GB2057844A - Litter or bedding for animals - Google Patents
Litter or bedding for animals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2057844A GB2057844A GB8026010A GB8026010A GB2057844A GB 2057844 A GB2057844 A GB 2057844A GB 8026010 A GB8026010 A GB 8026010A GB 8026010 A GB8026010 A GB 8026010A GB 2057844 A GB2057844 A GB 2057844A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- litter
- bedding
- straw
- paper
- shredded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010867 poultry litter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention concerns material for use as litter or bedding for animals and in particular litter for poultry. In one embodiment, the litter comprises a mixture of straw and a paper-based material, which is milled to shred it, and to which is applied a mould inhibiting agent.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Litter or bedding for animals
The present invention concerns material for use as litter or bedding for animals, and in particular litter for poultry.
Previously poultry litter has been almost entirely composed of wood shavings. This has a number of disadvantages.
Wood shavings are becoming scarce and expensive and are also relatively difficult to transport.
Straw has been proposed as an alternative but straw alone has a number of disadvantages. In particular it is liable to develop mould which can lead, when used as litter for poultry, to fungal disease.
Shredded paper alone has also been tried as litter for broiler chickens but this again has disadvantages. In particular the combination of paper strips and chicken droppings tends to form a crust which will not crumble to allow fresh litter to reach the surface.
The present invention has for an object to reduce these disadvantages.
Accordingly the present invention consists in a litter or bedding material comprising the combination of milled straw and a paper-based material, the percentages by weight of the two materials being approximately 67 to 33% straw to 33% to 67% paper-based material.
The invention also consists in a litter or bedding material comprising the combination of milled straw, a shredded paper base material, and an agent for inhibiting mould growth in the litter or bedding material.
In this specification the term "paper-based material" is intended to cover paper alone, cardboard alone or the combination in any ratio of paper and cardboard.
In order that the present invention may be more readily understood, it will now be described by way of example and with reference to the single figure of the accompanying drawing which is a diagram of the manufacture of litter material according to the present invention.
Referring now to the drawing, 1 is a power source for driving a grinding or milling apparatus comprising a unit 2. A suitable unit 2 is what is known as a hammer mill. Such machines are well known to farmers for grinding or milling foodstuffs, and comprise a chamber, for example a substantially cylin drical chamber or hopper, into which the material to be milled is fed. The chamber contains motor-driven metal, for example steel, bars which flail around in the chamber close to a screen, the mesh size of which is chosen to suit the application required. The flail bars can be driven, e.g. swung about an axis, either by a power take-off from a tractor or by a stationary engine. The material being ground or milled is repeatedly impacted by the flail bars, partially pulverised between the bars and screen, and forced through the screen to shred the material.
Appropriate quantities of straw and paper-based material are fed into the unit 2. Normally the ratio of weights of the two main ingredients are 2 units of straw by weight to 1 of paper-based material.
However variations can be made in these ratios up to approximately 2 units by weight of paper-based material to 1 unit of straw. A ratio, by volume, of 2.25 of straw to 1 of paper-based material has been found to be particularly advantageous for poultry such as broiler chickens.
The effect of the unit 2 is to mill or slice the two materials supplied to it. It is preferred that, when the litter is to be used for poultry, the paper-based material is so shredded that effectively the largest piece thereof after treatment is not larger than 30 x 15 mm., with the bulk of the shredded paper-based material being substantially smallerthan this. Simi marly the shredded straw should preferably have a length not effectively greater than 30 mm., and again the bulk of the shredded straw will be in particles much smallerthanthis.
The shredded straw and paper-based material is removed from the unit 2 by an elevator 3 and deposited in a bulk vehicle 4 for direct transport to the site of use.
As the mixture leaves the end of the elevator it is sprayed with an agent for inhibiting mold growth in the litter, and in particular in the straw. A suitable agent is diluted propionic acid.
It will be appreciated that instead of delivering the litter mixture into a bulk vehicle it could either be stored in a bulk container, formed in bales, or placed in bags.
Certain variations in the preferred material can also be tolerated. Thus sawdust or wood shavings, if available, can be added to the straw/paper-based material mixture.
Thus a variant of the previously described alternative material could be 40O/o straw 40 /O sawdust or wood shavings
20% paper-based material.
These percentages are by weight. However a wide variety of ratios of the three materials may be useable, the constant factor being the presence of the paper-based material.
It will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
For example, the hammer mill could be replaced by other shredding, grinding or milling apparatus, for example a tub grinder, such as a type 880 manufactured by Farm hand Corporation of Hopkins,
Minnesota, U.S.A. which is similar to a hammer mill in that it forces the material to be ground or shredded through a cylindrical screen of appropriate mesh size, for example 2" mesh for either type of apparatus. However, the use of a hammer mill has been found, in practice, to be more preferable, since its flailing or hammering action tends to pulverise or break down the material into smaller cross-section shreds ofthe required lengths, resulting in a litter end product which is more open in texture, i.e. more fibrous and stringy, and less dense in character, than that produced by a tub grinder.
Whilst an effective maximum length of 30 mm. for the shredded paper-based material and straw has been found appropriate for poultry litter, for larger livestock such as horses or cattle, this maximum length may advantageously be increased, for exam ple to 50 mm. or more, to produce a more open and springy texture, i.e. a less dense, litter.
Whilst preferable ranges or percentages by weight of the two materials have been specified herein, these ranges may be extended, for example to approximately 95% to 5% straw and approximately 5% to 95% paper-based material.
Claims (13)
1. A litter or bedding material, comprising the combination of milled straw, a shredded paperbased material and an agentforinhibiting mould growth in the litter or bedding material.
2. A litter or bedding material comprising the combination of milled straw and a shredded paperbased material, the percentages by weight ofthe two materials being approximately 67-33% straw to 33-67% paper-based material.
3. A litter or bedding material as claimed in claim 2, and including an agent for inhibiting mould growth in the litter or bedding material.
4. A litter or bedding material as claimed in claim 1 or 3, in which the inhibiting agent is diluted propionic acid.
5. A litter or bedding material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the paperbased material is so shredded that effectively the largest piece thereof after treatment is not larger than 50x15mm.
6. A litter or bedding material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the straw has effectively no pieces longer than 50 mm.
7. A litter or bedding material as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the length of the paper-based material and/or straw does not effectively exceed 30 mm.
8. A litter or bedding material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, and modified in that a portion of the paper-based material is replaced by saw-dustorwood shavings.
9. A litter or bedding material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the portion of sawdust or wood shavings does not exceed 40% by weight of the litter or bedding material.
10. Litter or bedding materials substantially as hereinbefore described.
11. A method of manufacturing bedding or litter material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, comprising feeding appropriate quantities of straw, paper-based material and if desired wood shavings or sawdust into milling apparatus so that the mixture of materials is shredded, and spraying the shredded mixture of materials with an agent for inhibiting mould growth in the litter.
12. A method as claimed in claim 11, which includes shredding the mixture of materials in a hammer mill.
13. The methods of manufacturing litter or bedding materials substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8026010A GB2057844B (en) | 1979-08-08 | 1980-08-08 | Litter or bedding for animals |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7927583 | 1979-08-08 | ||
| GB8026010A GB2057844B (en) | 1979-08-08 | 1980-08-08 | Litter or bedding for animals |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2057844A true GB2057844A (en) | 1981-04-08 |
| GB2057844B GB2057844B (en) | 1983-04-13 |
Family
ID=26272469
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8026010A Expired GB2057844B (en) | 1979-08-08 | 1980-08-08 | Litter or bedding for animals |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2057844B (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2505608A1 (en) * | 1981-05-14 | 1982-11-19 | Whitehead Gareth | Aseptic bedding material for poultry - is formed from shreds of non-toxic paper, e.g. newspaper |
| WO1982003966A1 (en) * | 1981-05-14 | 1982-11-25 | Thomas Henry Gardner | Animal bedding and animal husbandry |
| WO1983004048A1 (en) * | 1982-05-08 | 1983-11-24 | Thomas Henry Gardner | Production of synthetic solid fuel |
| GB2154116A (en) * | 1984-02-14 | 1985-09-04 | Edward Samuel Gwyllum Pearce | Animal bedding |
| EP0310016A2 (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1989-04-05 | Süd-Chemie Ag | Litter for small animals |
| EP0312661A1 (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1989-04-26 | Australian Cellulose Industries Pty. Ltd. | Particulate sterile material |
| GB2254769A (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1992-10-21 | Donald Henry * Wall | Animal bedding materials |
| GB2261586A (en) * | 1991-10-10 | 1993-05-26 | James Stewart Crotty | Animal bedding or litter |
| EP0579548A1 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1994-01-19 | Durepaire, Jacques | Litter for animals |
| ITUD20090186A1 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-04-21 | S I T T A S R L | PROCEDURE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BALES MATERIAL FOR ANIMAL BEDDING AND BALES MATERIALS OBTAINED |
-
1980
- 1980-08-08 GB GB8026010A patent/GB2057844B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1982003966A1 (en) * | 1981-05-14 | 1982-11-25 | Thomas Henry Gardner | Animal bedding and animal husbandry |
| FR2505608A1 (en) * | 1981-05-14 | 1982-11-19 | Whitehead Gareth | Aseptic bedding material for poultry - is formed from shreds of non-toxic paper, e.g. newspaper |
| WO1983004048A1 (en) * | 1982-05-08 | 1983-11-24 | Thomas Henry Gardner | Production of synthetic solid fuel |
| GB2154116A (en) * | 1984-02-14 | 1985-09-04 | Edward Samuel Gwyllum Pearce | Animal bedding |
| EP0312661A1 (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1989-04-26 | Australian Cellulose Industries Pty. Ltd. | Particulate sterile material |
| EP0310016A3 (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1989-05-17 | Pirotte Futtermittel Vertriebs-Gmbh | Litter for small animals |
| EP0310016A2 (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1989-04-05 | Süd-Chemie Ag | Litter for small animals |
| GB2254769A (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1992-10-21 | Donald Henry * Wall | Animal bedding materials |
| GB2254769B (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1994-10-26 | Donald Henry Wall | Animal bedding materials |
| GB2261586A (en) * | 1991-10-10 | 1993-05-26 | James Stewart Crotty | Animal bedding or litter |
| GB2261586B (en) * | 1991-10-10 | 1995-09-20 | James Stewart Crotty | Animal bedding or litter |
| EP0579548A1 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1994-01-19 | Durepaire, Jacques | Litter for animals |
| FR2693626A1 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1994-01-21 | Durepaire Jacques | Litter for farm animals. |
| ITUD20090186A1 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-04-21 | S I T T A S R L | PROCEDURE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BALES MATERIAL FOR ANIMAL BEDDING AND BALES MATERIALS OBTAINED |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2057844B (en) | 1983-04-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |