GB2052156A - Capacitors - Google Patents
Capacitors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2052156A GB2052156A GB7923532A GB7923532A GB2052156A GB 2052156 A GB2052156 A GB 2052156A GB 7923532 A GB7923532 A GB 7923532A GB 7923532 A GB7923532 A GB 7923532A GB 2052156 A GB2052156 A GB 2052156A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- capacitor
- porous
- solid dielectric
- electrically insulating
- insulating liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004803 Di-2ethylhexylphthalate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 10
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- JTPNRXUCIXHOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloronaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(Cl)=CC=CC2=C1 JTPNRXUCIXHOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydrostilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUYHQGMDSZOPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trichlorobiphenyl Chemical group ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 IUYHQGMDSZOPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBUYFICWQNHBCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Ethyl-o-xylene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 SBUYFICWQNHBCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004950 naphthalene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/20—Dielectrics using combinations of dielectrics from more than one of groups H01G4/02 - H01G4/06
- H01G4/22—Dielectrics using combinations of dielectrics from more than one of groups H01G4/02 - H01G4/06 impregnated
- H01G4/221—Dielectrics using combinations of dielectrics from more than one of groups H01G4/02 - H01G4/06 impregnated characterised by the composition of the impregnant
- H01G4/222—Dielectrics using combinations of dielectrics from more than one of groups H01G4/02 - H01G4/06 impregnated characterised by the composition of the impregnant halogenated
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
Abstract
In a capacitor, porous and/or absorbent solid dielectric (especially polypropylene) is impregnated with an insulating liquid comprising a monochloronaphthalene, which may have one (or more) alkyl substituent with up to nine carbon atoms. The liquid may include other components, especially di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate or an aromatic compound with two or more benzene rings in the molecule.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Capacitors
This invention relates to capacitors (sometimes called electric condensers) of the kind having electrodes, which may be of metal foil or metal coatings, separated by a porous and/or absorbent solid dielectric impregnated with an electrically insulating liquid.
Chlorinated diphenyls (also called chlorinated biphenylst have been widely used as impregnant owing to their high permittivity and excellent physical and electrical properties, but this use has become less acceptable as the toxicity of the materials and their persistence in the environment has been more fully appreciated.
The capacitors of the present invention are distinguished by an impregnating liquid comprising a substituted naphthalene incorporating one and only one chlorine atom, and optionally one or more than one alkyl group of up to nine carbon atoms.
Monochloronaphthalene, without alkyl substituents, has the advantage of being available as a byproduct from the manufacture of poly-chlorinated naphthalene waxes, and is therefore relatively inexpensive; but on the other hand monoalkyl monochloronaphthalenes (especially those with 2-9 carbon atoms in the alkyl group) have better low-temperature properties and better biodegradability, and are therefore preferred when cost is not a major consideration. Monochloronaphthalenes with more than one alkyl group are also useful.
The substituted naphthalenes described may be mixed. with other environmentally acceptable insulating liquids. Aromatic substances, especially aromatic esters, are preferred. Of special interest are mixtures with di-2-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (commonly but loosely known as dioctylphthalate) as the addition of this material enhances low-temperature properties with a higher permittivity than would have been expected. Also of special interest are substances with two or more benzene rings in the molecule, because they usually have superior gas absorption characteristics and in many cases impart low viscosity to the mixture, giving easier impregnation.Other impregnants that can be used in mixtures (singly or in combination) include: Monoisoprnpyl biphenyl
Diaryl alkanes, for example 1 -(3,4 dimethylphenyl) ethane and 1,2 diphenylethane
Diphenyl ether (also called diphenyl oxide)
Alkylated naplithalenes (without chlorine atoms) and Trich lorobenzene.
The preferred solid dielectric material for use in the capacitors of the invention is polypropylene film, but many other plastics films and cellulosic synthetic papers can be used singly or in combination.
The following table 5 gives examples (1-5) of impregnants for capacitors in accordance with the invention and three known impregnants (examples A-C) for comparison: TABLE
Comparison Examples Examples 1 2 3 4 5 A B C Composition: (% by weight) monochloronaphthalene 100 50 54.5 54.6 57 - - di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate - 50 - - - 100 54.5 monoiso propyl diphenyl - - 45.6 - - - - 1-phenyl 1-(3,4 dimethyl phenyl) ethane - - - 45.4 - - - diphenyl ether - - - - 22.5 - - mixed alkylnaphthalenes - - - - 20.5 - - trichlorobenzene - - - - - - 45.5 commercial trichlorodiphenyl - - - - - - - 100 Physical properties viscosity at 20 C (cs) 3.3 13 4.4 4.3 4.2 70 17 65 pour point ( C) -10 -60 below below -60 -45 -52 -23 -60 -60 vapour pressure at 20 C (Torr) 3 x 10-2 2 x 10-2 3 x 10-2 3 x 10-2 below 10-1 10-4 10-5 absorption in polypropylene at 60 C (volume %) 4.1 5.0 ... ... 5.0 6.5 TABLE (Continued)
Comparison Examples Examples 1 2 3 4 5 A B C Electrical Properties of Liquid Gas absorption rate (microlitre/minute) at 40 C: 9 69 60 12 21 5.2 10 at 80 C: 377 94 46 33 50 3.5 11 4.6 Permittivity at 20 C, 50 Hz 5.0 5.2 3.8 3.8 4.1 5.3 5.5 6.0 Electrical Discharge Properties of Capacitor* Discharge inception voltage # 20 C 3.15 2.7 2.6 -45% C 2.0 1.9 Discharge extinction voltage # 20 C 2.6 2.2 2.1 -45 C 0.9 0.8 (# all at 200 pC) sensitivity, in kV) *These refer to discharge characteristics of polypropylene film/paper composite dielectric (2 layers of 12.7 micrometre polypropylene film plus 1 layer of 10 micrometre paper) capacitor windings, impregnated with the liquid in question.
The impregnants used in the present invention, though toxic, are much less so than the polychiorinated diphenyls they replace and are much more biodegradable.
They are especially useful for fluorescent lighting and small power capacitors (e.g. for use with capacitance-start electric motors).
Claims (9)
1. A capacitor having electrodes separated by a porous and/or absorbent solid dielectric impregnated with an electrically insulating liquid comprising a substituted naphthalene incorporating one and only one chlorine atom.
2. A capacitor having electrodes separated by a porous and/or absorbent solid dielectric impregnated with an electrically insulating liquid comprising a substituted naphthalene incorporating one and only one chlorine atom and one or more than one alkyl group of up to nine carbon atoms.
3. A capacitor having electrodes separated by a porous and/or absorbent solid dielectric impregnated with an electrically insulating liquid comprising a substituted naphthalene incorporating one and only one chlorine atom and one and only one alkyl group of up to nine carbon atoms.
4. A capacitor having electrodes separated by a porous and/or absorbent solid dielectric impregnated with an electrically insulating liquid comprising (i) a substituted naphthalene incorporating one and only one chlorine atom and (ii) di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate.
5. A capacitor having electrodes separated by a porous and/or absorbent solid dielectric impregnated with an electrically insulating liquid comprising (i) a substituted naphthalene incorporating one and only one chlorine atom and one or more than one alkyl group of up to nine carbon atoms and (ii) di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate.
6. A capacitor having electrodes separated by a porous and/or absorbent solid dielectric impregnated with an electrically insulating liquid comprising (i) a subsrituted naphthalene incorporating one and only one chlorine atom and one and only one alkyl group of up to nine carbon atoms and (ii) di2-ethyl hexyl phthalate.
7. A capacitor having electrodes separated by a porous and/or absorbent solid dielectric impregnated with an electrically insulating liquid comprising (i) a substituted naphthalene incorporating one and only one chlorine atom and one or more than one alkyl group of up to nine carbon atoms and an aromatic substance with two or more benzene rings in the molecule.
8. A capacitor having electrodes separated by a porous and/or absorbent solid dielectric impyegnated with an electrically insulating liquid comprising (i) substituted naphthalene incorporating one and only one chlorine atom and one and only one alkyl group of up to nine carbon atoms and an aromatic substance with two or more benzene rings in the molecule.
9. A capacitor having electrodes separated by a porous and/or absorbent solid dielectric impregnated with an electrically insulating liquid substantially as defined in any one of Examples 1-5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7923532A GB2052156A (en) | 1979-07-05 | 1979-07-05 | Capacitors |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7923532A GB2052156A (en) | 1979-07-05 | 1979-07-05 | Capacitors |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2052156A true GB2052156A (en) | 1981-01-21 |
Family
ID=10506325
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7923532A Withdrawn GB2052156A (en) | 1979-07-05 | 1979-07-05 | Capacitors |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2052156A (en) |
-
1979
- 1979-07-05 GB GB7923532A patent/GB2052156A/en not_active Withdrawn
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |