GB2051959A - Pressure Rupturable Safety Device and Vacuum Support for use Therein - Google Patents
Pressure Rupturable Safety Device and Vacuum Support for use Therein Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2051959A GB2051959A GB8019495A GB8019495A GB2051959A GB 2051959 A GB2051959 A GB 2051959A GB 8019495 A GB8019495 A GB 8019495A GB 8019495 A GB8019495 A GB 8019495A GB 2051959 A GB2051959 A GB 2051959A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- disc
- graphite
- safety device
- support means
- rupturable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
- F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
- F16K17/14—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member
- F16K17/16—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member with fracturing diaphragm ; Rupture discs
- F16K17/1633—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member with fracturing diaphragm ; Rupture discs made of graphite
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Safety Valves (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
A vacuum support for use in supporting a rupturable graphite safety disc 2 against flexing when subject to sub-atmospheric pressure on one side thereon, which does not prevent the obtention of maximum free outflow cross-section when the disc is subject to a bursting pressure and can be used thereafter is constituted by a disc 5 made up of a plurality of concentric graphite rings each made up of at least two parts and having a prismatic cross-section, the margins of the cross-section of the rings which lie on prism surfaces being inclined downwards the disc axis at the face thereof which, in use thereof, may be subject to a pressure sufficient to cause rupture of the rupturable graphite disc. Because the separate parts of the vacuum support disc are keyed to one another, when the pressure to which they are subject is smaller than the outside pressure, the disc does not collapse and when the pressure increases, the separate parts are forced against the rupturable graphite disc so as to be forced out of the holder therefor concomitantly with rupture of the safety device thereby to free the entire available cross-section. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Pressure Rupturable Safety Device and
Vacuum Support for Use Therein
This invention relates to a pressure rupturable safety device formed of graphite for achieving pressure relief in closed chambers, and to a vacuum support for use therewith.
Closed chambers, for example as in chemical apparatus may be protected against a spontaneous rise in pressure therein by use of rupturable safety devices or bursting discs which rupture when subject to a pressure in excess of the pressure permissibie for the container or apparatus and enable pressure equalisation to be achieved between the interior and exterior of the chamber in a very short time. One material which is particularly suitable for use in the construction of rupturable safety devices is graphite, which has excellent resistance to corrosion and excellent fatigue strength, these characteristics being independent of the temperature to which the chemical apparatus is likely to be raised.An additional advantage of rupturable safety devices formed of graphite is that the brittle fracture which occurs frees the entire cross-section of, for example, a pipe or tube to be opened up, suddenly and without any delays. Shou-ld the side of the safety device facing into the chamber be subject permanently or at least temporarily to a reduced pressure, which may be a vacuum, it is necessary or expedient to use a special vacuum support which bears against that surface of the rupturable safety device which is facing into the chamber and prevents the flexing thereof in the direction of the container. Vacuum supports may consist of graphite discs which are formed with a plurality of parallel passages therethrough. The vacuum supports are generally clamped in such a way that they are not destroyed when the bursting disc responds to an excessive pressure rise and can be used again.Whilst such a constructional form of vacuum support saves material in the long run, it has the disadvantage of reducing both the free outflow cross-section and the outflow factor a, defined as the ratio between the effective outflow cross-section and the flow in an equivalent but smooth walled tube free from any obstruction, in the latter case, on average, by about 40%. This means that the cross-section of the rupturable safety device as compared with constructions without a vacuum support generally has to be increased. The alternative to this is to allow the simultaneous desctruction of vacuum support and rupturable safety device, but this is not satisfactory because of the great expense involved.
According to the present invention, there is provided a vacuum support means for supporting a rupturable disc made of graphite in a safety device for a closed chamber, which supporting means is constituted by a disc made up of a plurality of concentric graphite rings each made up of at least two segments and having a prismatic cross-section, the margins ofthe crosssections of the rings, which lie on prism surfaces being inclined towards the disc axis at the face thereof which, in use thereof, is subject to pressures within said chamber.
This invention also provides a rupturable safety device for achieving pressure relief in a closed chamber, which device comprise a graphite disc capable of rupture when subject to a predetermined pressure and, held there-against with its rings supporting each other against collapse when subject to a reduced pressure, a vacuum support means according to this invention. Such a safety device is preferably positioned between a pair of tubular members having end flanges by which the tubular members are clamped together with the safety device therebetween.
The graphite vacuum support disc according to this invention preferably comprises rings which are disposed in an upright arrangement. The angle of slope of the prism surfaces towards the plane of the end faces of the disc usually decreases with the distance of the surfaces from the central axis of the discs and the longitudinally extending prism surfaces intersect on the container side of the rupturable safety device. By constructing the support disc in accordance with the present invention, it does not matter, in fact, what conditions normally prevail on the container side thereof. Thus, if the container to be protected is operated normally with a reduced pressure, the individual rings of the discs are supported with respect to one another and, if the container is to be operated normally with an excess pressure, the rings are pressed against the rupturable safety device.When the permissible pressure is exceeded, the rings are forced, together with the rupturable disc out of the arrangernent they are held in and open up the entire available crosssection, so that the required relief of pressure is achieved in a very short time. In contrast to hitherto employed vacuum supports, the cost of manufacture of the graphite rings having simple shapes is small and the rings can probably be reused so that the desirable feature of large outflow cross-section can be achieved at reasonable cost.
The graphite rings of the support discs may be made from ground and graded coke fractions which are mixed with pyrolysable binder. The mixture is shaped by pressing, vibration or by other shaping methods and the shaped elements are heated to a temperature in the region of 1200K to effect carbonisation of the binder. The "fired" shaped elements are then graphitised by heating to a temperature around 3000K, preferably in an electric resistance furnace. The rings are then produced from the graphite bodies by, for example, sawing, turning or grinding.
As an alternative to this procedure, graphite support discs which show a particularly small variation in the relevant properties can be produced by a mass production procedure if the individual rings are built up from textile sheet formations consisting of carbon or graphite fibres, for example carbon fabrics stacked one above the other, the stack is impregnated, possibly under pressure, with coal tar pitch or a carbonisable synthetic resin and then subjected to the temperature treatment as described in the preceding paragraph. In this way, a composite
material is formed which contains carbon fibres as reinforcing elements in a graphite matrix. If necessary, the impregnation and temperature treatments can be repeated several times.
For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same can be carried into effect, reference will now be made by way of example only to the accompanying drawing which is a longitudinal section through a rupturable safety device comprising a vacuum support means according to this invention.
Referring to the drawing, the safety device comprises a rupturable disc 2 consisting of graphite and an annular holder 6, likewise consisting of graphite, for a supporting disc 5 which is made up of rings arranged one within the other and each comprising at least two segments.
The rings have a trapezoidal cross-section in which, apart from the innermost ring, the peripheral edges of faces facing towards a potential source of excess pressure are of smaller diameter than the corresponding edges of faces facing away therefrom. The innermost element of the disc 5 is a frustoconical element having a small bore passage therethrough. These components are all clamped together between a pair of flanges 1 and 1'. Fitted into a recess in the rupturable disc 2 is a pressure disc 3 which is movable in the direction of force applied in the direction of the arrow and a graphite foil which is impervious to gases is arranged between the rupturable disc 2and pressure disc 3 on the one side and the supporting disc 5 and holding ring 6 on the other side.
it was observed in control tests that a supporting disc formed of rings as aforesaid and positioned as shown in the drawing did not influence the response accuracy of the rupturable disc and did not delay the moment of rupture.
When rupture occurred the entire cross-section of the rupturable disc was always suddenly opened up.
Claims (9)
1. A vacuum support means for supporting a rupturable disc made of graphite in a safety device for a closed chamber, which support means is constituted by a disc made up of a plurality of concentric graphite rings each made up of at least two segments and having a prismatic cross-section, the margins of the crosssections of the rings which lie on prism surfaces being inclined towards the disc axis at the face thereof which, in use thereof, is subject to pressure within said chamber.
2. A vacuum support means as claimed in claim 1, wherein said graphite rings are of trapezoidal cross-section In the radial direction, the rings having top and bottom surfaces which are parallel and at right angles to the axis of the support means and radially displaced surfaces which are inclined in the same direction with the
Inner radial surface being inclined more steeply with respect to one of the top and bottom surfaces which is the surface of the support means subject to pressures within said chamber, in use, than the outer inclined surface.
3. A vacuum support means as claimed In claim 1 or 2, wherein said graphite rings comprise carbon fibre reinforcements.
4. A vacuum support means for supporting a rupturable disc made of graphite in a safety device for a closed chamber, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
5. A rupturable safety device for achieving pressure relief in a closed chamber, which device comprises a graphite disc capable of rupture when subject to a predetermined pressure and, held thereagainst with its rings supporting each other against collapse when subject to a reduced pressure, a vacuum support means as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
6. A safety device as claimed in claim 5, additionally comprising a graphite foil which is impervious to gases and disposed between the graphite disc and the vacuum support means.
7. A safety device as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein a recess formed in the graphite disc adjacent the vacuum support means houses a pressure disc intended to act, in use, on the rupturable graphite disc.
8. A safety device as claimed in any one of ciaims 5 to 7, which is positioned between a pair of tubular members having end flanges by which the tubular members are clamped together with the safety device therebetween.
9. A rupturable safety device, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as shown in the accompanying drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2924073A DE2924073A1 (en) | 1979-06-15 | 1979-06-15 | VACUUM SUPPORT FOR RESTORATION |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2051959A true GB2051959A (en) | 1981-01-21 |
| GB2051959B GB2051959B (en) | 1983-04-20 |
Family
ID=6073215
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8019495A Expired GB2051959B (en) | 1979-06-15 | 1980-06-13 | Pressure rupturable safety device and vacuum support for use therein |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2924073A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2459417A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2051959B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1132120B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4591520A (en) * | 1982-01-02 | 1986-05-27 | Imi Marston Limited | Pressure relief disc |
| WO2008094965A2 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2008-08-07 | Fike Corporation | Rupture disc assembly that withstands much higher back pressures than actuation pressure |
| US8091574B2 (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2012-01-10 | Elfab Limited | Bursting disc assembly |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3002335A1 (en) * | 1980-01-23 | 1981-07-30 | Grünzweig + Hartmann Montage GmbH, 6700 Ludwigshafen | THERMAL INSULATING LOCKING SYSTEM FOR PRESSURE RELEASE OPENINGS OF PARTITION WALLS, ESPECIALLY FOR CORE REACTOR BUILDINGS |
-
1979
- 1979-06-15 DE DE2924073A patent/DE2924073A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1980
- 1980-05-29 FR FR8011961A patent/FR2459417A1/en active Granted
- 1980-06-13 GB GB8019495A patent/GB2051959B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-13 IT IT22790/80A patent/IT1132120B/en active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4591520A (en) * | 1982-01-02 | 1986-05-27 | Imi Marston Limited | Pressure relief disc |
| US8091574B2 (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2012-01-10 | Elfab Limited | Bursting disc assembly |
| WO2008094965A2 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2008-08-07 | Fike Corporation | Rupture disc assembly that withstands much higher back pressures than actuation pressure |
| EP2129866A2 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2009-12-09 | Fike Corporation | Rupture disc assembly that withstands much higher back pressures than actuation pressure |
| EP2129866A4 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2012-10-03 | Fike Corp | Rupture disc assembly that withstands much higher back pressures than actuation pressure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2459417A1 (en) | 1981-01-09 |
| IT1132120B (en) | 1986-06-25 |
| GB2051959B (en) | 1983-04-20 |
| DE2924073A1 (en) | 1980-12-18 |
| FR2459417B3 (en) | 1982-02-26 |
| IT8022790A0 (en) | 1980-06-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |