Seidel | PISTON ENGINE |
-
1981
- 1981-04-14 FR FR8107483A patent/FR2483010A1/en active Granted
- 1981-05-14 GB GB8114749A patent/GB2079850B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-18 JP JP7363181A patent/JPS5716223A/en active Pending
- 1981-05-22 DE DE19813120532 patent/DE3120532A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1986000664A1 (en) * | 1984-07-03 | 1986-01-30 | Baralaba Pty Ltd | Internal combustion engine for heavy fuel |
| US4846125A (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1989-07-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Hareyama Giken | Internal combustion engine |
| WO2003006803A1 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2003-01-23 | Guryanov Alexandr Vladimirovic | Operating method for an internal combustion engine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5716223A (en) | 1982-01-27 |
| FR2483010B1 (en) | 1985-01-04 |
| GB2079850B (en) | 1983-11-23 |
| FR2483010A1 (en) | 1981-11-27 |
| DE3120532A1 (en) | 1982-06-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4300497A (en) | Prevaporizing diesel precombustion chamber | |
| US20200200068A1 (en) | Diesel engine with turbulent jet ignition | |
| US4372264A (en) | Internal combustion engine for diverse fuels | |
| JP4176483B2 (en) | 4-stroke self-ignition engine | |
| EP0118445A1 (en) | Internal combustion engine for diverse fuels | |
| US1616157A (en) | Internal-combustion engine | |
| US2093339A (en) | Internal combustion engine | |
| US20050051130A1 (en) | Internal combustion engine with divided combustion chamber | |
| US4282845A (en) | Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas accumulation chamber | |
| US4342300A (en) | Stratified charge engine with charge preparation means | |
| GB2079850A (en) | Diesel engine with precombustion chamber | |
| CN101109344A (en) | Oxygen intake type single stroke engine and operation method thereof | |
| CA2748667A1 (en) | Internal combustion engine having independent gas supply with no compression stroke | |
| US5027765A (en) | Method of pneumatic injection of fuel into a cylinder of a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a corresponding injection device | |
| GB2085075A (en) | Ic engine fuel and air injection nozzle | |
| US1983351A (en) | Internal-combustion engine | |
| US1719023A (en) | Device for working combustion engines with liquid or pulverized fuels | |
| JPH07189848A (en) | Combustion method for internal combustion engine | |
| JP3414510B2 (en) | Gas engine | |
| JPS6027828Y2 (en) | internal combustion engine | |
| JP3038091B2 (en) | Gas engine using ceramic valve | |
| GB2079365A (en) | Diesel engine with precombustion chamber | |
| US1373876A (en) | Internal-combustion engine | |
| US1026871A (en) | Internal-combustion engine. | |
| GB463283A (en) | Method of charging an internal combustion engine with solid pulverised fuels |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |