GB2058322A - Double-walled tank for low temperature liquids - Google Patents

Double-walled tank for low temperature liquids Download PDF

Info

Publication number
GB2058322A
GB2058322A GB8026252A GB8026252A GB2058322A GB 2058322 A GB2058322 A GB 2058322A GB 8026252 A GB8026252 A GB 8026252A GB 8026252 A GB8026252 A GB 8026252A GB 2058322 A GB2058322 A GB 2058322A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
tank
double walled
layer
thermal insulation
walled tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB8026252A
Other versions
GB2058322B (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Walter Bau AG
Original Assignee
Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG filed Critical Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
Priority to GB8026252A priority Critical patent/GB2058322B/en
Publication of GB2058322A publication Critical patent/GB2058322A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2058322B publication Critical patent/GB2058322B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/10—Arrangements for preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/022—Land-based bulk storage containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0337—Granular
    • F17C2203/0341—Perlite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0678—Concrete
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/068—Special properties of materials for vessel walls
    • F17C2203/0695—Special properties of materials for vessel walls pre-constrained
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

In a double-walled tank for low temperature liquids e.g. liquid gas, comprising a primary safety casing in the form of an inner tank (3) and a secondary safety casing in the form of an outer tank made from reinforced concrete, and a layer of thermal insulation (13), preferably of granular loose material, e.g. perlite, disposed between the two tanks, the layer of thermal insulation (15) consists of a light aggregate of appropriate grain size, preferably expanded clay or expanded shale, in the region of the bedding of the inner tank (31). <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Double-walled tank for low-temperature liquids This invention relates to a double-walled tank for low-temperature liquids, e.g. liquid gas, comprising a primary safety casing in the form of an inner tank and a secondary safety casing in the form of an outer tank made from reinforced concrete, and a layer of thermal insulation, preferably of granular loose material, e.g. perlite, disposed between the two tanks.
In the tank of this kind, the inner tank is the actual storage container and thus forms the primary safety casing while the outer tank is the secondary safety casing. If the inner tank leaks, the outer tank prevents the low-temperature liquid from escaping directly into the environment.
In large tanks of this kind, the layer of thermal insulation disposed in the tank base area between the inner and outer tanks experiences high pressures which it must withstand. These are either hydrostatic pressures, in which case the inner tank base acts like a diaphragm, or - more generally - the inner tank bedding pressures which must be transmitted through the layer of thermal insulation on to the base of the outer tank and from there on to the foundation.
While foam plastic, e.g. perlite, is used for the layer of thermal insulation between the side walls of the inner and outer tanks, this material is unsuitable for the base area because of its low mechanical strength. The disadvantage of using foam glass as a material for the thermal insulation in the tank base area is that it is very brittle and has only relatively low strength. Low strength together with the inability of a brittle material to withstand locally high stresses by deformation, constitutes a considerable risk for the permanent existence of the layer of thermal insulation.
Another disadvantage is that a layer of thermal insulation consisting of foam glass is substantially sealing-tight with respect to liquids. More particularly, in conjunction with a liquidpermeable thermal insulation in the wall area, e.g.
of perlite, this has the additional disadvantage that the secondary safety of the tank is impaired, i.e.
the outer tank safety. In the event of a leakage of the inner tank, i.e. loss of primary safety, the cold gas immediately reaches the outer tank in the wall area but not in the base area, so that high constrained stresses occur with cracks consequently forming in the outer tank.
The object of this invention is to find a material for the layer of thermal insulation in the base area of such a tank without the said disadvantages.
The invention provides a double walled tank for low temperature liquids comprising a primary safety casing in the form of an inner tank and secondary safety casing in the form of an outer tank made from reinforced concrete and a layer of thermal insulation disposed between the two tanks, the thermal insulation betwen the lower part of the inner and outer tanks consisting of a light aggregate material. More, the layer of thermal insulation may consist of a light aggregate of appropriate grain size of expanded clay or expanded shale.
Materiais known as light aggregates for concrete, more particularly expanded clay and expanded shale give a high stressable deformable and also liquid-permeable filling equivalent to the perlite filling in the wall area. The great advantage of this filling is that the base can be given basically any desired construction, i.e., including a curvature along two axes.
The invention is explained in detail below with reference to one exemplified embodiment illustrated in the drawing wherein: Figure 1 is a vertical section through a cylindrical tank according to the invention;- Figure 2 is an enlarged-scale cross-section through the base area of the tank at II in Figure 1; Figure 3 is an enlarged-scale partial crosssection through the container base at Ill in Figure 2; Figure 4 is a vertical section through a tank having a curved outer wall and base, and Figure 5 is a cross-section through the base area of the tank at IV in Figure 3, to an enlarged scale.
Figures 1 and 2 show a cylindrical tank 1 consisting of an outer tank 2 and an inner tank 3.
The outer tank 2 with the cylindrical side wall 4, a base 5 and a roof shell 6, consists of reinforced concrete. Figure 2 shows prestressing members 7 and 8 for prestressing the side wall 4 and base 5 respectively. The inner tank 3 consists of metal. It also has a side wall 9 and a base 10.
A vapour-tight layer in the form of a metal liner 11 is provided on the inside of the outer tank 2 and to it there is applied an insulating liner 12 in the form of a thermally insulating layer of polyurethane foam which is applied in layers without joints. Both layers extend at least over all the side wall 4 and the base 5, and possibly also over the roof shell 6. They form a barrier against moisture diffusing through from outside, and an additional seal which also protects the outer tank against cold shock in the event of sudden leakage of the inner tank.
The space between the outer tank 2 and the inner tank 3 is provided with a filling 13 of thermally insulating material, e.g. perlite. An elastic mat 14 is provided between the inner tank 3 and the thermally insulating material.
The thermally insulating layer in- the area of the base 10 of the inner tank 3 consists of a filling 1 5 of expanded clay or expanded shale, on which is placed the base 10 of the inner tank 3 with the interposition of balancing and/or additional thermally insulating layers. An annular foundation member 1 5' consisting of pressurn-resistant thermally insulating material is embedded in the filling below the wall 9 of the inner tank 3.
Reinforcement in the form of load-bearing spacers 12' is foamed into the polyurethane foam insulating liner 12 in the area of the base 10 of the inner tank 3. These spacers 12' are arranged in a pattern; they bear directly on the metal liner 11, which also extends over the base 5 of the outer tank 2. A load-distributing reinforced concrete slab 16 has a reinforcement which is ductile at low temperature, said slab directly bearing the filling 15 and being situated above the spacers.
The tank 17 shown in Figures 4 and 5 is in the form of a substantially drop-shaped body of revolution with a curved base. The outer tank 18 consists of a substantially frusto-conical top part 19 which merges by a continuous curvature into the curved base 20, and a steel inner tank 21 of approximately the same shape.
The rest of the tank construction is basically the same as described in connection with Figures 1 and 2. In the region of the bedding a metal liner 22 and an insulating liner 23 are provided above the base plate 20 of the outer tank 18 and the expanded clay or expanded shale filling 15 is disposed on a load-distributing reinforced concrete slab 24 thereabove. Above filling 15 is a bottom concrete layer 25 and a part-spherical layer 26 consisting of reinforced concrete with reinforcement which is ductile at low temperature, and which directly bears the steel inner tank 21.
The expanded clay or expanded shale filling 1 5 is followed by a perlite filling 27 in the region of the side wall, and filling 27 is again covered by an elastic mat 28 against which the steel inner tank 21 bears.

Claims (9)

1. A double walled tank for low temperature liquids comprising a primary safety casing in the form of an inner tank and secondary safety casing in the form of an outer tank made from reinforced concrete and a layer of thermal insulation disposed between the two tanks, the thermal insulation between the lower part of the inner and outer tanks consisting of a light aggregate material.
2. A double walled tank as claimed in claim 1 wherein the light aggregate material between the lower parts of the inner and outer tanks comprises an expanded clay or an expanded shale.
3. A double walled tank as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the layer of thermal insulation between the remaining parts of the inner and outer tanks comprises a loose granular material.
4. A double walled tank as claimed in claim 3 wherein the loose granular material comprises perlite.
5. A double walled tank as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the inner tank is formed from metal.
6. A double walled tank as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the outer tank has a vapour type layer in the form of a metal liner for extending over the inner surface thereof.
7. A double walled tank as claimed in claim 6 wherein a thermally insulating layer of polyurethane foam extends over the inner surface of the metal liner.
8. A double walled tank as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein an elastic mat encircles the outer part of the inner tank other than said lower part and the layer of thermal insulation is disposed between the elastic mat and the outer tank.
9. A double walled tank substantially as described with reference to and as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 or Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
GB8026252A 1980-08-12 1980-08-12 Doubled-walled tank for low-temperature liquids Expired GB2058322B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8026252A GB2058322B (en) 1980-08-12 1980-08-12 Doubled-walled tank for low-temperature liquids

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8026252A GB2058322B (en) 1980-08-12 1980-08-12 Doubled-walled tank for low-temperature liquids

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2058322A true GB2058322A (en) 1981-04-08
GB2058322B GB2058322B (en) 1984-04-04

Family

ID=10515400

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8026252A Expired GB2058322B (en) 1980-08-12 1980-08-12 Doubled-walled tank for low-temperature liquids

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2058322B (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2495733A1 (en) * 1980-12-06 1982-06-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie THERMAL INSULATION
JP2017057594A (en) * 2015-09-15 2017-03-23 鹿島建設株式会社 Underground construction and construction method for the same
CN115046128A (en) * 2022-05-30 2022-09-13 中海石油气电集团有限责任公司 Spherical liquid hydrogen storage tank

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2495733A1 (en) * 1980-12-06 1982-06-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie THERMAL INSULATION
JP2017057594A (en) * 2015-09-15 2017-03-23 鹿島建設株式会社 Underground construction and construction method for the same
CN115046128A (en) * 2022-05-30 2022-09-13 中海石油气电集团有限责任公司 Spherical liquid hydrogen storage tank

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2058322B (en) 1984-04-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4366654A (en) Double-walled tank for low-temperature liquids
US2777295A (en) Concrete reservoir for liquefied gases
US4426817A (en) Double-walled tank for low-temperature liquids
US3655086A (en) Receptacles for the storage of liquefied gases at cryogenic temperatures
US4183221A (en) Cryogenic liquefied gas tank
RU2307973C2 (en) Reservoir for storing cryogenic fluid medium and method of manufacture of hermetically sealed reservoir
US6368018B2 (en) Installation for storing of natural gas
WO2006046872A1 (en) Tank for storage of lng or other cryogenic fluids
US4344264A (en) Flexible corner seal structure for cryogenic container
GB2058322A (en) Double-walled tank for low temperature liquids
CN212268413U (en) Hot angle protection structure of low-temperature full-capacity storage tank
US4717285A (en) Cistern for liquid or gas, constructed of reinforced concrete
US5468089A (en) Buried storage tank with a single fluid-tight vessel for the confinement of a liquefied gas for example and arrangement of such storage tanks
GB2028992A (en) Support for a tank which includes at least a bottom portion which is part-spherical
US3558000A (en) Metallic liner system
US3488972A (en) Cryogenic storage structure
US3562986A (en) Liquid storage container
NL8004529A (en) DOUBLE WALL BARREL FOR DEEP-COOLED LIQUID.
CN111692515A (en) LNG storage tank and LNG tank deck structure
GB2232182A (en) Access chamber and method of making same, liner and cover therefor
EP0078134A1 (en) Improvements in tanks
JPS6212108B2 (en)
US4031679A (en) Spherical storage tank for gases and liquids and supporting base therefor
JP4337168B2 (en) Low temperature tank
JPH10101191A (en) Low temperature tank

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee