GB2068786A - Improvements in or relating to electric wiring harnesses - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to electric wiring harnesses Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2068786A
GB2068786A GB8102078A GB8102078A GB2068786A GB 2068786 A GB2068786 A GB 2068786A GB 8102078 A GB8102078 A GB 8102078A GB 8102078 A GB8102078 A GB 8102078A GB 2068786 A GB2068786 A GB 2068786A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
carriers
pair
electrical leads
gripping devices
electrical lead
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Granted
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GB8102078A
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GB2068786B (en
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Balfour Beatty PLC
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BICC PLC
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Priority to GB8102078A priority Critical patent/GB2068786B/en
Publication of GB2068786A publication Critical patent/GB2068786A/en
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Publication of GB2068786B publication Critical patent/GB2068786B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/012Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for manufacturing wire harnesses
    • H01B13/01254Flat-harness manufacturing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Supply And Installment Of Electrical Components (AREA)

Abstract

An electrical wiring harness is made by successively adhering electrical leads transversely between at least one pair of tapes as they are advanced in the direction of their lengths. In apparatus for doing this, leads (5) are successively held between two gripping devices (25) (Fig. 2) which, as the lead (5) is transferred to between pairs of tapes (3, 4) (Fig. 3) with pressure sensitive adhesive, are moved automatically relatively apart thereby holding the lead taut. The parts of the tape on both sides of each lead are pressed together so that the lead is gripped between the tapes. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to electric wiring harnesses This invention relates to electric wiring harnesses for use with many kinds of electrical apparatus or installation, which harnesses are of the kind comprising a predetermined number of flexible insulated conductors, generally and hereinafter referred to as electrical leads, to one or each end of which an electrical termination is secured, the assembly of leads constituting the harness being held together by one or more than one cable tie, strap or other securing means.
Depending on the use for which an electric wiring harness is required, some or all of the electrical leads of the harness may have lengths and/or conductor cross-sections that are the same as or that differ from those of other electrical leads of the harness and/or some or all of the electrical leads of the harness may have electrically insulating coverings that differ in colour, pattern or in some other respect from those of other electrical leads of the harness in order that any one electrical lead of the harness can be readily identified.As a consequence, assembly of cable harnesses can be a time-consuming and hence expensive operation and, in the case of harnesses including a plurality of electrical leads having conductor cross-sections and/or insulating coverings differing from one another, a manufacturer of wiring harnesses must hold in stock electrical leads of any one conductor cross-section with a wide range of differing insulating coverings.
In the specification of our co-pending Patent Application No 8002398 filed on the same day as the present application, there is described and claimed a simple and inexpensive method of manufacturing an electric wiring harness, which method enables the number of electrical leads of any one size with insulating coverings differing from one another that must be stocked by a cable harness manufacturer to be substantially reduced.The method comprises the steps of causing at least one flexible elongate carrier to travel in the direction of its length past at least one station at which electrical leads can be applied transversely to the carrier or carriers; after a predetermined length of carrier or carriers has travelled past the electrical lead application station, stopping travel of the carrier or carriers, automatically applying an electrical lead transversely across the carrier or carriers in such a way that it is secured thereto, and thereinafter causing travel of the carrier or carriers to recommence; and repeating the last-mentioned step for each electrical lead to be applied to the carrier or carriers.
The present invention provides, for use with an electrical lead application station feeding electrical leads successively in a direction transverse to their lengths, apparatus for successively applying electrical leads transversely of and at longitudinally spaced positions between at least one pair of flexible elongate carriers.
According to the invention, the electrical lead application apparatus comprises at least two electrical lead gripping devices spaced apart lengthwise of electrical leads to be fed to the apparatus, at least one of said gripping devices being moveable in a direction towards or away from the other gripping device; means for transferring electrical leads, carried by said gripping devices, successively from said gripping devices to between at least one pair of flexible elongate carriers advancing in the directions of their lengths, one or each movable gripping device being so coupled to said transfer means that, as an electrical lead is transferred towards said pair or pairs of flexible carriers, said one or each moveable gripping device moves away from the other gripping device so that the electrical lead carried by them is held substantially taut; and means for effecting adhesion between said advancing pair of pairs of flexible elongate carriers so that electrical leads are held therebetween at spaced positions long the length thereof.
Preferably, two or more transversely spaced pairs of flexible elongate carriers are caused to advance in the directions of their lengths substantially parallel to one another and separate means is associated with each pair of carriers for effecting adhesion between the carriers of the pair, said adhesion effecting means being coupled together.
The electrical lead application apparatus may also include, downstream of the means for effecting adhesion between said advancing pairs of flexible elongate carriers, means for winding the pairs of flexible elongate carriers and the electrical leads secured to and extending tranvsersely of the carriers on to a drum or reel, or means for automatically cutting the pairs of carriers at spaced positions along their length to form a plurality of wiring harnesses each comprising a supported predetermined number of electrical leads.
Preferably, each electrical lead gripping device is mounted on and is movable with respect to one of two transversely spaced carriages in a direction towards or away from the other gripping device and the position of at least one of the carriages is adjustable in a direction towards or away from the other carriage and can be locked in any desired position with respect to the other carriage within a limited range, thereby accommodating for electrical leads of any predetermined length within said limited range.
In a preferred means for transferring electrical leads carried by the gripping devices successively from the gripping devices between the pairs of flexible carriers, the pair of transversely spaced carriages are mounted on a frame rotatable about an axis extending substantially parallel to the direction in which the gripping devices are movable and one or each carriage is or are adjustable, and the frame has a plurality of pairs of carriages mounted on it at circumferentially spaced positions around the frame, the arrangement being such that, after an electrical lead has been fed to and is gripped by gripping devices of one pair of carriages, the frame can be caused to rotate automatically until the gripping devices of the succeeding pair of carriages are positioned to receive the next electrical lead being fed to the apparatus, the gripping devices automatically moving transversely apart to hold substantially taut the electrical lead extending between them during such rotational movement of the frame.
The means for effecting adhesion between each pair of flexible elongate carriers preferably comprises two endless surfaces each of which can be driven in the direction of its length and which are urged under pressure towards one another, and means for separately guiding the two flexible elongte carriers of the pair in the directions of their lengths between said endless surfaces, the arrangement being such that, when the flexible elongate carriers are fed towards said endless surfaces and electrical leads are applied at intervals between said flexible carriers by said transfer means, as the pair of flexible carriers are introduced between said endless surfaces, the movable endless surfaces urge together those parts of the pair of flexible carriers extending between adjacent electrical leads to cause the to adhere to one another.Preferably, each of the pairs of flexible carriers is a plastics tape, one or each of the neighbouring surfaces of the tapes having a coating of pressure sensitive adhesive, or each of the pairs of flexible carriers may be of a material or may be coated with a material, that bonds on application of heat and/or pressure, the necessary heat and/or pressure being applied by the endless surfaces.
In a preferred embodiment, one of the endless surfaces is the surface of an endless belt that can be driven around at least two spaced pulleys and the other of the endless surfaces is the circumferential surface of a drum. The circumferential surface of the drum has a orofile which is capable of enclosing a substantial part (e.g. about 75%) of the cir cumference of a lead; thus that surface may have a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots e, tending substantially parallel to the axis of the drum.
The means for separately guiding one of a pair of tapes or other flexible carriers between the endless surfaces is preferably so positioned that it guides the tape partially around one of the pulleys of the endless belt; the means guiding the other tape of the pair guides the tape partially around the drum.
To assist in transfer for electrical leads from the gripping devices between the pairs of tapes or other flexible carriers, preferably the pulley around which one of the tapes partially travels has, at circumferentially spaced positions around the periphery of its two flanges, notches into which successive electrical leads from the gripping devices can be transferred.
A penumatically loaded latching finger may be associated with the pulley for holding electrical leads on the tape travelling around the periphery of the pulley after they have been transferred from the gripping devices and before they are held between the two tapes.
The electrical lead application apparatus as hereinbefore described is especially, but not exclusively, suitable for use with an electrical lead application station which includes a known form of machine (hereinafter referred to as a measuring and cutting machine) which measures and cuts an insulated conductor to predetermined lengths to form electrical leads, and associated with the measuring and cutting machine, endless means of a known form for conveying electrical leads successively in a direction transverse to their lengths. Usually said endless conveying means comprises two transversely spaced endless chains carrying electrical lead gripping devices at spaced positions along their lengths. In some circumstances, the measuring and cutting machine may also strip insulation from one or each end of an electrical lead.In this latter case, the endless conveying means may be stopped periodically with a stripped electrical lead carried thereby positioned at a terminating station or stations where an electrical terminal is crimped to one or each end of the electrical lead by a terminating machine.
Preferably, the notched pulley wheels of the endless belts are geared to the spindle of the frame by appropriate reduction gear and periodic rotational movement of the frame is automatically effected by means of a control mechanism coupled to the measuring and cutting machine. This control mechanism also automatically actuates pneumatic devices which effect opening and closing of the grips ing devices carried by the endless chains of the measuring and cutting machine and the carriages of the transfer means.
The invention also includes a method for successively applying electrical leads transversely of and at longitudinally spaced positions between at least one pair of flexible elongate carriers using the apparatus as here it before described.
This method comprises successively feeding electrical leads between at least two spaced apart electrical lead gripping devices, causing one or each gripping device to move relative to the other so as to hold taut the electrical lead carried by them, transferring electrical leads when carried by said gripping devices successively from said gripping devices to between at least one pair of flexible elongate carriers advancing in the directions of their length, and effecting adhesion between said advancing pair or pairs of flexible elongate carriers so that electrical leads are held therebetween at spaced positions along the length thereof. It may also include rotating a frame, on which the gripping devices are mounted, to effect the moving of one or each gripping device relative to the other.
The invention is further illustrated by a description, by way of example, of a preferred apparatus for successively applying electrical leads transversely of and at longitudinally spaced intervals between two transversely spaced pairs of plastics tapes with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the method of and apparatus used in manufacturing an electric wiring harness.
Figure 2 is a fragmental diagrammatic front view of the preferred electrical lead application apparatus, and Figure 3 is a fragmental side view of the preferred electrical lead application apparatus.
As will be seen on referring to Fig. 1, in the manufacture of an electric wiring harness, an insulated conductor 10 is fed in the direction of its length through a marking device 1 2 to a known form of measuring, cutting and stripping machine 11 which measures a predetermined length of insulated conductor, cuts the insulated conductor to said predetermined length, strips insulation from each end of the cut length of insulated conductor and transfers predetermined lengths of insulated conductor, now constituting electrical leads, at regular intervals across a pair of endless conveyors 1 3. The marking device 1 2 is operatively coupled to the measuring, cutting and stripping machine 11 and, at intervals appropriate to the measuring and cutting operations of the machine, the marking device automati cally applies to the travelling insulated conductor i 0, at positions spaced appropriate to the lengths of the electrical leads to be cut, a series of references numerals 1 to 7, in duplicate, so that each electrical lead carries a distinguishing reference numeral near each of its ends.
Apparatus for so marking an insulated conductor as it moves towards a measuring and cutting machine is the subject of our copending Patent Application No. 7942077 filed on 6 December 1 979.
The endless conveyors 13, carrying transversely extending electrical leads 5 at intervals along the lengths of the conveyors extend between two transversely spaced terminating machines 14 and, as each electrical lead 5 in turn is positioned between the terminating machines, the conveyors 1 3 automatically stop and the terminating machines crimp terminals 9 to the stripped ends of the electrical lead.
At the downstream end of the conveyors 13, a carousel transfer device 15, operatively coupled to the measuring and cutting machine 11, picks up each terminated electrical lead 5 in turn, pulls it in a transverse direction to make it taut, and positions it between each of two transversely spaced pairs of plastics tapes 3, 4, the pairs constituting flexible carriers 2.
The plastics tapes 3, 4 of each flexible carrier 2 are spaced one above the other with their neighbouring surfaces carrying pressure sensitive adhesive and are fed in the directions of their lengths into a pressure applicating device 1 6 which presses together the parts of the tapes on both sides of each electrical lead 5 so that the electrical lead is gripped between the tapes of the two carriers.
On emerging from the pressure applicating device 16, the flexible carriers 2, supporting electrical leads 5 at regular intervals along their lengths, pass severing machines 1 7 which cut the carriers 2 each time after seven electrical leads carrying reference numerals 1 to 7 have passed.
The marking device 12, the terminating machines 14, the carousel transfer device 15, the pressure applicating devices 1 6 and the severing machines 1 7 are all operatively coupled to, and are under the control of, a control system actuated by the measuring, cutting and stripping machine 11.
The method of manufacturing an electric wiring harness as described above with reference to Fig. 1 is the subject of our co-pending Patent Application No 8002398 filed on the same day as the present application.
Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, the preferred electrical lead application apparatus comprises as principal components, the carousel transfer device 1 5 and two transversely spaced pressure applicating devices 16, of which one only is shown. The carousel transfer device 15 comprises a cylindrical frame 21 which can be rotatably driven about its axis 22 and, at each of four circumferentially spaced positions around the frame (of which one only is shown), a shaft 23 on which are slidably mounted two carriages 24, each of which can be Iccked in any desired position along the shaft. Each carriage 24 on each of the four shafts 23 supports a pneumatically operated electrical lead gripping device 25 which is movable along a shaft 26 in a manner to be described.Attached to each gripping device is a flexible hawser 27 whose other end is wound around an accumulator drum 28, rotatably mounted on the adjacent end face of the frame 21. Each accumulator drum 28 is rotatably driven via rollers 29 which rotate on cam faces 30 on the end face of the frame 21.
After an electrical lead 5 has been automati cally transferred from gripping devices of the endless chains 1 3 (Fig. 1) to a pair of gripp ing devices 25, the cylindrical frame 21 is automatically rotated to move the next of the four pairs of gripping devices 25 in position for reception of the next electrical lead. As the cylindrical frame 21 rotates, the rollers 29 rotatably drive the accumulator 28 in such a direction that the hawsers 27 pull the gripping devices 25 away from one another so that the electrical lead 5 held by the gripping device is pulled taut.
The positions of the carriages 24 on the shaft 23 are adjustable to accommodate for electrical leads of any length within a limited range.
The pressure applicating devices 1 6, of which one only is shown in Fig. 3, each comprise a rotatably driven drum 41 which has a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots extending substantially parallel to the axis of the drum and an endless belt 42 which is driven by pulley 39 to rotate two pulleys 43 and 44, each of which has end flanges with circumferentially spaced notches in each peripheral edge. Downstream of drum 41 and pulley 43 is a severing machine 1 7.
A plastics tape 3 is fed from a source (not shown) partially around the circumferential surface of the pulley 43 between the notched flanges; a plastics tape 4 is fed from a second source (not shown) partially around the circumferential surface of the drum 41. The neighbouring surfaces of the plastics tapes 3 and 4 each carry a coating of pressure-sensitive adhesive. Adjacent the pulley 43 is a pneumatically loaded finger 48, the purpose of which will be explained.
When the cylindrical frame 21 has been incrementally rotatably driven approximately 1 80 degrees from the position at which it received the electrical lead from the gripping devices on the endless chains 1 3 (Fig. 1), the electrical lead carried by the pair of gripping devices 25 is automatically transferred into aligned notches of the pulley 43 to overlie the plastics tape 3 and, as the endless belt 42 is incrementally driven around the pulleys 43 and 44, the electrical lead is retained in the notches by the pneumatically loaded finger 48.As the electrical lead 5 enters between the endless belt 42 and the circumferential surface of the drum 41, the slotted surface of drum 41 forces the plastics tape 4 around the electrical lead and against plastics tape 3 so that the parts of the plastics tapes on both sides of the electrical lead are pressed together to cause them to adhere so that the electrical lead is gripped between the tapes.
As the tape supported electrical leads emerge from between the drum 41 and endless belt 42 of each pressure effecting device 16, the plastics tapes pass cutting devices 1 7 which automatically cut the plastics tapes when a predetermined number of electrical leads have passed the cutting devices to form an electrical wiring harness comprising said supported predetermined number of electrical leads.
In a modification (not shown) of device 16, the circumferential surface of drum 41 is unslotted: this surface and the outwardly fac ing surface of the endless belt 42 each have a layer of cellular plastics material which can deform about the electrical lead to ensure that adhesion of the two tapes takes place over substantially the whole of the distance between two adjacent electrical leads.

Claims (11)

  1. Electrical lead application apparatus comprising at least two electrical lead gripping devices spaced apart lengthwise of electrical leads to be fed to the apparatus, at least one of said gripping devices being movable in a direction towards or away from the other gripping device; means for transferring electro cal leads, carried by said gripping devices, successively from said gripping devices to between at least one pair of flexible elongate carriers advancing in the directions of their * lengths, one or each movable gripping device being so coupled to said transfer means that, as an electrical lead is transferred towards said pair of pairs of flexible carriers, said one or each moveable gripping device moves away from the other gripping device so that the electrical lead carried by them is held substantially taut; and means for effecting adhesion between said advancing pair or pairs of flexible elongate carriers so that electrical leads are held therebetween at spaced positions long the length thereof.
  2. 2. Electrical lead application apparatus comprising at least two electrical lead gripping devices spaced apart lengthwise of electrical leads to be fed to the apparatus, at least one of said gripping devices being movable in a direction towards or away from the other gripping device; means for transferring electrical leads, carried by said gripping devices successively from said gripping devices to between a plurality of transversely spaced pairs of flexible elongate carriers advancing in the directions of the lengths substantially par allel to one another, one or each movable gripping device being so coupled to said transfer means that, as an electrical lead is transferred towards said pairs of flexible carriers, said one or each movable gripping device moves away from the other gripping device so that the electrical lead carried by them is held substantially taut; and separate means is associated with each pair of carriers for effecting adhesion between the carriers of the pair so that electrical leads are held therebetween at spaced positions along the length thereof, said adhesion effecting means being coupled together.
  3. 3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein each electrical lead gripping device is mounted on and is movable with respect to one of two transversely spaced carriages in a direction towards or away from the other gripping device and the position of at least one of the carriages is adjustable in a direction towards or away from the other carriage and can be Iccked in any desired position with respect to the other carriage within a limited range, thereby accommodating for electrical leads of any predetermined length within said limited range.
  4. 4. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the transfer means comprises a frame rotatable about an axis extending substantially parallel to the direction in which the gripping devices are movable, a plurality of pairs of carriages mounted on the frame at circumferentially spaced postions around the frame, the position of at least one of the carriages of each pair being adjustable in a direction towards or away from the other carriage and capable of being locked in any desired position with respect to the other carriage within a limited range, the arrangement being such that, after an electrical lead has been fed to and is gripped by gripping devices of one pair of carriages, the frame can be caused to rotate automatically until the gripping devices of the succeeding pair of carriages are positioned to receive the next electrical lead being fed to the apparatus, the gripping devices automatically moving transversely apart to hold substantially taut the electrical lead extending between them during such rotational movement of the frame.
  5. 5. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the means for effecting adhesion between each pair of flexible elongate carriers comprises two endless surfaces each of which can be driven in the direction of its length and which are urged under pressure towards one another, and means for separately guiding the two flexible elongate carriers of a pair in the direction of their lengths between said endless surfaces, the arrangement being such that, when the flexible elongate carriers are fed towards said endless surfaces and electrical leads are applied at intervals between said flexible carriers ty said transfer means, as the pair of flexible carriers are introduced between said endless surfaces, the movable endless surfaces urge together those parts of the pair of flexible carriers extending between adjacent electrical leads to cause them to adhere to one another.
  6. 6. Apparatus according to Claim 5, wherein one of the endless surfaces is the surface of an endless belt that can be driven around at least two spaced pulleys and the other of the endless surfaces is the circumferential surface of a drum.
  7. 7. Apparatus according to Claim 6, wherein at least the circumferential surface of the drum has a profile which is capable of enclosing a substantial part of the circumference of a lead.
  8. 8. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims, further comprising means for automatically cutting the pairs of carriers at spaced positions along their length to form a plurality of wiring harnesses each comprising a supported predetermined number of electrical leads.
  9. 9. A method of successively applying electrical leads transversely of and at longitudinally spaced positions between at least one pair of flexible elongate carriers, said method comprising successively feeding electrical leads between at least two spaced apart electrical lead gripping devices, causing one or each gripping device to move relative to the other so as to hold taut the electrical lead carried by them, transferring electrical leads when carried by said gripping devices successively from said gripping devices to between at least one pair of flexible elongate carriers advancing in the directions of their length, and effecting adhesion between said advancing pair or pairs of flexible elongate carriers so that electrical leads are held therebetween at spaced positions along the length thereof.
  10. 10. A method of successively applying electrical leads transversely of and at longitudinally spaced positions between at least one pair of flexible elongate carriers, said method comprising feeding successively electrical leads between at least two spaced apart electrical lead gripping devices, causing one or each gripping device to move relative to the other so as to hold taut the electrical lead carried by them, transferring electrical leads when carried by said gripping devices successively from said gripping devices to between a plurality of pairs of flexible elongate carriers advancing in the directions of their length substantially parallel to one another and synchronising the effecting of adhesion between the carriers of the pairs so that electrical leads are held therebetween at spaced positions along the length thereof.
  11. 11. A method according to Claim 9 or 10, wherein rotating a frame, on which the gripping devices are mounted, effects the moving of one or each gripping device relative to the other.
    1 2. A method of applying electrical leads substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
GB8102078A 1980-01-24 1981-01-23 Electric wiring harnesses Expired GB2068786B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8102078A GB2068786B (en) 1980-01-24 1981-01-23 Electric wiring harnesses

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8002399 1980-01-24
GB8102078A GB2068786B (en) 1980-01-24 1981-01-23 Electric wiring harnesses

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GB2068786A true GB2068786A (en) 1981-08-19
GB2068786B GB2068786B (en) 1983-02-16

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2515471A1 (en) * 1981-10-07 1983-04-29 Tokai Electric Wire APPARATUS FOR ASSEMBLING CONDUCTOR BEAMS
EP0778587A2 (en) * 1995-12-05 1997-06-11 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Flat electric wire for wire harness and method and apparatus of producing the same
WO2019086090A1 (en) * 2017-10-31 2019-05-09 Kk Wind Solutions A/S Electric wire harness
DE102022112929A1 (en) 2022-05-23 2023-11-23 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG Device for bundling multiple cables

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2515471A1 (en) * 1981-10-07 1983-04-29 Tokai Electric Wire APPARATUS FOR ASSEMBLING CONDUCTOR BEAMS
EP0778587A2 (en) * 1995-12-05 1997-06-11 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Flat electric wire for wire harness and method and apparatus of producing the same
EP0778587A3 (en) * 1995-12-05 1998-09-02 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Flat electric wire for wire harness and method and apparatus of producing the same
US5878489A (en) * 1995-12-05 1999-03-09 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Method of producing flat electric wire harnesses
EP0999558A3 (en) * 1995-12-05 2000-08-09 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Flat electric wire for wire harness and method and apparatus of producing the same
WO2019086090A1 (en) * 2017-10-31 2019-05-09 Kk Wind Solutions A/S Electric wire harness
DE102022112929A1 (en) 2022-05-23 2023-11-23 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG Device for bundling multiple cables

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732 Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977)
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee