GB2063209A - Cylinder wound from strands - Google Patents

Cylinder wound from strands Download PDF

Info

Publication number
GB2063209A
GB2063209A GB8004903A GB8004903A GB2063209A GB 2063209 A GB2063209 A GB 2063209A GB 8004903 A GB8004903 A GB 8004903A GB 8004903 A GB8004903 A GB 8004903A GB 2063209 A GB2063209 A GB 2063209A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
layer
hollow body
longitudinal axis
rotor
angle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB8004903A
Other versions
GB2063209B (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN AG
Original Assignee
MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG filed Critical MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG
Publication of GB2063209A publication Critical patent/GB2063209A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2063209B publication Critical patent/GB2063209B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/08—Centrifuges for separating predominantly gaseous mixtures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges
    • B04B7/08—Rotary bowls
    • B04B7/085—Rotary bowls fibre- or metal-reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/205—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration
    • B29C70/207—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration arranged in parallel planes of fibres crossing at substantial angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
    • F16C3/026—Shafts made of fibre reinforced resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A cylindrical hollow body, e.g. the rotor of a gas ultra centrifuge, comprises at least one layer of fibre strands (3) which cross over each other and at least one second layer (1, 4) of fibre strands running circumferentially, the layer (4) being radially outermost. In order to obtain a high extension braking point without increasing body distortion at least a further layer (2) of fibre strands is provided in which the fibres run substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body, and the angle ( alpha ) between the longitudinal axis and the crossed fibre strands of the said one layer (3) is +/-45 DEG . <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Cylindrical hollow body formed from fibrereinforced material The invention relates to a cylindrical hollow body formed from fibre-reinforced material intended for fast rotation about its longitudinal axis and comprising at least one layer of fibres which cross over each other and which are inclined at the same angle to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body in both directions of cross over and at least one second layer of fibre strands running circumferentially, which layer is radially outermost.
In known fast-rotating cylindrical hollow bodies the crossed-over fibres extend at an angle of about + 250 to the longitudinal axis of the body. This angle produces the optimum rigidity of the hollow body when continuous winding is used, and it is assumed that stresses occuring in the matrix during rotation will not lead to the formation of crack of creep. However tests have shown that the risk of crack formation in the matrix is very great when the fiber strands are inclined at an angle of less than + 250 to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body.
This danger of crack formation was however be reduced by using a matrix construction having a relatively high extension breaking point, but this has the disadvantage that the distortion of the hollow body is disproportionately large after long use.
The object of the invention is to arrange the fibre strands of the hollow body in such a way that a matrix construction with a relatively high extension breaking point can be used without increasing the distortion of the hollow body after long use in comparison with the distortion of known hollow bodies.
When a tube is loaded with a transverse force, in the neutral axis the normal stress a is zero and the shear stress T is a maximum, whereas at the periphery the shear stress T is zero and the normal stress a is a maximum. The object of the invention is achieved through a recognition of these facts by providing at least one further layer of fibre strands and by inclining the crossed fibres strands in the one layer at + 450 to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body.
For a matrix with a relatively high elongation breaking point a cylindrical hollow body was built with a so-called longitudinal layer of + 250 and a cylindrical hollow body was built with a longitudinal layer of + 50 and a diagonal layer of i 450, the elongation breaking point of the two hollow bodies was then compared. An angle of + 50 and not an angle of 00 was choser for the longitudinal layer for constructional reasons. After a few hours the hollow body with the longitudinal layer of + 250 displayed a high distortion (up to 0.9 mm), whereas the hollow body with the longitudinal layer and the diagonal layer displayed a constantly low distortion of about 0.04 mm after approximately 1,000 hours.
By using an additional longitudinal layer and the diagonal layer in the hollow body in accordance with the invention higher imbalances may also be allowed without danger of large distortions.
The cylindrical hollow body according to the invention can also be used at high temperatures without affecting its rigidity.
The cylindrical hollow body in accordance with the invention is particularly suitable for use as the rotor tube of a gas ultra centrifuge.
The accompanying drawing shows the layer construction in a rotor built according to the invention for a gas ultra centrifuge. The fibre strands are wound on a spindle in a manner well known to the man skilled in the art. When the wound body has hardened, like spindle is removed. The innermost fibre layer I of the rotor is wound at on.angle of 900 to the longitudinal axis of the rotor. In the next subsequent layer 2 the fibre strands run parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rotor. In the next layer 3, the so-called diagonal layer, the fibre strands cross over each other at an angle a of f 450 to the rotor axis. The outermost layer 4 is the socalled circumferential layer.
In an alternative construction the layer 1 is omitted and/or a further circumferentially wound layer is arranged between the layers 2 and 3. In the actual construction of the rotor the separate layers extended of course over the whole rotor length. The layers have been shown stepped merely for a better understanding of the invention.
The use of the invention is not limited to rotor tubes of gas ultra centrifuges. The invention can be used for any fast rotating cylindrical hollow body which is formed from reinforced fibre material.
1. Cylindrical hollow body intended for fast rotation about its longitudinal axis and comprising at least one layer of fibre strands which are crossed and which are inclined at the same angle to the longitudinal axis in both directions of cross over and at least one second layer of fibre strands running circumferentially, which layer is radially outermost characterised in that at least a further layer (2) of fibre strands is provided in which the fibres run substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body and that the angle (cur) between the longitudinal axis of the hollow body and the crossed fibre strands of the one layer (3) is + 450.
2. The use of the cylindrical hollow body according to claim 1 as a rotor tube of a gas ultra centrifuge.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (2)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. SPECIFICATION Cylindrical hollow body formed from fibrereinforced material The invention relates to a cylindrical hollow body formed from fibre-reinforced material intended for fast rotation about its longitudinal axis and comprising at least one layer of fibres which cross over each other and which are inclined at the same angle to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body in both directions of cross over and at least one second layer of fibre strands running circumferentially, which layer is radially outermost. In known fast-rotating cylindrical hollow bodies the crossed-over fibres extend at an angle of about + 250 to the longitudinal axis of the body. This angle produces the optimum rigidity of the hollow body when continuous winding is used, and it is assumed that stresses occuring in the matrix during rotation will not lead to the formation of crack of creep. However tests have shown that the risk of crack formation in the matrix is very great when the fiber strands are inclined at an angle of less than + 250 to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body. This danger of crack formation was however be reduced by using a matrix construction having a relatively high extension breaking point, but this has the disadvantage that the distortion of the hollow body is disproportionately large after long use. The object of the invention is to arrange the fibre strands of the hollow body in such a way that a matrix construction with a relatively high extension breaking point can be used without increasing the distortion of the hollow body after long use in comparison with the distortion of known hollow bodies. When a tube is loaded with a transverse force, in the neutral axis the normal stress a is zero and the shear stress T is a maximum, whereas at the periphery the shear stress T is zero and the normal stress a is a maximum. The object of the invention is achieved through a recognition of these facts by providing at least one further layer of fibre strands and by inclining the crossed fibres strands in the one layer at + 450 to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body. For a matrix with a relatively high elongation breaking point a cylindrical hollow body was built with a so-called longitudinal layer of + 250 and a cylindrical hollow body was built with a longitudinal layer of + 50 and a diagonal layer of i 450, the elongation breaking point of the two hollow bodies was then compared. An angle of + 50 and not an angle of 00 was choser for the longitudinal layer for constructional reasons. After a few hours the hollow body with the longitudinal layer of + 250 displayed a high distortion (up to 0.9 mm), whereas the hollow body with the longitudinal layer and the diagonal layer displayed a constantly low distortion of about 0.04 mm after approximately 1,000 hours. By using an additional longitudinal layer and the diagonal layer in the hollow body in accordance with the invention higher imbalances may also be allowed without danger of large distortions. The cylindrical hollow body according to the invention can also be used at high temperatures without affecting its rigidity. The cylindrical hollow body in accordance with the invention is particularly suitable for use as the rotor tube of a gas ultra centrifuge. The accompanying drawing shows the layer construction in a rotor built according to the invention for a gas ultra centrifuge. The fibre strands are wound on a spindle in a manner well known to the man skilled in the art. When the wound body has hardened, like spindle is removed. The innermost fibre layer I of the rotor is wound at on.angle of 900 to the longitudinal axis of the rotor. In the next subsequent layer 2 the fibre strands run parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rotor. In the next layer 3, the so-called diagonal layer, the fibre strands cross over each other at an angle a of f 450 to the rotor axis. The outermost layer 4 is the socalled circumferential layer. In an alternative construction the layer 1 is omitted and/or a further circumferentially wound layer is arranged between the layers 2 and 3. In the actual construction of the rotor the separate layers extended of course over the whole rotor length. The layers have been shown stepped merely for a better understanding of the invention. The use of the invention is not limited to rotor tubes of gas ultra centrifuges. The invention can be used for any fast rotating cylindrical hollow body which is formed from reinforced fibre material. CLAIMS
1. Cylindrical hollow body intended for fast rotation about its longitudinal axis and comprising at least one layer of fibre strands which are crossed and which are inclined at the same angle to the longitudinal axis in both directions of cross over and at least one second layer of fibre strands running circumferentially, which layer is radially outermost characterised in that at least a further layer (2) of fibre strands is provided in which the fibres run substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body and that the angle (cur) between the longitudinal axis of the hollow body and the crossed fibre strands of the one layer (3) is + 450.
2. The use of the cylindrical hollow body according to claim 1 as a rotor tube of a gas ultra centrifuge.
GB8004903A 1979-03-09 1980-02-18 Cylinder wound from strands Expired GB2063209B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19792909393 DE2909393A1 (en) 1979-03-09 1979-03-09 CYLINDRICAL HOLLOW BODY MADE OF FIBER COMPOSITE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2063209A true GB2063209A (en) 1981-06-03
GB2063209B GB2063209B (en) 1983-05-25

Family

ID=6064999

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8004903A Expired GB2063209B (en) 1979-03-09 1980-02-18 Cylinder wound from strands

Country Status (3)

Country Link
DE (1) DE2909393A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2063209B (en)
NL (1) NL8001108A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3320605A1 (en) * 1983-06-08 1984-12-13 Schaab, Brigitta, 8950 Kaufbeuren Deformation element and process for the manufacture thereof
WO1992021515A1 (en) * 1991-05-31 1992-12-10 Rolls-Royce Plc A fibre reinforced component and a method of manufacturing such a component
US9962715B2 (en) 2009-06-12 2018-05-08 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Decanter centrifuge and a screw conveyer
US11840964B2 (en) 2021-08-19 2023-12-12 Rolls-Royce Plc Shaft component and method for producing a shaft component

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3116520A1 (en) * 1981-04-25 1982-11-18 Heraeus-Christ Gmbh, 3360 Osterode "CENTRIFUGAL ROTOR"
GB2133499B (en) * 1982-11-16 1985-10-09 Honda Motor Co Ltd Shafts incorporating fibre-reinforced plastics
US4738656A (en) * 1986-04-09 1988-04-19 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Composite material rotor
FR2603228B1 (en) * 1986-08-28 1989-06-02 Aerospatiale PROCESS FOR PRODUCING RIGID LINKS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND LINKS OF ROBOT ARMS INCLUDING APPLICATION.
JPH07500284A (en) * 1991-10-21 1995-01-12 ベックマン　インスツルメンツ　インコーポレーテッド Centrifuge mixed sample container
JPH07329199A (en) * 1994-06-06 1995-12-19 Nippon Oil Co Ltd Cylindrical molding of fiber-reinforcing composite material
AT411787B (en) * 2001-10-31 2004-05-25 Siemens Sgp Verkehrstech Gmbh HOLLOW SHAFT

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3320605A1 (en) * 1983-06-08 1984-12-13 Schaab, Brigitta, 8950 Kaufbeuren Deformation element and process for the manufacture thereof
WO1992021515A1 (en) * 1991-05-31 1992-12-10 Rolls-Royce Plc A fibre reinforced component and a method of manufacturing such a component
US9962715B2 (en) 2009-06-12 2018-05-08 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Decanter centrifuge and a screw conveyer
US11840964B2 (en) 2021-08-19 2023-12-12 Rolls-Royce Plc Shaft component and method for producing a shaft component

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL8001108A (en) 1980-12-31
GB2063209B (en) 1983-05-25
DE2909393A1 (en) 1981-03-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
GB2063209A (en) Cylinder wound from strands
US4171494A (en) Electric rotary machine having superconducting rotor
US5566588A (en) Flywheel rotor with conical hub and methods of manufacture therefor
US3866792A (en) Integral filament reinforced composite-rocket chamber/adapter
SE438013B (en) WINDOWS FOR WINDOWS
US3797737A (en) High-speed rotation drum for use with a centrifugal separator for gaseous mixture
US5693166A (en) Method for fabricating a high-damping rib-stiffened composite hollow cylinder core configuration
GB2043833A (en) Rotor assembly
JPH0137722B2 (en)
US4160521A (en) Fibre-reinforced rotor
US5044808A (en) Steering rod for motor vehicles
US5402966A (en) Missile optical waveguide
US3765796A (en) Filament reinforced rotor assembly
GB2054083A (en) A Tensile/Compressive Member
US3844730A (en) Process for the manufacture of a rotor or shaft of low deformability
US5562014A (en) Fly wheel arrangement
US6086969A (en) Cylindrical rotating body of low inertia
US5134003A (en) Hollow cylindrical structural member of fiber reinforced resin
US6044726A (en) Optimum rotationally symmetric shells for flywheel rotors
WO2013170284A1 (en) Flywheel
US2189785A (en) Wire propeller blade
EP3769947A1 (en) Hybrid metallic/composite tube design to transfer bending, axial, and flexural shear
Prewo The Charpy Impact Energy of Boron-Aluminum
JP2002061565A (en) Flywheel rotor
JP2010047103A (en) Radial tire for aircraft

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee