GB2073491A - Electrolytic condenser - Google Patents
Electrolytic condenser Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2073491A GB2073491A GB8100670A GB8100670A GB2073491A GB 2073491 A GB2073491 A GB 2073491A GB 8100670 A GB8100670 A GB 8100670A GB 8100670 A GB8100670 A GB 8100670A GB 2073491 A GB2073491 A GB 2073491A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- condenser
- produced
- electrodes
- carbonisation
- foil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003092 coiled body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/44—Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
An electrolytic condenser comprises a carbon electrode, which has been produced by carbonisation of a polyimide foil.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Electrolytic condensers
This invention relates to electrolytic condensers (or capacitors), especially double layer condensers (or capacitors), and more particularly to the use of carbon electrodes therein.
Double layer condensers comprising electrodes formed of carbon, for example in the form of vitreous carbon or pyro-carbon, possess especially high capacitance values. Vitreous carbon is preferred for this purpose on account of its better impermeability with respect to fluids and its better corrosion resistance in relation to other types of carbon. The superior surface properties of the vitreous carbon make possible, moreover, small plate separations, without the need for a special mechanical working of the surfaces.
Electrodes formed of vitreous carbon are generally subjected to a special activating treatment to increase their activity, for example they may be subjected to heating in oxidising gases or steam or in high concentration acids, so as to give them a microporous surface structure.
Vitreous carbon plates may be produced by carbonization of hardened or thermally stabilized resins which have previously been poured in surface extensive forms when in a viscous liquid condition. The production of other forms, for example hemicylinders or cylindrical sections, by using substantially the same process is also possible. All shaped bodies formed of such resins contract during the carbonisation by a considerable amount and relatively large deformations are not avoided by carbonising bodies of relatively small thickness produced in plate or disc form. The tendency of vitreous carbon products to deformation thus militates against their use as electrodes for condensers having a high power density because of the uneven electrode separation. In addition vitreous carbon is an unsuitable material for electrodes with a very small thickness.
According to the present invention, there is provided an electrolytic condenser, which comprises a carbon electrode which has been produced by carbonisation of a polyimide foil.
A carbon electrode as aforesaid of a condenser embodying this invention may possess very small thickness while exhibiting better dimensional stability than vitreous carbon and like electrical and electrochemical character to vitreous carbon. Hence such electrodes are suitable for use in the production of condensers of relatively high power density.
When polyimide foils are subjected to carbonisation in an inert atmosphere, they form elastic carbon foils having a very smooth surface. The shrinkage which occurs during the carbonisation amounts to be about 20% but because of the elasticity of the product, the deformation characteristic of vitreous carbon products can be avoided. The exact shrinkage value can be determined by simple experiments. Hence, carbon foils or plates having a thickness of from 8 to 800 lim may be obtained from commercially available foils whose thickness amounts to from 10 to 1000 lim. Any crinkling or deformation of the foils at the temperature of the carbonisation treatment can be avoided simply by application of a load of from 10 to 100 N/cm2 during carbonisation.The applied load should however be such as not to hinder the contraction of the foil during the carbonisation treatment and it is therefore preferable to interleave the polyimide foils between flat surfaced bodies having a small coefficient of friction. Graphite foils which have been produced by compression and rolling of expanded graphite particles are particularly suitable for this purpose. The rate of heating up of the polyimide foils during the carbonisation should amount to about 3 to 10 K/h. It is sufficient to heat the foils to a maximum temperature which is in the region of from 800 to 1200 C.
A characteristic advantage of carbon electrodes produced from polyimide foil when used in condensers, as against electrodes formed of vitreous carbon is the smaller thickness of the foils which can be used in relation to the thickness of a vitreous carbon plate. Thus the foil thickness may amount to less than 100 Fm, in contrast to which vitreous carbon plates can only be produced in a thickness of about 500 ,um. From this it follows that with like thicknesses of electrolyte layers, an at least 5 times greater packing and energy density of the condenser can be achieved. A further advantage results from the flexibility of the polyimide starting foils.Round condensers, for example, may be produced in simple manner by winding in a coil a sandwich structure of two foil bands formed of polyimide with an intermediate layer of paper and then carbonising the wound body. The paper is carbonised during the thermal treatment and after blowing the carbonised paper from between the carbonised polyimide foils, two uniformly spaced carbon spirals are produced around a common axis.
For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how the same can be carried into effect, reference will now be made by way of example only to the accompanying drawing which is a plan view of a coiled sandwich structure to be subjected to carbonisation.
Thus referring to the drawing, there is shown a pair of polyimide fils 1 and 2 separated by cellulose paper bands 2 and 4 wound in a quadruple spiral form.
The following Examples illustrate this invention:
Example 1
Round discs with a diameter of 70 mm were stamped from commercially available polyimide foils having a thickness of 100 lim. A plurality of the discs was stacked one upon another separated from each other by means of graphite foil and the stack was clamped between graphite plates. The stack was heated with a temperature gradient of 4 K/h in a nitrogen atmosphere to 950" while loaded under a pressure of about 50
N/cm2.
Example 2
A spiral arrangement of the type shown in the accompanying drawing was produced from polyimide bands having a width of 20 mm and a length of 140 mm cut from polyimide foils. The two bands were coiled together with bands of celiulose paper around a ceramic peg. The coiled body was heated as in Example 1 and the carbonised paper was blown outtherefrom after cooling of the carbonised body.
Plates and bands produced in each of Example 1 and 2 were used as electrodes for electolytic condensers.
The plates and bands exhibited the following properties:
Bulk density 1.5 g/cm2
specific electrical
resistance 50 pom tensile strength 50 N/mm2
permeability co
efficient 10-11 cm2/s
Claims (10)
1. An electrolytic condenser, which comprises a carbon electrode which has been produced by carbonisation of a polyimide foil.
2. A condenser as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electrode has a thickness of from 8 to 800 lim.
3. A condenser as claimed in claim 2, wherein said electrode has been produced by heating under carbonising conditions a polyimide foil which has a thickness of from 10 to 1000 item.
4. - A condenser as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said foil has been subjected to an applied load of from 10 to 100 N/cm2 while interleaved between two graphite surfaces during carbonisation.
5. - A condenser as claimed in claim 6, wherein, during carbonisation, the foil has been interleaved between two graphite foils which have been produced by compression together and rolling of expanded graphite particles.
6. A condenser as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said electrode is one of at least two such electrodes spirally wound together concentrically with a constant spacing existing therebetween.
7. A condenser as claimed in claim 6, wherein said electrodes have been produced from a stack of at least two polyimide foils in the form of bands having paper separating bands between adjacent foils, the stack -having been coiled concentrically and carbonised to form an assembly of two or more electrodes spirally wound together with said constant spacing therebetween.
8. A condenser as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein carbonisation of the polyimide foil in the production of said electrodes has been carried out in an inert atmosphere with a temperature gradient of from 3 to 10K/hat a temperature rising to a value in the range of from 800 to 1 200 C.
9. An electrolyte condenser which comprises at least two carbon electrodes, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
10. An electrolyte condenser, which comprises a carbon electrode produced by a procedure substantially as described in either of the foregoing Examples.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803011732 DE3011732A1 (en) | 1980-03-26 | 1980-03-26 | ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYTE CAPACITORS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2073491A true GB2073491A (en) | 1981-10-14 |
Family
ID=6098426
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8100670A Withdrawn GB2073491A (en) | 1980-03-26 | 1981-01-09 | Electrolytic condenser |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3011732A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2479547A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2073491A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0863520A2 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1998-09-09 | Koslow Technologies Corporation | Electrode manufacturing process and flow-through capacitor produced therefrom |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4032153A1 (en) * | 1990-10-10 | 1992-04-16 | Alt Eckhard | Electrode system for defibrillation and cardioversion of human heart - consists of two electrode groups with one group made from non metal fibre and other of metal |
| CN103662381B (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2015-09-02 | 刘俊杰 | Hinge placing device |
-
1980
- 1980-03-26 DE DE19803011732 patent/DE3011732A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-11-26 FR FR8025108A patent/FR2479547A1/en active Pending
-
1981
- 1981-01-09 GB GB8100670A patent/GB2073491A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0863520A2 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1998-09-09 | Koslow Technologies Corporation | Electrode manufacturing process and flow-through capacitor produced therefrom |
| EP0863520A3 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1998-11-11 | Koslow Technologies Corporation | Electrode manufacturing process and flow-through capacitor produced therefrom |
| US6022436A (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 2000-02-08 | Koslow Technologies Corporation | Electrode manufacturing process and flow-through capacitor produced therefrom |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2479547A1 (en) | 1981-10-02 |
| DE3011732A1 (en) | 1981-10-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |