GB2051859A - Ferritic stainless steel - Google Patents
Ferritic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2051859A GB2051859A GB8018826A GB8018826A GB2051859A GB 2051859 A GB2051859 A GB 2051859A GB 8018826 A GB8018826 A GB 8018826A GB 8018826 A GB8018826 A GB 8018826A GB 2051859 A GB2051859 A GB 2051859A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- steel according
- production
- run
- ferritic stainless
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 chromium carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0087—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for chains, for chain links
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
A ferritic stainless steel contains 0.03 to 0.06% carbon, 0 to 1.0% silicon, 0 to 1.0% manganese, 16 to 17.5% chromium, 0.8 to 1.0% nickel, the remainder iron. After cold working with a degree of deformation of 18 to 25% this steel has a minimum tensile strength of 750 N/mm<2> preferably 800 N/mm<2>, an 0.2 limit of over 600 N/mm<2> and a breaking elongation of at least 10% and is suitable for the production of articles resistant to intercrystalline corrosion in the welded state without subsequent heat treatment, especially slat band conveyor chains and roller chains.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Ferritic stainless steel
The invention relates to a ferritic stainless steel and its use for high-strength articles resistant to intercrystalline corrosion, especiaily slat band conveyor chains following straight or curved courses.
The German standard steel X 20 Cr 13 (material No. 1.4021) with 0.17 to 0.22% C, 12 to 14% Cr, up to 1.0% Si, up to 1.0% Mn, the remainder iron, needs quenching and tempering to achieve a tensile strength up to 1000 N/mm2. This steel, with a pearlitic-martensite structure, or similar steels have the disadvantage of poor elongation values and also poor weldability. Corrosion resistance is also inadequate.
The ferritic chromium steel, material No. 1.4016 (which has less carbon, and a higher chromium content of 1 6 to 1 8%) also does not meet the requirements of high strength and at the same time a high standard of elongation and toughness in the cold-worked state. In particular, with relatively high degrees of deformation of 10 to 30% there is a steep drop in elongation and toughness. Also, this material is only weldable to a limited extent.
The pearlitic-type material 1.4000, 1.4006 or 1.4512 known at present also do not have optimum static and dynamic strength properties. The tensile strength of bands or strips rolled with a 15 to 25% degree of deformation is of the order of 650 to 740 N/mm2. i Higher strength values can be achieved only at the expense of elongation and toughness. Then there is a risk that in subsequent operations, such as cutting, stamping or rolling, fine incipient cracks may appear at the contours which intensify the risk of fatigue fracture during subsequent operationai use.
According to the present invention a ferritic stainless steel has the following composition by weight:
0.03 to 0.06% carbon
O to 1.0 %silicon
O to 1.0% manganese
16 to 17.5% chromium O.g to 1.0 % nickel the remainder iron and unavoidable impurities.
The use of suitable steels embodying the invention can overcome or ameliorate the disadvantages of prior steels as described above. A steel according to the invention can have higher strength, elongation and toughness values as compared with the steel qualities specified hereinbefore as being known. It can be less expensive than e.g. austenitic 1 8/8 CrNi steel, have good strength, breaking elongation and toughness and also satisfy requirements regarding corrosion resistance and good weldability.
Preferably the steel in the cold-worked state has a high tensile strength, 0.2 limit, elongation on fracture, and toughness, and is resistant to intercrystalline corrosion in the welded state without subsequent heat treatment. Furthermore a high Fatigue strength may be attained for specific fields of use.
After cold working with a degree of deformation of 18 to 25% the steel according to the invention preferably has: a minimum tensile strength of 750 N/mm2, more preferably 800 N/mm2, an 0.2 limit of over 600 N/mm2, and a breaking elongation of at least 10%. With values like these it is superior to those of comparable known steels.
In addition, after hot rolling, soft annealing and subsequent cold working, the steel according to the invention can advantageously be used as material for the production of articles which have to be resistant to intercrystalline corrosion in the welded state without subsequent heat treatment. In this respect only the 18/8 CrNi steel can compare with it, but it, as already stated, is more expensive owing to the higher alloying element contents.
A steel according to the invention can be suitable for use wherever, in addition to good strength, elongation and toughness properties, it is also important to achieve adequate resistance to intercrystalline corrosion in the welded state without subsequent heat treatment. Because of the advantageous combination of the aforesaid properties, steel according to the invention can be particularly suitable as material for the production of straight-run or curved-run slat band conveyor chains. Slat band conveyor chains should have high strength, elongation and toughness properties in the cold-worked state. Cold rolling is required to reduce the degree of roughness The smoother the surface, the lower are the friction values and thus the wear in the articulations of the slat elements and at the sliding strips or guide rails.A smooth surface also gives better behaviour as regards corrosion than a duller or rougher surface. The known material > ( 22 OrNi 1 7 (material No. 1.4057) has a natural strength of 750 to 800 N/mm2 after soft annealing. in cold rolling the strength rises in the initial phase
with relatively small degrees of deformation of 5 to 1 0% to over 900 N/mm2, so that it is then always
necessary to carry out soft annealing again. A disadvantage of soft annealing is the precipitation of
chromium carbides on the surface, which considerably increases the wear at the cutting die and cutting
plate when cutting-out sheet bars or conveyor plates.The small amount of cold working also has a
disadvantageous result in the matter of keeping the band or strip thickness within narrow tolerances
and also in the matter of surface formation (asperity depth). The articulation components made of
material 1,4057 have been exclusively quenched and tempered and then given several hours of aftertreatment (trovalisation or use of a vibratory polisher, pickling and polishing) to smooth the surface. The
depth of roughness values were of the order of Ra = 20 ym. The welding behaviour of material 1,4057
is also not satisfactory. The weld zones tend to be affected by embrittlement to varying degrees because of air hardening. Therefore, for safety reasons a subsequent heat treatment has to be carried out.This not only adds to the costs involved in the manufacture of the slat elements but also impairs resistance to corrosion due to the chromium carbide precipitation phenomena which occur on heat treatment.
Fig. 1 shows a comparison of strength and elongation values of the steel according to the invention (lines A) with those of the steel material No. 1.401 6. Fig. 2 shows a comparison of the fatigue strength (under a fatigue pulsating load) of the steel according to the invention (line A) with that of the known steel 1.4021 in the quenched and tempered state and with steel 1.4021 containing 0.9 to 1.4% nickel in the soft-annealed, cold-worked state (see German published specification 2,618,305). The two diagrams illustrate the superiority of the ferritic stainless steel according to the invention to comparable known steels.
Since, in the case of slat band conveyor chains, guide shoes or holding-down elements have to be
welded to the underside of the plates in order to ensure good guidance, it is very desirable that no
intercrystalline corrosion should occur at these weids even without subsequent heat treatment. Welding behaviour has been tested by means of samples. The connecting of the guide shoes or holding-down elements was carried out by the pressure welding process at two or four points respectively on a resistance welding machine. Microscopic structure examinations reveal in the region of the weld seam and at the transition zones no precipitation phenomena and no considerable precipitation hardening such as could lead to embrittlement with diminished toughness or to corrosive attack.Whereas samples from the known steels 1.4000 and 1.4006 used for comparison purposes in the welded state withstood only a mean compression load of 10500 N, the value for a sample made from the steel according to the present invention was 1 6500 N.
Corrosion behaviour was investigated in various media, and the austenitic material 1.4310 was used for comparison purposes. The test results are brought together in the following table.
Medium Result
Copper sulphate test Very good, no difference
from the comparison steel
Alternate immersion test Good, no difference from in a 5% NaCI solution the comparison steel
Alternate immersion test Very good, again no in 5% sulphuric acid and difference from the 5% nitric acid comparison material
The duration of testing in all cases was five days. The tests carried out show that the steel according to the invention has a corrosion resistance in every respect comparable with those of higher-alloy steels.
The steel according to the invention can be suitable not only for slat band conveyor chains but also for other chains e.g. roller chains with attached parts, and for all articles which have to satisfy the aforesaid requirements regarding strength, elongation, toughness, welding behaviour and corrosion resistance.
The steel according to the invention used in the tests described above had the following analysis:
0.04% carbon 16.35% chromium
0.92% nickel
0.37% silicon
0.42% manganese substantially all of the remainder being iron. The characteristics of steel according to the invention with other compositions are generally similar.
Claims (8)
1. Ferritic stainless steel, having the following composition by weight:
0.03 to 0.06% carbon;
16 to 17.5% chromium;
0.8 to 1.0 % nickel; and optionally up to 1.0% silicon and/or up to 1.0% manganese; the remainder iron and unavoidable impurities.
2. Steel according to claim 1 which after cold working with a degree of deformation of 1 8 to 25% has a minimum tensile strength of 750 N/mm2, an 0.2 limit of over 600 N/mm2, and a breaking elongation of at least 10%.
3. Steel according to claim 2 wherein said tensile strength is at least 800 N/mm2.
4. Process for the production of a steel according to any one of the preceding claims for the production of articles which are resistant to intercrystalline corrosion in the welded state without subsequent heat treatment, wherein the steel after hot rolling is soft annealed and then cold worked.
5. Process for the production of a steel according to claim 2 or claim 3 for the production of articles which are resistant to intercrystalline corrosion in the welded state without subsequent heat treatment wherein the steel has the defined strength properties after cold-working with a degree of deformation of 18 to 25%.
6. Straight-run or curved-run slat band conveyor chain or roller chain when produced at least in part from a steel according to any of claims 1 to 3.
7. Straight-run or curved-run slat band conveyor chain or roller chain when produced at least in part from a steel made by a process according to claim 4 or claim 5.
8. Ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1 and as described and exemplified herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2923532A DE2923532C2 (en) | 1979-06-09 | 1979-06-09 | Use of a ferritic stainless steel for welded objects that are resistant to inter-crystalline corrosion without post-heat treatment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2051859A true GB2051859A (en) | 1981-01-21 |
| GB2051859B GB2051859B (en) | 1983-01-19 |
Family
ID=6072932
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8018826A Expired GB2051859B (en) | 1979-06-09 | 1980-06-09 | Ferritic stainless steel |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS565954A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE883704A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8003535A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2923532C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK156176C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES492218A0 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2458598B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2051859B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1131534B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8003119A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5401335A (en) * | 1992-10-17 | 1995-03-28 | Ina Walzlager Schaeffler Kg | Pulser rings |
| US5759304A (en) * | 1993-01-23 | 1998-06-02 | Rexnord Kette Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for producing hot rolled steel strip with adjusted strength |
| NL1023383C2 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-15 | Rexnord Flattop Europe Bv | Chain pin for hinge band chains. |
| US10408302B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2019-09-10 | Renold Gmbh | Roller chain |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2733786B2 (en) * | 1989-06-27 | 1998-03-30 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | Ferritic stainless steel for fusion welding with excellent weld toughness |
| DE3936072A1 (en) * | 1989-10-28 | 1991-05-02 | Rexnord Kette Gmbh & Co Kg | HEAT TREATMENT METHOD |
| FR2671106B1 (en) * | 1990-12-27 | 1994-04-15 | Ugine Aciers Chatillon Gueugnon | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A STAINLESS STEEL WITH A TWO-PHASE FERRITE-MARTENSITE STRUCTURE AND STEEL OBTAINED ACCORDING TO THIS PROCESS. |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH123017A (en) * | 1926-11-22 | 1927-10-17 | Terni Ind Elettr | Metal alloy for hydraulic machinery parts. |
| US3023098A (en) * | 1958-11-03 | 1962-02-27 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Low carbon ferritic stainless steel |
| DE2618305C3 (en) * | 1976-04-27 | 1981-02-12 | Fried. Krupp Huettenwerke Ag, 4630 Bochum | Use of a stainless steel as a material for straight or curved flat slat chains |
-
1979
- 1979-06-09 DE DE2923532A patent/DE2923532C2/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-05-29 NL NL8003119A patent/NL8003119A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-06-06 BE BE0/200946A patent/BE883704A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-06-06 FR FR8012647A patent/FR2458598B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-06 DK DK244880A patent/DK156176C/en active
- 1980-06-06 BR BR8003535A patent/BR8003535A/en unknown
- 1980-06-06 ES ES492218A patent/ES492218A0/en active Granted
- 1980-06-09 GB GB8018826A patent/GB2051859B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-09 JP JP7674380A patent/JPS565954A/en active Pending
- 1980-06-09 IT IT22660/80A patent/IT1131534B/en active
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5401335A (en) * | 1992-10-17 | 1995-03-28 | Ina Walzlager Schaeffler Kg | Pulser rings |
| US5759304A (en) * | 1993-01-23 | 1998-06-02 | Rexnord Kette Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for producing hot rolled steel strip with adjusted strength |
| NL1023383C2 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-15 | Rexnord Flattop Europe Bv | Chain pin for hinge band chains. |
| US7097032B2 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2006-08-29 | Rexnord Flattop Europe B.V. | Chain pin for hinge conveyor chains |
| US7243783B2 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2007-07-17 | Rexnord Flat Top Europe B.V. | Chain pin for hinge conveyor chains |
| US10408302B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2019-09-10 | Renold Gmbh | Roller chain |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES8101127A1 (en) | 1980-12-16 |
| ES492218A0 (en) | 1980-12-16 |
| IT8022660A0 (en) | 1980-06-09 |
| DE2923532C2 (en) | 1981-04-23 |
| IT1131534B (en) | 1986-06-25 |
| JPS565954A (en) | 1981-01-22 |
| NL8003119A (en) | 1980-12-11 |
| FR2458598B1 (en) | 1985-10-31 |
| DK156176C (en) | 1989-12-04 |
| DE2923532B1 (en) | 1980-07-31 |
| BE883704A (en) | 1980-10-01 |
| DK244880A (en) | 1980-12-10 |
| DK156176B (en) | 1989-07-03 |
| GB2051859B (en) | 1983-01-19 |
| FR2458598A1 (en) | 1981-01-02 |
| BR8003535A (en) | 1981-01-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19950609 |