GB2050410A - Bath salts - Google Patents
Bath salts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2050410A GB2050410A GB8013557A GB8013557A GB2050410A GB 2050410 A GB2050410 A GB 2050410A GB 8013557 A GB8013557 A GB 8013557A GB 8013557 A GB8013557 A GB 8013557A GB 2050410 A GB2050410 A GB 2050410A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- bath salts
- carrier
- gas
- bath
- salts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NAOLWIGVYRIGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1 NAOLWIGVYRIGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004141 Sodium laurylsulphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229960004903 invert sugar Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000010450 Pino mugo Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000514697 Lepidothamnus laxifolius Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000062730 Melissa officinalis Species 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021551 crystal sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000157282 Aesculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000721662 Juniperus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001012590 Juniperus communis subsp. communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005230 Leg Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000010654 Melissa officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001136577 Pinus mugo Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000025747 Rheumatic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001529742 Rosmarinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000178231 Rosmarinus officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014617 hemorrhoid Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000865 liniment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940124641 pain reliever Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000552 rheumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015639 rosmarinus officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/046—Aerosols; Foams
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/20—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of the composition as a whole
- A61K2800/22—Gas releasing
- A61K2800/222—Effervescent
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Bath salts, in cube or tablet form, have incorporated therein a gas, in a fluid or gaseous state, which is set free when the bath salts are placed in water, carrier material for the gas dissolving in the water and a surfactant.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Bath salts
This invention concerns bath salts comprising a water soluble granular carrier with an active wash substance. The bath salts also contain scent, additive material and colouring as accessory materials.
Known bath salts contain in addition to a salt, which in general is cooking salt, scent, active wash materials, additive materials, colouring and/or materials which prevent the salt from forming into large particles by agglomeration. Bath salts are usually in the form of cubes or tablets which contain, a crystalline organic acid, and salts which give off gas in an acid environment, such as sodium carbonate or sodium perborate, so that carbonic acid or oxygen is produced as soon as the tablet is put into water.
The tablet disintegrates and thereby dissolves itself more quickly in the water.
An object of the invention isto improve known bath salts in respect of their cleaning effect and to provide an intensive massage effect for a bather.
With this object in view the present invention provides bath salts comprising a water soluble carrier, loaded with an active wash substance characterised in that a gas, in a liquid or gaseous state, is enclosed in the carrier.
With the bath salts of the invention a bathing experience is significantly influenced by explosion fizzing and tingling tactile stimulation which occur when the gas is set free while the carrier is dissolving in warm bath water. Furthermore, by a kind of catapult-effect, additive materials released by the escaping gas, are shot into a bathers skin. This effect is comparable with a sluicing-in of additive material by intensive massage.
Advantageously the carrier for the gas, whether the gas be in a liquid or gaseous state, is a material which at normal temperatures and normal pressure is in a firm state of aggregation and is water soluble.
Preferably the bath salts have a granular form which is necessitated by the crystalising out carrier. The carrier must be harmless to skin when used in concentration in a bath. The gas is in corporated into the carrier material in a fluid state at a high temperature and/or pressure, the gas being dissolved in the carrier. The carrier must be able to retain the gas dissolved therein after the gas has cooled and/or has decreased in pressure. A processforthe production of a carrier containing an enclosed gas which can be used in accordance with the invention is known from
United States Patent No. 3 012 893.
Preferably the carrier contains scent, active wash substance, additive materials as well as colourings and accessory materials. The carrier can be selected from the group monosacchoride, oligosacchoride, sugar alcohol and saccharic acid.
The bath salts of the invention can be marketed as a product capable of irrigation and can be packaged in a similar manner as known bath salts. Although the invention provides for additional effects caused by the enclosure of gas in the carrier the cleaning and scent effects are the same as in known bath salts.
The bath salts of the invention are suitable for numerous therapeutic treatments. In particular, if essence of dwarf pine pil (Pinus pumilio) is added it is therapeutically applicable in states of exhaustion, fortoning up and for raising powers of resistance.
When essence of oil of balm (Melissa offcinalis) is added it acts as a pain reliever, relaxing and soothing a bather. The addition of essence of oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) to the bath salts leads, for example, to a strengthening of blood circulation of the bather. The addition of essence of oil of juniper (Juniperus communis) to the bath salts make the bath salts particularly suitable for the relief of rheumatic complaints and inter-articular disc complaints, for the relief of pain and for better blood circulation. The addition of extract of horse chesnut (Aesculus hippolastanum) helps to breakdown blood clots and strengthen and dilate veins, this being particularly useful in the therapy of haemorrhoids and leg ulcers.
The following is an example of typical constituents of the bath salts of the invention wherein the material proportions are all by weight:53.00% carrier Crystal sugar 26.99% active wash substance Texapon WW99 12.00% anti-caking ingredient Aerosil 200V
5.00% scent Dwarf pine oil Tyrol
2.00% enclosed gas Carbon dioxide
1.00% additive material Extract of horse
chesnut - aqueous spiss concentrate 0.01% colouring Cosmetic colouring
Tobacco brown
The enclosing of the carbon dioxide in crystal sugar (cane sugar) is carried out in accordance with the process which is described in United States
Patent No. 3 012 893.
As an alternative to carbon dioxide, the gas enclosed in the carrier can be fluorchlorohydrocarbon, hydrocarbon, nitrogen, dinitromonoxide and/or carbonic acid.
"Texapon WW 99" is a trade mark for sodiumalkyl-polyglycoethersulphate and "Aerosil 200V" is a trade mark for a pyrogenic silicic acid.
In order to obtain bath salts which is capable of irrigation and in which the materials adhere well to one another and are uniformly distributed, the materials are mixed together in the following order:
1. Active wash substance
2. Scent
3. Additive material
4. Colouring
5. Carrier, loaded with gas
6. Accessory materials
With this procedure, as well as with the avoidance of shear and mixing forces during the production process, the premature release of the gas from the carrier is minimised. Decanting and confectionery processes must be carried out carefully.
Claims (10)
1. Bath salts comprising a water soluble carrier, loaded with an active wash substance characterised in that a gas, in a liquid or gaseous state, is enclosed in the carrier.
2. Bath salts as claimed in claim 1 wherein said bath salts contain scent, additive material and colouring.
3. Bath salts as claimed in claim 1 or 2 characterised in that the gas enclosed in the carrier is pressurised carbon dioxide, fluorchlorohydrocarbon, hydrocarbon, nitrogen, dinitromonoxide and/or car bonicacid.
4. Bath salts as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 characterised in that the carrier is selected from the group, monosacchride, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide, sugar alcohol and saccharic acid.
5. Bath salts as claimed in claim 4 characterised in that the oligosaccharide is crystal or invert sugar.
6. Bath salts as claimed in any preceding claim characterised in that the carrier is sodium lauryl sulphate.
7. Bath salts as claimed in any preceding claim characterised in that the active wash substance is sodium-alicylpolyglycolethersulphate.
8. Bath salts as claimed in any preceding claim characterised in that they contain material for the prevention of agglomeration.
9. Bath salts as claimed in claim 8 characterised in that the material for the prevention of agglomeration is pyrogenic silicic acid.
10. Bath salts substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any example.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2919162A DE2919162C2 (en) | 1979-05-11 | 1979-05-11 | Use of a mixture as a bath additive |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2050410A true GB2050410A (en) | 1981-01-07 |
| GB2050410B GB2050410B (en) | 1983-04-27 |
Family
ID=6070555
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8013557A Expired GB2050410B (en) | 1979-05-11 | 1980-04-24 | Bath salts |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE883175A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1134708A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2919162C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2455887A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2050410B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1133408B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8002374A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62161718A (en) * | 1986-01-08 | 1987-07-17 | Kao Corp | Bath agent |
| JPS6393711A (en) * | 1986-10-09 | 1988-04-25 | Kao Corp | Bathing agent |
| JPH02121917A (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1990-05-09 | Lion Corp | Bathing agent composition |
| EP1059076A2 (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-12-13 | Wella Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of an instant gel and the use of gaseous solid particles for cosmetic treatments |
| US6310014B1 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2001-10-30 | Phyzz Inc. | Personal and household care compositions |
| CN112641934A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-13 | 鼻精灵(重庆)医疗科技有限公司 | Active foot bath powder |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2494891A (en) * | 1945-05-02 | 1950-01-17 | Colgate Palmolive Peet Co | Process and apparatus for making floating soap |
| FR1195918A (en) * | 1958-05-14 | 1959-11-20 | Skin and hair beauty and hygiene cream | |
| US3012893A (en) * | 1959-01-06 | 1961-12-12 | Gen Foods Corp | Gasified confection and method of making the same |
| US3497912A (en) * | 1965-07-02 | 1970-03-03 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Apparatus for continuous mixing of solid and liquid material and extrusion of the mixture |
| GB1155726A (en) * | 1965-07-02 | 1969-06-18 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Detergent Laundry Bars |
| GB1191721A (en) * | 1966-04-21 | 1970-05-13 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Production of Detergent Laundry Bars of Low Specific Gravity |
| US3947567A (en) * | 1970-08-08 | 1976-03-30 | Phoenix Research Inc. | Effervescent cleansers |
-
1979
- 1979-05-11 DE DE2919162A patent/DE2919162C2/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-04-23 NL NL8002374A patent/NL8002374A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-04-24 GB GB8013557A patent/GB2050410B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-06 IT IT12528/80A patent/IT1133408B/en active
- 1980-05-07 FR FR8010164A patent/FR2455887A1/en active Pending
- 1980-05-08 BE BE0/200516A patent/BE883175A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-05-12 CA CA000351715A patent/CA1134708A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62161718A (en) * | 1986-01-08 | 1987-07-17 | Kao Corp | Bath agent |
| JPH0362690B2 (en) * | 1986-01-08 | 1991-09-26 | Kao Corp | |
| JPS6393711A (en) * | 1986-10-09 | 1988-04-25 | Kao Corp | Bathing agent |
| JPH0362692B2 (en) * | 1986-10-09 | 1991-09-26 | Kao Corp | |
| JPH02121917A (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1990-05-09 | Lion Corp | Bathing agent composition |
| JP2792869B2 (en) | 1988-11-01 | 1998-09-03 | ライオン株式会社 | Bath composition |
| EP1059076A2 (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-12-13 | Wella Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of an instant gel and the use of gaseous solid particles for cosmetic treatments |
| EP1059076A3 (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2003-04-16 | Wella Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of an instant gel and the use of gaseous solid particles for cosmetic treatments |
| US6310014B1 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2001-10-30 | Phyzz Inc. | Personal and household care compositions |
| CN112641934A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-13 | 鼻精灵(重庆)医疗科技有限公司 | Active foot bath powder |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE883175A (en) | 1980-09-01 |
| FR2455887A1 (en) | 1980-12-05 |
| GB2050410B (en) | 1983-04-27 |
| DE2919162C2 (en) | 1982-11-11 |
| CA1134708A (en) | 1982-11-02 |
| IT1133408B (en) | 1986-07-09 |
| IT8012528A0 (en) | 1980-05-06 |
| DE2919162A1 (en) | 1980-11-20 |
| NL8002374A (en) | 1980-11-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1043023B1 (en) | Viscous compositions containing carbon dioxide | |
| US3954974A (en) | Disinfectant for the surface of human body parts containing hydrogen peroxide | |
| Kemper et al. | Frostbite of both first digits of the foot treated with delayed hyperbaric oxygen: a case report and review of literature | |
| JP2024059876A (en) | Topical Compositions Comprising Cod Liver Oil for Treating Wounds and Skin Disorders - Patent application | |
| GB2050410A (en) | Bath salts | |
| KR101445730B1 (en) | Composition used for treating skin diseases, preparation comprising said composition and production method therefor | |
| JP5643872B2 (en) | Carbon dioxide transdermal / mucosal absorption composition | |
| WO2006110029A1 (en) | Salt product, method for manufacture and use thereof | |
| DE69401502D1 (en) | Pharmaceutical preparation for producing a stabilized powder which contains a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and metoclopramide as the active ingredient | |
| US3046196A (en) | Therapeutic compositions | |
| JP2013177460A (en) | Composition for percutaneously and transmucosally absorbing carbon dioxide | |
| CN102670420A (en) | Negative ion mask | |
| JPS6226214A (en) | Solid bath composition slowly soluble in hot water | |
| JP5993336B2 (en) | Carbon dioxide transdermal / mucosal absorption composition | |
| US20230022404A1 (en) | Systems and methods for producing a nitric oxide bath and methods of use | |
| RU2218149C1 (en) | Balneological healing and prophylactic agent | |
| JP2000001425A (en) | Bathing agent composition | |
| CA1197192A (en) | Burn treatment composition | |
| RU2299737C1 (en) | Method for stabilizing bee mother milk | |
| RU2600033C2 (en) | Method of producing substance for destruction of microvasculature of removed skin formation | |
| RU2181591C2 (en) | Method of preparing substance for destruction of microcirculatory alveus of topical cutaneous formations | |
| Hawking | Methods for the local application of sulphanilamide | |
| JPH01199913A (en) | Liniment | |
| SK92022U1 (en) | Bath additive | |
| RU2176510C2 (en) | Method of burn treatment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |