GB2054004A - Reducing heat-transfer through opaque walls - Google Patents

Reducing heat-transfer through opaque walls Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2054004A
GB2054004A GB8007917A GB8007917A GB2054004A GB 2054004 A GB2054004 A GB 2054004A GB 8007917 A GB8007917 A GB 8007917A GB 8007917 A GB8007917 A GB 8007917A GB 2054004 A GB2054004 A GB 2054004A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
wall
enclosure
coating
sheet
enclosure according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB8007917A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BFG Glassgroup GIE
Original Assignee
BFG Glassgroup GIE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BFG Glassgroup GIE filed Critical BFG Glassgroup GIE
Priority to GB8007917A priority Critical patent/GB2054004A/en
Publication of GB2054004A publication Critical patent/GB2054004A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E04B1/7612—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels in combination with an air space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/003—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/66—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of facade constructions, e.g. wall constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/80—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for controlling collection or absorption of solar radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

An enclosure directly exposed to climatic conditions is bounded by wall(s) 1 at least a portion of whose area is opaque. At least a portion of wall 1 is faced on its exterior with a vitreous sheet 2 bearing a surface coating 3 which reflects infra-red radiation of wavelengths > 5 mu m. Coating 3 preferably faces outwards. Sheet 2 may be adhered to the wall 1 by a radiation-absorbing glue layer 6. Fluid circulation pipes 12 may be incorporated in the wall 1. A sheet 7 of glazing material preferably defines a space 5 closed from the external atmosphere. Alternatively, the sheet 2 may be held apart from the wall 1 to define such a space 5. The coating may be doped SnO2 or I2O3, e.g. 1100-20000 ANGSTROM thick. A reflective roller-blind 10, under the eaves, may be lowered to reduce I-R radiation to or from wall 1. A high thermal capacity or latent-heat energy store 14 may be present in a container 13. Wall 1 may be coated with a radiation-absorbing material. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Improvements in enclosures having opaque walls This invention relates to an enclosure of a kind which in use is directly exposed to climatic conditions and is bounded by one or more walls at least a portion of the area of which is opaque to light radiation.
Such an enclosure may for example be constituted as a dwelling or workplace.
The invention is primarily concerned with heat loss from enclosures of the kind referred to. The insulation of modern houses by forming cavities in their external walls between two courses of brick or stone is of course well known, and it is also known to fill such cavities with foamed insulating material.
But such a method of insulation must be allowed for at design stage of the buildings. It is not applicable in cases where the building was originally erected with no wall cavities.
The present invention aims to provide a novel way of providing insulation to an enclosure of the kind referred to which is quite independent of the construction of the walls.
According to the present invention, there is provided an enclosure of a kind which in use is directly exposed to climatic conditions and is bounded by one or more walls at least a portion of the area of which is opaque to light radiation characterised in that at least a portion of the opaque wall area is faced on its exterior with a vitreous sheet bearing a surface coating adapted to increase the reflectivity of the coated area in respect of infra-red radiation having wavelengths greater than 5 ,um.
The invention affords the important advantage of reducing heat transfer from the thus faced wall area of the enclosure.
Considering an enclosure, heat loss from it can take place by radiation from the walls and by conduction through them combined with heating and convection of the atmosphere in contact with its exterior side. This latter mode, conduction and convection, varies substantially simply according to the temperature difference between the interior of the enclosure and the atmosphere which is in contact with the exterior of the walls, and also according to the wind speed. It has been found that the sky may for the purpose of radiation heat loss be considered as having an apparent temperature of between 50C and 250C lower than the temperature of the ambient atmosphere, depending upon weather conditions.
Thus heat exchange by radiation between an enclosure at a given temperature and its environment, especially towards the sky, can reach quite significant amounts. By way of example, at a latitude of 51 degrees, energy loss by radiation towards the sky can be of the order of 150 watts/m2 day and night.
Under some conditions, such as when the air is very dry and the sky clear, the energy loss can reach 250 watts/m2. In fact, in very approximate terms, 2/3 of the heat loss takes place by radiation, and the remainder by conduction and convection. By employing an infra-red reflecting coating on the vitreous facing for the opaque wall area or areas it is possible to reduce the radiation loss to a considerable degree. Merely by applying a coating to increase the infra-red radiation reflectivity of the light transmitting vitreous facing sheet, it is possible to arrive at a situation where only 1/3 of the total heat loss will take place by radiation.
The majority of the energy which would otherwise be radiated by the enclosure has a wavelength greater than 5 ,tom, and it is accordingly particularly valuable to select a coating which is effective at these wavelengths. Preferably, the reflectivity of the coating in that wavelength range is at least 0.5.
Preferably, said coating in on that surface of the sheet which is directed towards the exterior of the enclosure. In this way, of the incident energy absorbed by the coated sheet, more will be re-radiated towards the interior of the enclosure.
Preferably, such wall area is faced with two light transmitting sheets, either or both of which bears a said surface coating, the sheets being held in spaced facing relation to define an inter-sheet space which is substantially closed from the atmosphere which is external of the enclosure. This provides a body of air between the two sheets which can be warmed by incident solar radiation and thus act as a further heat loss reducing barrier for the enclosure.
Advantageously, said coating sheet is held in spaced relation from the wall to define a space which is substantially closed from the atmosphere which is external of the enclosure. This provides a body of air between the sheet and the wall which can also be warmed by incident solar radiation, and in general the air body will be warmer when it is located between the coated sheet and the wall than it would be when located between an uncoated sheet and the wall.
Indeed, the air in the space between the two sheets or between the coated sheet and the wall can be warmed to such an extent that it can usefully be used to augment a space heating system for the enclosure, and it is accordingly preferred that the space is in communication with a ventilation system for the enclosure.
Preferably, the or a said vitreous sheet is glued directly to the wall. This is a fairly inexpensive way of fixing that sheet in position.
Advantageously, such wall area is coated with a material which enhances its energy absorbing characteristics so that additional solar radiant energy is absorbed, and this in turn will augment heat absorption by enclosures of the kind referred to.
Preferably, said coating comprises a metal, a semiconductor or an oxide. Such coatings can be applied in known manner.
Advantageously, said coating comprises indium oxide and/or tin oxide. Tin oxide is especially preferred because it can form a hard, chemically and mechanically durable coating which allows it to be placed in direct contact with the atmosphere without taking any special precautions. Preferably, such an oxide coating is doped with ions of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chlorine, fluorine and/or tellurium, since this will increase its efficacy.
Preferably, said coating has a thickness of less than 2 ,ltm so as to allow visible light transmission.
A said oxide coating preferably has a thickness of between 1200 A and 12000 A.
Advantageously, there is provided a screen, preferably a radiation reflecting screen, which is movable across such wall area. By making use of such a screen, for example at night, radiation heat loss can be further reduced. Furthermore, the screen can be used during the summer to protect the wall against absorbing too much solar-radiation.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which: Figures 1 to 6 are detail cross-sectional views of various embodiments of the invention selected by way of example.
In Figure 1, there is shown an opaque wall 1, e.g. of stone, brick or concrete, which is faced with a glass sheet 2 which bears a coating 3 adapted preferentially to reflect infra-red radiation having wavelengths greater than 5 ,elm. The coating 3 is directed towards the wall 1 whose outer surface bears an optional coating 4 adapted to increase the radiation absorption characteristics of the wall. The glass sheet 2 is held apart from the wall 1 by suitable spacing means to define a space 5 which is substantially closed from the external atmosphere. The reflective coating 3 acts to reflect infra-red radiation emitted by the wall 1 so that the wall 1 and air space 5 remain warmer than they would in the absence of such a coating.If desired, the air space 5 may be in communication with a ventilation or hot air heating system for an enclosure of which the wall is illustrated.
Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment in which a glass sheet 2 bearing an infra-red reflecting coating 3 is glued directly to a wall 1 by means of a layer 6 of adhesive material. Of course in some cases there may be a direct bond between a suitable building material such as concrete and the glass sheet 2, so that the adhesive layer 6 is dispensed with. The coating 3 is directed away from the wall 1 to reduce the infra-red emissivity of the whole structure constituted by the wall 1 and glass facing sheet 2. The adhesive material of the layer 6 may be and preferably is of dark colour so as to increase the energy absorbing characteristics of the wall 1.
Figure 3 shows an embodiment which is similar to that shown in Figure 1 save that the infra-red reflecting coating 3 is located on that surface of the glass sheet 2 which is directed away from the wall 1. As compared with the Figure 1 embodiment, this embodiment has the advantage of also reducing the infra-red emissivity of the glass sheet 3 so that that sheet will remain warmer than in the arrangement of Figure 1. Again, an optional radiation absorbing layer 4 is shown, as is a substantially closed air space 5.
Figure 4 illustrates a modification to the embodiment of Figure 2. This modification consists simply in the addition of a second glass sheet 7 held apart from the first glass sheet 2 by suitable spacing means to define an air space 5 substantially closed from the atmosphere which is external of the enclosure. In a modification of this embodiment, there is a said reflecting coating such as a coating 3 on the inwardly directed face of the outwardly directed face of the second glass sheet 7. When such a coated second sheet is present, the coating 3 on the first sheet 2 may be omitted. In a modification of the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the glass sheet 7 is replaced by a double glazing panel. The air space 5 may be of any desired or convenient size and shape, and indeed it may be of such a size as to serve as a conservatory.
Figure 5 illustrates the upper part of a wall 1 of an enclosure to which a glass sheet 2 bearing an outwardly directed infra-red reflecting-coating 3 is held in spaced relation by a mounting block 8. A holder 9 for a screen 10 or roller-blind type is mounted in the eaves beneath a roof 11 of the enclosure.
The screen 10 is preferably adapted to reflect radiation, and may be opaque. Such a screen may be formed of woven fibres, whether natural or synthetic, for example cotton, glass, acrylic or methacrylic resin or polyester fibres or it may be of film material for example a film of a polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene. The screen is preferably metallised, e.g. aluminised so as to increase its reflectivity. The screen can be drawn down at night so as to further reduce the infra-red radiation emitted from the wall 1 of the enclosure, or indeed to prevent overheating on hot sunny days.
In a variant of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 5, a layer of radiation absorbing material (compare layer 4 of Figures 1 and 3) is applied to the outer surface of the wall 1. This layer may be constituted by a dark coloured paint.
In a further variant, a further glazing panel (not shown) is fixed to the wall 1 on the outerside of the screen 10. This further glazing panel may for example be a double glazing panel.
Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment in which a glass sheet 2 bearing an infra-red reflecting coating 3 is glued by an adhesive layer 6 to a container 13 fixed to the wall 1. The container 13 is filled with a material 14 which undergoes a reversible change of state accompanied by the evolution or absorption of heat energy at a predetermined temperature. The temperature may for example be in the range 1 50C.
to 250C. and the change of state involved may be a melting or a freezing of the material. In use, such material 14 tends to stabilise the temperature of the wall 1 against which its container 13 is mounted.
For example as the container warms up during the day, the temperature stabilising material 14 will begin to melt, and the temperature of the wall 1 will not rise above the melting point of the temperature stabilising material 14 until that has all melted. Conversely at night, as the container cools, the temperature of the wall 1 will not sink below the freezing point of the temperature stabilising material 14 until that material has substantially completely frozen. In alternative embodiments, the container 1 3 is filled with a material of fairly high specific heat capacity, e.g. water so that it acts as a heat sink to slow down changes in the temperature of the wall 1.
An optional double glazing panel 1-5 is mounted spaced from the coated glass sheet 2 to provide, in effect, two air spaces such as the air spaces 5 of Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5.
In a modification of any of the illustrated embodiments, pipes 12 as shown in Figure 4 are provided for the circulation of fluid within the wall 1. Such pipes can allow transfer of heat from the wall 1 to fluid e.g. water flowing in the pipes 12, so as to give economies in a water heating system.
There now follow various examples of specific coatings 3 which may be applied to any of the glass sheets shown in the drawings.
Coating Doping Visible light Infra-red material agent Thickness transmission reflectivity SnO2 Sb 4000A over 80% 0.7 II SnO2 F 3500A over 80% 0.15 III SnO2 Sb 1 100A over 80% 0.5 IV SnO2 Sb 5000A over 80% 0.8+ V In203 CI 2000A 85% 0.9

Claims (14)

1. An enclosure of a kind which in use is directly exposed to climatic conditions and is bounded by one or more walls at least a portion of the area of which is opaque to light radiation characterised in that at least a portion of the opaque wall area is faced on its exterior with a vitreous sheet bearing a surface coating adapted to increase the reflectivity of the coated area in respect of infra-red radiation having wavelengths greater than 5 ym.
2. An enclosure according to claim 1 , characterised in that said coating is on that surface of the sheet directed towards the exterior of the enclosure.
3. An enclosure according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that such wall area is faced with two light transmitting sheets either or both of which bears a said surface coating, the sheets being held in spaced facing relation to define an inter-sheet space which is substantially closed from the atmosphere which is external of the enclosure.
4. An enclosure according to any preceding claim, characterised in that said coated sheet is held in spaced relation from the wall to define a space which is substantially closed from the atmosphere which is external of the enclosure.
5. An enclosure according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the space is in communication with a ventilation system for the enclosure.
6. An enclosure according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the or a said vitreous sheet is glued directly to the wall.
7. An enclosure according to any preceding claim, characterised in that such wall area is coated with a material which enhances its energy absorbing characteristics.
8. An enclosure according to any preceding claim, characterised in that said coating comprises indium oxide and/or tin oxide.
9. An enclosure according to claim 8, characterised in that said coating is doped with ions of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chlorine, fluorine and/or tellurium.
10. An enclosure according to any preceding claim, characterised in that said coating has a thickness of iess than 2 ,gum.
1 An enclosure according to claim 8 or 9 and claim 10, characterised in that said coating has a thickness of between 1200 A and 12000 A.
12. An enclosure according to any preceding claim, characterised in that there is provided a screen which is movable across such wall area.
13. An enclosure according to claim 12, characterised in that said screen is a radiation reflecting screen.
14. An enclosure substantially as herein described with reference to any of the accompanying drawings.
GB8007917A 1979-03-12 1980-03-07 Reducing heat-transfer through opaque walls Withdrawn GB2054004A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8007917A GB2054004A (en) 1979-03-12 1980-03-07 Reducing heat-transfer through opaque walls

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7908613 1979-03-12
GB8007917A GB2054004A (en) 1979-03-12 1980-03-07 Reducing heat-transfer through opaque walls

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GB2054004A true GB2054004A (en) 1981-02-11

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0052569A1 (en) * 1980-11-19 1982-05-26 Angelo Pedone Sheet-like product with unidirectional transverse thermal conductivity, and its applications
WO1982003100A1 (en) * 1981-03-09 1982-09-16 Heikki Tapio Teittinen Wall construction arrangement for the utilization of solar energy in the heating of buildings
FR2519669A1 (en) * 1981-09-17 1983-07-18 Olivet Nicole Modular panel for heating of building - comprises wooden frame housing solar collector with insulation etc.
GB2125081A (en) * 1982-07-26 1984-02-29 Francis Xavier Kay Thermal insulation of buildings
EP0121800A1 (en) * 1983-03-14 1984-10-17 Volksbank Remscheid eG Solar collector with a layer fixed on the outer side
EP0123091A1 (en) * 1983-03-14 1984-10-31 Volksbank Remscheid eG Wall for the absorption of sun rays
FR2563257A2 (en) * 1981-04-24 1985-10-25 Roy Contancin Adjustable isothermal convector/condenser wall
FR2565335A1 (en) * 1984-05-30 1985-12-06 Stanford Res Inst Int Solar collector made of fibrous concrete
FR2657419A1 (en) * 1990-01-25 1991-07-26 Belpaume Charles Solar heating system for rooms, in particular for dwellings
FR2671171A1 (en) * 1991-01-02 1992-07-03 Belpaume Charles Solar heating system for buildings, especially residential buildings
WO1995010741A1 (en) * 1993-10-13 1995-04-20 Norsk Hydro A.S. Outer wall structure for buildings, in particular wainscot panel for the breastwork area of a building wall
EP0652827A1 (en) * 1992-07-28 1995-05-17 CHAHROUDI, Day Light admitting thermal insulating structure
EP0692686A2 (en) * 1994-07-12 1996-01-17 Norsk Hydro A/S Double wall façade
WO1996018858A1 (en) * 1994-12-10 1996-06-20 Gerd Hugo Thermal covering with passive solar energy use
EP0736736A2 (en) 1995-04-08 1996-10-09 NORSK HYDRO a.s. Outer wall construction for a building, more particularly wall panel for a building
WO2004001148A1 (en) * 2002-06-19 2003-12-31 Urbigkeit, Stefan Wall construction and component for the same
EP1538402A1 (en) * 2003-12-04 2005-06-08 British Robertson, S.L.U. Solar collector integrated in a facade
FR2983884A1 (en) * 2011-12-13 2013-06-14 Andre Crahay THERMAL INSULATION AND CONTROL DEVICE

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0052569A1 (en) * 1980-11-19 1982-05-26 Angelo Pedone Sheet-like product with unidirectional transverse thermal conductivity, and its applications
WO1982003100A1 (en) * 1981-03-09 1982-09-16 Heikki Tapio Teittinen Wall construction arrangement for the utilization of solar energy in the heating of buildings
FR2563257A2 (en) * 1981-04-24 1985-10-25 Roy Contancin Adjustable isothermal convector/condenser wall
FR2519669A1 (en) * 1981-09-17 1983-07-18 Olivet Nicole Modular panel for heating of building - comprises wooden frame housing solar collector with insulation etc.
GB2125081A (en) * 1982-07-26 1984-02-29 Francis Xavier Kay Thermal insulation of buildings
EP0121800A1 (en) * 1983-03-14 1984-10-17 Volksbank Remscheid eG Solar collector with a layer fixed on the outer side
EP0123091A1 (en) * 1983-03-14 1984-10-31 Volksbank Remscheid eG Wall for the absorption of sun rays
FR2565335A1 (en) * 1984-05-30 1985-12-06 Stanford Res Inst Int Solar collector made of fibrous concrete
FR2657419A1 (en) * 1990-01-25 1991-07-26 Belpaume Charles Solar heating system for rooms, in particular for dwellings
FR2671171A1 (en) * 1991-01-02 1992-07-03 Belpaume Charles Solar heating system for buildings, especially residential buildings
EP0652827A1 (en) * 1992-07-28 1995-05-17 CHAHROUDI, Day Light admitting thermal insulating structure
EP0652827A4 (en) * 1992-07-28 1996-06-12 Day Chahroudi Light admitting thermal insulating structure.
WO1995010741A1 (en) * 1993-10-13 1995-04-20 Norsk Hydro A.S. Outer wall structure for buildings, in particular wainscot panel for the breastwork area of a building wall
WO1995010740A1 (en) * 1993-10-13 1995-04-20 Norsk Hydro A.S. Outer wall element for buildings, in particular wainscot panel for the breastwork area of the wall of a building
EP0692686A2 (en) * 1994-07-12 1996-01-17 Norsk Hydro A/S Double wall façade
EP0692686A3 (en) * 1994-07-12 1996-07-10 Norsk Hydro As Double wall façade
WO1996018858A1 (en) * 1994-12-10 1996-06-20 Gerd Hugo Thermal covering with passive solar energy use
EP0736736A2 (en) 1995-04-08 1996-10-09 NORSK HYDRO a.s. Outer wall construction for a building, more particularly wall panel for a building
WO2004001148A1 (en) * 2002-06-19 2003-12-31 Urbigkeit, Stefan Wall construction and component for the same
US8806824B2 (en) 2002-06-19 2014-08-19 Christoph Schwan Wall construction and component for the same
EP1538402A1 (en) * 2003-12-04 2005-06-08 British Robertson, S.L.U. Solar collector integrated in a facade
FR2983884A1 (en) * 2011-12-13 2013-06-14 Andre Crahay THERMAL INSULATION AND CONTROL DEVICE
WO2013087664A1 (en) * 2011-12-13 2013-06-20 Crahay Andre Device for thermal insulation and temperature control

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