GB2051846A - Primers for polymer-based sealants - Google Patents
Primers for polymer-based sealants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2051846A GB2051846A GB8017752A GB8017752A GB2051846A GB 2051846 A GB2051846 A GB 2051846A GB 8017752 A GB8017752 A GB 8017752A GB 8017752 A GB8017752 A GB 8017752A GB 2051846 A GB2051846 A GB 2051846A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- polyisocyanate
- polymer
- joint
- composition
- polyvinyl chloride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/62—Polymers of compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08G18/6275—Polymers of halogen containing compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds; halogenated polymers of compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/04—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C09D127/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
Abstract
The formation of a joint between a polymer-based sealant, such as one based on polyvinyl chloride, and the walls of a substrate, particularly a concrete substrate, in which the sealant is received, is enhanced by the use of a primer based on a vinyl chloride polymer and a polyisocyanate. The joint formed complies with BS 2499 as regards resistance to attack by fuels. The joints are of particular application in aircraft runways, highways, parking areas etc.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Primers for polymer-based sealants
This invention relates to an adhesive composition for use in adhering a sealant or like polymer-based chemical composition to a substrate. The substrate typically will be a concrete but may be wood or the like. The invention is of particular value in securing a sealant composition based on polyvinyl chloride or an acrylonitrile butadiene, polysulphide, polyurethane or the like to the walls of a joint between concrete slabs making up a roadway such as an airport runway or a wall or the like. Such compositions may be applied hot, the so-called "hot pour systems" or cold, the so-called "cold applied" dependent on their chemical composition and other factors.
It is known to locate sealants based on polymers in the gap between adjacent slabs of concrete. While in some cases satisfactory joints can be made, this can only be assured if the gap is adequately prepared.
For example, the walls defining the gap must be profiled and then cleaned by sand blasting or water jet.
It is a first object of this invention to provide means and a method for adhering a sealant to the walls of a substrate in which less preparation is required.
It is well known to apply an adhesive primer composition to the walls of two items to be joined together and such primers are also known in this general context While the joints sealed in this way are satisfactory under ordinary conditions of use, they are not so satisfactory if the joint is later exposed to a fuel or if the joint is sealed at low ambient temperature. This is characteristic of socalled "hot pour" sealants. Such conditions arise in aircraft runways, taxiways, aprons, highways, parking areas where spillages or leakages of fuel are likely to occur. It is a requirement of British Standard
BS 2499 that concrete joints protected with hot pour sealants be resistant to attack of fuels and other countries have similar tests requirements.
It is another object of this invention to provide an adhesive primer composition for the purpose specified which can be used with sealants of both the "hot pour" and "cold applied" systems, and which will withstand contact with fuel.
According to a first feature of the invention there is provided a method of sealing a joint with a polymer-based sealant comprising
(i) contacting the walls of the joint with the adhesive primer composition comprising (a) a vinyl chloride based polymer and (b) a polyisocyanate, these being present, where necessary, in liquid carriers.
(ii) allowing the primer coating to dry, and
(iii) locating a liquid polymer-based sealant in the joint and allowing it to set.
The primer may be applied to the walls by spraying or brushing. It may be allowed to dry for a period of from 20 minutes to 4 hours.
According to a further feature of the invention, an adhesive composition for use in securing a polymer-based sealant to a substrate comprises
(a) a vinyl chloride based polymer, and
(b) a polyisocyanate, these being present, where necessary, in liquid carriers.
The vinyl chloride based polymer is of relatively high molecular weight since otherwise the system will not have adequate resistance to attack by fuel.
As a matter of convenience, the molecular weight will be defined by viscosity measurement. Preferably the polymer has a viscosity of 106 to 138 units as determined by ISO specification 174.
The polyisocyanate may be an aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic polyisocyanate. Mixtures of polyisocyanates may be used if desired.
Examples of suitable polyisocyanates include the aliphatic polyisocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, alicyclic polyisocyanates such as 4,4'dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, and aromatic polyisocyanates such as 2,4- and 2,6- toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'diisocyanato - 3,3' - dimethyl diphenyl methane, 2,4' - diisocyanato - 3,3' - dimethyl diisocyanato diphenyl methane, 4,4' - diisocyanato - 3,3' - di - tert butyl diphenyl methane, 4,4' - diisocyanato - 3,3dimethyl - diphenyl propane, and 4,4' - diisocyanato - 3,3' - dimethyl - diphenyl propane, and 4,4' diisocyanato - 3,3' - diethyl diphenyl methane.
Further examples of suitable polyisocyanates are 1 ,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, triphenylmethane triisocyanates, thiophosphoric acid tris - (p isocyanato - phenyl ester) xylylene diisocyanates, and their methyl derivatives, polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanates and chlorophenylene - 2,4 diisocyanate.
It is a characteristic of this invention that both the polyvinyl chloride component and the polyisocyanate component be present in the adhesive composition. If only the polyvinyl chloride component is present, an inadeqate adhesion is obtained; if the polyisocyanatealone is used then it tends to be drawn into a concrete substrate and to become cross-linked to form a brittle powdery deposit. Only when both ingredients are present are the advantages of the invention realised. The mechanism by which the invention works is not clear.The Applicants have no wish to be bound by the following theory but it is believed that under the conditions of use a cross-linked structure including interpenetrating networks is formed for example, by reaction of the many isocyanate groups with active hydrogens in the sealant and reaction of isocyanate groups with hydroxyl groups derived from bound water in the concrete. In this way the sealant is both chemically and mechanically locked to the concrete substrate.
Preferably the adhesive composition is predominantly formed of the polyvinyl chloride which advantageously makes up 50% to 90% by weight of the composition. The proportion of polyisocyanate, however, must be sufficient for there to be active isocyanate groups available for reaction with the sealant and the concrete.
In practice the polymers are presented in liquid carriers and it is preferred that liquid carriers having a high flash point be used. Where possible the same liquid carrier may be used for both polymers. Suitable liquid carriers for the polyvinyl chloride include diisobutyl ketone, dibutyl phthalate, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, butyl acetate, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone and suitable liquid carriers for the polyisocyanate include methylene chloride, dichloropropane, dichloroethylene, acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene and toluene. Such liquid carriers assist in causing the adhesive to penetrate the concrete substrate and may have water which will cause the isocyanate to undergo condensation reactions.
The adhesive composition may contain other ingredients, usually in minor proportions, for example fillers, surfactants, viscosity adjusters, tackifiers and thixotropic agents.
In a much preferred feature of the invention the adhesive composition is presented in the form of two packs, one containing the polyisocyanate and the other containing the polyvinyl chloride. Using two packs in this way avoids problems of moisture sensitivity in storage. When required the two packs are emptied and the ingredients mixed, and the formed adhesive composition is then sprayed or brushed on to the substrate.
The invention is seen to best advantage when securing a polyvinyl chloride sealant to a concrete substrate. The concrete may be derived from any cementitious mixture and according to a particular advantage of the invention, it may even be concrete repaired or patched for example with a resin based material such as polyester, epoxy or acrylate based.
It can be very difficultto adhere a sealant to such concrete. Usually a deep groove is cut to an approp
riate profile in the concrete and the groove is then thoroughly cleaned for example by sand blasting or
water jet. Such preparation is not needed when
using a primer according to the invention; simple
brushing with a power brush will suffice. A further advantage ofthe use ofthe primer is that in its absence the bond between the polyvinyl chloride sealant and the concrete is very much dependent on ambient temperature; in cold climates the bond may fail. The use of the primer of the invention ensures that a good bond is formed irrespective of the prevailing temperature.
The polymer-based sealant may be a polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile butadiene, a polysulphide or a polyurethane.
Preferably the sealant composition is based on polyvinyl chloride and is a single component liquid hot pour type joint sealant composition comprising, about 2 to 25% vinyl chloride resin, and a liquid coal tar pitch component consisting essentially of a pitch fraction having a boiling point of between about 355"C and about 450 C. Preferably the pitch fraction includes a further pitch fraction which has a boiling point of above about 450 C., the last named fraction constituting up to about 25% of the total pitch fractions. A higher boiling point fraction, identified herein as the E-pitch fraction, boiling above 450"C, is a solid.The liquid pitch fraction lying between about 355"C and 450"C and herein referred to as D-pitch fraction, provides an excellent liquid composition with PVC and exhibits very good shelf life. Such a sealant composition is disclosed in United States
Patent Specification 3 549 575.
The invention includes a joint sealed by the method disclosed. The invention is iliustrated by the following examples in which all parts are by weight.
Example 1
An adhesive primer composition of the invention was made by mixing together with agitation 25 parts of a so-called "hot-pour" sealant composition comprising
vinyl chloride resin 8
filler 22
pitch blend (75% D-pitch
fraction & 25% E-pitch 56
fraction)
dibutyl phthalate 14 and a blend of 50 parts di-isobutyl ketone and 25 parts of cyclohexanone. To the resultant solution was added 20 parts of a 20% solution of triphenyl methane-4,4'4"-triisocyanate in methylene chloride. Ajoint cavity was cut in a block of Portland cement concrete and the walls of the cavity were primed using the adhesive composition. The primer was left to dry for a period of from 20 to 60 minutes.
A batch of the sealant composition according to
U.S. Patent 3549575 was heated to about 150"C and the liquid composition was pumped into the primed joint. The sealant was allowed to cool and a satisfactory seal was formed.
The joint was tested for extension and penetration after fuel immersion in accordance with BS 2499 and the results showed compliance with the requirements of the British Standard.
Example 2
One part of a two part adhesive primer composition was made by mixing together with agitation
polyvinyl chloride polymer 10
tetrahydrofuran 88
cyclohexanone 2
The other part was a 20% solution of thiophosphoric acid - tris (p - isocyanato - phenyl ester) in methylene chloride.
The two parts were mixed together in a ratio of 100 parts polyvinyl chlorideltetrahydrofuran solution to 15 parts of the ester to form an adhesive primer composition which was found to be satisfactory in use with the sealant composition of Example 1.
Example 3
One part of a two part adhesive primer composition was made by mixing together 25 parts of the sealant composition of Example 1 and 75 parts of tetrahydrofuran. The other part was a 20% solution of triphenylmethane - 4,4'4" - trisocyanate in methylene chloride. These were used in a ratio of 100:20 parts and results equal to those of Example 1 ' were obtained.
Example 4
The procedure of Example 2 was repeated using 30 parts ofthe polyisocyanate solution and improved results were obtained.
Example 5
One part of a two part adhesive primer composition was made by mixing together7 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 52 parts oftetrahydrofuran, 41 parts of butyl acetate and 20 to 30 parts of the pitch fraction identified in Example 1. This part was reacted with a polyisocyanate in methylene chloride to form a satisfactory primer.
to form a satisfactory primer.
Example 6
One part of a two part adhesive primer composition was made by mixing together 7 parts of polyvinyl chloride polymer, 42 partsofxylene, 15 parts of cyclohexanone, 36 parts of methyl ethyl ketone and 20 to 30 parts of the pitch fraction identified in Example 1. This part was reacted with a polyisocyanate in methylene chloride part to form a satisfactory primer.
Example 7
The primer of the invention was evaluated with a hot applied sealant for compliance with the requirements of BS 2499:1973. A hot applied joint sealing compound in accordance with U.S. Patent 3 549 575 was tested for extension and penetration after fuel immersion to BS 2499. One set of specimens was tested without primer and a further set was tested with the primer.
A further set of specimens was tested with the test blocks the sawn faces of which were grit blasted so that the surface of the coarse aggregate was just protruding. The results showed that in an extension test under an applied maximum load of about 200
Newtons, the adhesion of the sealant to the primed surfaces was not broken whereas where no primer was used the area of separation of three specimens was 100,70 and 220 mm2, and that where no primer was used and the blocks were sand blasted was 140, 120 and 60 mm2.
It will be noted that by the use of the primer the formed joint had improved adhesion and resistance to penetration despite the prior immersion in fuel.
Claims (25)
1. Amethodofsealing a joint with a polymer- based sealant comprising
(i) contacting the walls of the joint with the adhesive primer composition comprising (a) a vinyl chloride based polymer and (b) a polyisocyanate, these being present, where necessary, in liquid carriers,
(ii) allowing the primer coating to dry, and (iii) locating a liquid polymer-based sealant in the joint and allowing it to set.
2. A method according to Claim 1, in which the primer is applied to the walls by sraying or brushing.
3. A method according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the primer coating is allowed to dry for a period of from 20 minutes to 4 hours.
4. A method according to any preceding Claim, in which the vinyl chloride based polymer is of relatively high molecular weight.
5. A method according to Claim 4, in which the vinyl chloride based polymer has a viscosity of 106 to 138 units as determined by ISO specification 174.
6. A method according to any preceding Claim, in which the polyisocyanate is an aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic polyisocyanate.
7. A method according to Claim 6, in which the polyisocyanate is triphenylmethane triisocyanate or thiophosphoric acid tris - (p - isocyanato - phenyl ester).
8. A method according to any preceding Claim, in which the adhesive composition is predominantly formed of the polyvinyl chloride.
9. A method according to Claim 8, in which the polyvinyl chloride is 50% to 90% by weight of the composition.
10. A method according to any preceding Claim, in which the polyvinyl chloride and the polyisocyanate are presented in liquid carriers.
11. A method according to Claim 10, in which the liquid carrierforthe polyvinyl chloride is diisobutyl ketone, dibutyl phthalate, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, butyl acetate, xylene or methyl ethyl ketone.
12. A method according to Claim 10, in which the liquid carrier for the polyisocyanate is methylene chloride, dichloropropane, dichloroethylene, acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene ortoluene.
13. A method according to any preceding Claim, in which the adhesive composition is presented in the form of two packs, one containing the polyisocyanate and the other containing the polyvinyl chloride.
14. A method according to any preceding Claim, in which the joint is part of a concrete substrate.
15. A method according to Claim 14, in which the concrete has been repaired or patched.
16. A method according to Claim 14 or 15, in which the joint has been brushed clean before contact with the primer.
17. A method according to any preceding Claim, in which the polymer-based sealant is a polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile butadiene, a polysulphide or a polyurethane.
18. A joint sealed by a method according to any preceding Claim.
19. For use in securing a polymer-based sealant to a substrate, an adhesive composition comprising
(i) a vinyl chloride based polymer, and
(ii) a polyisocyanate, these being present, where necessary, in liquid carriers.
20. Acomposition according to Claim 19, in which the vinyl chloride based polymer is of relatively high molecular weight.
21. A composition according to Claim 20, in which the vinyl chloride based polymer has a viscosity of 106 to 138 units as determined by ISO specification 174.
22. Acomposition according to any of Claims 19 to 21, in which the polyisocyanate is an aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic polyisocyanate.
23. A composition according to any of Claims 19 to 22, in which the polyisocyanate is triphenylmethane triisocyanate orthiophosphoric acid tris - (p - isocyanato - phenyl ester).
24. A composition according to any of Claims 19 to 23, in which the adhesive composition is presented in the form of two packs, one containing the polyisocyanate and the other containing the polyvinyl chloride.
25. A method of sealing a joint or an adhesive composition for use in the method, substantially as describedwith reference to anyofthe Examples.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8017752A GB2051846A (en) | 1979-06-07 | 1980-05-30 | Primers for polymer-based sealants |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7919926 | 1979-06-07 | ||
| GB8017752A GB2051846A (en) | 1979-06-07 | 1980-05-30 | Primers for polymer-based sealants |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2051846A true GB2051846A (en) | 1981-01-21 |
Family
ID=26271790
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8017752A Withdrawn GB2051846A (en) | 1979-06-07 | 1980-05-30 | Primers for polymer-based sealants |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2051846A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0150803A2 (en) * | 1984-02-02 | 1985-08-07 | Bayer Ag | PVC-plastisols for coating applications containing adhesion improving additives and their use |
| EP0214495A2 (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1987-03-18 | Mitsubishi Kasei Vinyl Company | Plastisol composition, undercoating and blocked polyisocyanurate |
| FR2669326A1 (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1992-05-22 | Saint Gobain Vitrage Int | ENCAPSULE GLAZING READY TO BE MOUNTED AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE. |
| WO2022035922A1 (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-02-17 | Asphalt Materials, Inc. | Methods for sealing cracks and expansion joints |
-
1980
- 1980-05-30 GB GB8017752A patent/GB2051846A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0150803A2 (en) * | 1984-02-02 | 1985-08-07 | Bayer Ag | PVC-plastisols for coating applications containing adhesion improving additives and their use |
| EP0150803A3 (en) * | 1984-02-02 | 1986-02-12 | Bayer Ag | Pvc-plastisols for coating applications containing adhesion improving additives and their use |
| US4623686A (en) | 1984-02-02 | 1986-11-18 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Storage stable compositions based on polyvinyl chloride plastisols and stabilized isocyanates |
| EP0214495A2 (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1987-03-18 | Mitsubishi Kasei Vinyl Company | Plastisol composition, undercoating and blocked polyisocyanurate |
| EP0214495A3 (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1987-08-19 | Mitsubishi Kasei Vinyl Company | Plastisol composition, undercoating and blocked polyisocyanurate |
| AU586013B2 (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1989-06-29 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation | Plastisol composition, undercoating material and blocked polyisocyanurate |
| FR2669326A1 (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1992-05-22 | Saint Gobain Vitrage Int | ENCAPSULE GLAZING READY TO BE MOUNTED AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE. |
| EP0487377A1 (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1992-05-27 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International | Encapsulated glazing ready for mounting and process for its production |
| WO2022035922A1 (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-02-17 | Asphalt Materials, Inc. | Methods for sealing cracks and expansion joints |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |