GB2058120A

GB2058120A - Antifreeze Formulation

Info

Publication number: GB2058120A
Application number: GB8027336A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: PPG Industries Inc
Current assignee: PPG Industries Inc
Priority date: 1979-08-23
Filing date: 1980-08-22
Publication date: 1981-04-08
Also published as: DE3030719A1; GB2058120B; JPS5632575A; DE3030719C2

Abstract

The invention provides a phosphate-borate ethylene glycol based antifreeze formulation containing a precipitation retarding amount of at least one alkylene diphosphonic acid represented by the formula: <IMAGE> wherein R is hydrogen or C1 to C4 alkyl; and R' is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino or C1 to C4 alkyl or water- soluble salt thereof. It includes a method of retarding precipitation of aluminium corrosion products in cooling systems associated with internal combustion engines having aluminium components in contact with phosphate-borate ethylene glycol based antifreeze by incorporating in the antifreeze a precipitation retarding amount of at least one alkylene diphosphonic acid represented by the formula: <IMAGE> wherein R is hydrogen or C1 or C4 alkyl; and R' is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino or C1 to C4 alkyl or water- soluble salt thereof.

Description

SPECIFICATION Antifreeze Formulation Ethylene glycol based antifreeze formulations may be inhibited with inorganic additives, e.g., alkali metal borates and phosphates, which phosphate-borate type ethylene glycol based antifreeze formulations have excellent corrosion preventive properties when used in cooling systems associated with conventional cast iron internal combustion engines. In efforts to reduce weight and maximize fuel efficiency, there is a trend toward use of aluminium engine components, particularly aluminium cylinder heads.

It has been observed that when phosphate-borate ethylene glycol based antifreeze formulations are used in cooling systems of internal combustion engines having aluminium components, e.g.

cylinder heads, aluminium corrosion products reach a solubility maximum in the antifreeze and precipitate out in the radiator section of the cooling system resulting in engine overheating due to diminished heat transfer in the radiator.

In accordance with this invention it has been found that precipitation of aluminium corrosion products from phosphate-borate ethylene glycol based antifreeze formulations can be retarded by incorporating in the antifreeze formulation a precipitation retarding amount of at least one alkylene diphosphonic acid, or water-soluble salt thereof.

Alkylene diphosphonic acids suitable for use as aluminium corrosion product precipitation retardants in accordance with the invention are known compounds and are described, for example in U.S. Patent No. 3,214,454 and U.S. Patent No. 3,297,578. The alkylene phosphonic acids are those represented by the general formula:

wherein R is hydrogen or C, to C4 alkyl; and R' is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino or C1 to C4 alkyl.Some specific examples of alkylene disphosphonic acids contemplated for use in accordance with the invention are methylene disphosphonic acid; 1 ,1-ethylidenediphosphonic acid, isopropylidenediphosphonic acid; 1 -hydroxyethylidene-1 ,1 -diphosphonic acid; 1-hydroxy propylidene disphonic acid; butylidene diphosphonic acid; 1-aminoethylene-1,1-disphosphonic acid; 1-aminopropane-1,1- diphosphonic acid or mixtures thereof. The water-soluble salts of these acids, e.g. alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts may also be used. Of the foregoing, 1-hydroxy-ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid is particularly preferred.

The concentration of alkylene diphosphonic acid in the phosphate-borate ethylene glycol based antifreeze formulation may vary over a wide range, for example, from about 50 to about 500 parts, preferably from 250 to about 500 parts by weight disphosphonic acid per million parts by weight antifreeze formulation. Concentrations of disphosphonic acid in excess of about 500 parts per million are not recommended since it has been observed that too high a concentration of diphosphonic acid increases the turbidity of the antifreeze and could cause precipitation of typically used antifreeze inhibitors.

As used herein phosphate-borate ethylene glycol based antifreeze formulations are those wherein ethylene glycol is the major constituent of the formulation (i.e. the ethylene glycol constitutes more than 50% of the composition excluding water, the corrosive action of the ethylene glycol being largely inhibited by the inclusion of inhibiting amounts of inorganic borate and phosphate compounds, e.g.

hydrated sodium tetraborate (borax) and trisodium phosphate. Precise formulations are of course proprietary vis-a-vis particular antifreeze manufacturers, and may contain in addition to borate and phosphate compounds, other additives, e.g. sodium metasilicate, sodium nitrate or sodium hydroxide.

Regardless of the precise formulation phosphate-borate ethylene glycol based antifreeze is an artrecognized term and would, it is believed, have a clear unambiguous connotation to one conversant with the antifreeze art.

The invention is further illustrated, but is not intended to be limited by the following Example.

Example (A) an aqueous antifreeze solution was prepared by diluting Zerex 701 (a commercially available phosphate-borate ethylene glycol based antifreeze formulation produced by PPG Industries, Inc.) with ASTM standard corrosive water in a ratio of 50 parts by volume Zerex 701 to 50 parts by volume corrosive water. ("Zerex" is a Trade Mark).

The ASTM standard corrosive water contains specified concentration of chloride, sulfate and carbonate ions and is commonly used in the evaluation of antifreeze formulations since it offers the advantage of a standardized water source for solution of antifreeze concentrates.

(B) A closed loop heat rejection fouling test apparatus was used to evaluate surface fouling by aluminium corrosion products in the antifreeze solution prepared in part A and in the antifreeze solution of part A to which had been added 500 parts by weight per million parts by weight of Zerex 701 of 1 hydroxyethylidene-1 ,1 -diphosphonic acid (HEDP). The test apparatus comprised a coolant reservoir the sides and top of which were constructed of mild steel with a bottom of aluminium alloy 319. Antifreeze solution was added to the coolant reservoir and circulated via pump means upwardly through a length of vertically disposed 0.75 inch O.D.Pyrex glass tubing having concentrically disposed therein a length of 0.25 inch O.D. thin-walled brass tubing, tap water being continuously flowed through the interior of the brass tubing, the antifreeze solution continuously flowed through the annular space between the inner surface of the glass tubing and the outer surface of the brass tubing and back to the reservoir.

("Pyrex" is a Trade Mark).

The antifreeze solution in the reservoir was heated by a furnace heater which transferred heat to the solution via the aluminium bottom of the reservoir, the temperature of the test solution in the reservoir being maintained in the range of 195 to 2000F. Antifreeze solution was circulated through the test apparatus at a constant rate of about one liter per minute throughout the test period. The flow of tap water through the interior of the brass tube was monitored so as to maintain a temperature drop of 1 50F. between the inlet and outlet of the antifreeze solution flowing over the outer surface of the brass tube.

The extent of aluminium corrosion product precipitation from the antifreeze solution was measured by calculating the decrease in the heat transfer coefficient of the surface of the brass tube in contrast with the antifreeze solution as follows: Mw(Tw2-Tw1) U AxAT wherein U=heat transfer coefficient, BTU hr-ft2-0F Mw=mass flow rate of water through the brass tube, Ib/hr; Tw1=water temperature at inlet to the brass tube, OF; Tw2=water temperature at outlet of the brass tube, OF; A=surface area of brass tube in contact with the antifreeze solution; and AT = (Tg1- Tw2) - Tg2 - Tw1 (tug1 -Tw2) in ( Tg2 ) wherein Tg,=antifreeze solution temperature at inlet to the brass tube, OF; and Tg2=antifreeze solution temperature at outlet of the brass tube, OF.

1 n=refers to the legarithan base e.

Heat transfer data vs. time for test runs under identical conditions using the antifreeze solution of part (A) and the antifreeze solution of part (A) containing 500 ppm by weight on weight of Zerex 701 of HEDP are summarized as follows: U, BTU/hr-ft2- F Time, hrs. SolnA SolnA+HEDP 50 200 305 100 170 302 150 108 300 200 - 298 250 - 295 300 - 292 350 - 290

Claims

1. A phosphate-borate ethylene glycol based antifreeze formulation containing a precipitation retarding amount of at least one alkylene diphosphonic acid represented by the formula:

wherein R is hydrogen or C to C4 alkyl; and R' is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino or C1 to C4 alkyl or watersoluble salt thereof.

2. An antifreeze formulation as claimed in claim 1 in which the amount of the diphosphonic acid is from about 50 to about 500 parts by weight per million parts by weight of antifreeze.

3. An antifreeze formulation as claimed in claim 1 or 2 containing from about 250 to about 500 parts by weight per million parts by weight of antifreeze of alkylene diphosphonic acid or water-soluble salt thereof.

4. An antifreeze formulation as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the alkylene diphosphonic acid is 1 -hydroxyethylidene- ,1 -diphosphonic acid.

5. A method of retarding precipitation of aluminium corrosion products in cooling systems associated with internal combustion engines having aluminium components in contact with phosphate-borate ethylene glycol based antifreeze by incorporating in the antifreeze a precipitation retarding amount of at least one alkylene diphosphonic acid represented by the formula:

wherein R is hydrogen or C, is hydrogen or C1 or C4 alkyl; and R' is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino or C, to C4 alkyl or water-soluble salt thereof.

6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein from about 50 to about 500 parts by weight of alkylene diphosphonic acid or water-soluble salt thereof per million parts by weight of antifreeze are incorporated in the latter.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the antifreeze contains from about 250 to about 500 parts by weight per million parts of antifreeze of alkylene diphosphonic acid or water-soluble salt thereof.

8. A method as claimed in claim 5, 6 or 7, wherein the alkylene diphosphonic acid is 1 hydroxyethylidene-1 ,1-diphosphonic acid.