GB2048983A - Ground or Rock Anchor - Google Patents
Ground or Rock Anchor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2048983A GB2048983A GB8005027A GB8005027A GB2048983A GB 2048983 A GB2048983 A GB 2048983A GB 8005027 A GB8005027 A GB 8005027A GB 8005027 A GB8005027 A GB 8005027A GB 2048983 A GB2048983 A GB 2048983A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- anchor
- rock
- ground
- section
- pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/80—Ground anchors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/004—Bolts held in the borehole by friction all along their length, without additional fixing means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Thiazole And Isothizaole Compounds (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a ground or rock anchor, which comprises a thin-walled tubular body 1 in the form of a pipe, a front portion 2 of which has a circular cross-section and a rear portion 3 of which has an oval-shaped cross-section, wherein the perimeters of both said portions are substantially equal. An anchor in accordance with the invention tends to maintain or even increase with time the degree of support it provides to surrounding rock or soil structures. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Ground or Rock Anchor
This invention relates to a ground or rock anchor, which is capable of application in underground and surface constructions.
A mechanical anchor-bolt is known, which consists of an anchoring head which by an anchor-rod is connected to a bearing plate. The actions of this anchor are based on the frictional forces caused by the head's expansion in the hole and the bearing stress of the plate transmitted through the rod.
The main disadvantage of this type of mechanical anchor is that with the passage of time the clamping force decreases significantly, which leads to reduction of the support provided by the anchor and creates an opportunity for deformations to develop in the rocks around the anchor.
An anchoring device is also known, from US
Pat. No. 3665719, which consists of a flat tubular element, built from inelastic material, where the tubular element is deformed along its entire length and is closed from one end, while at the other end there is mounted a valve for feeding a fluid under high pressure, after the structure has been installed into a hole or a crack, and as a result the tubular element expands and exerts significant side pressure, and thus increases the friction along the adjacent surfaces of the already broken rock structure.
The most significant disadvantage of this device is that it can only be applied for strengthening an already broken rock mass; another is the need for special materials for its production.
An objection of the present invention is to provide a pipe-type ground or rock anchor which has universal applicability and which will maintain or improve with time the strength given to the soil or rock and thus prevent the development of deformations in the ground or rock structure in which it is placed.
According to the present invention there is provided a ground or rock anchor, which comprises a thin-walled tubular body in the form of a pipe, a front portion of which has a circular cross-section and a rear portion of which has an oval-shaped cross-section, wherein the perimeters of both said portions are substantially equal.
Preferably, the rear portion constitutes a major proportion of the total length of the anchor. The front portion of the anchor can constitute 20% or less of the total length of the anchor. A smoothly curved intermediate zone can be present between the said front and rear portions of the anchor.
The advantages of the invention are as follows:
with the passage of time the pipe anchor maintains or increases the support given to, e.g., surrounding rocks and thus prevents the development of deformations and disintegration of the rocks;
it has strengthening ability along the total length of the anchor and as a result is universally applicable-in soft as well as in hard rocks;
it is simple to make and inexpensive to produce.
The invention will now be illustrated in greater detail by reference to the accompanying drawings, which show a practical embodiment of the invention, and in which:
Figure 1 represents a side view of the pipe anchor;
Figure 2 is a cross-section along line A-A of
Figure 1; and
Figure 3 is a cross-section along line B-B of
Figure 1.
The ground anchor consists of a thin-walled pipe-like tubular body 1, of which a front part 2 constituting about 10% of the overall length of the anchor is shaped as a guide with a circular cross-section, and a rear part 3 constituting about 90% of the overall length of the anchor has an oval-shaped cross-section having two mutually perpendicular axes; the perimeters of the front and the rear parts are equal to each other and, in use, are equal to the perimeter of the pre-formed anchoring hole. A smoothly curved zone 4 joins the front and rear portions 2 and 3. The body 1 can conveniently be formed of steel.The thickness of the wall 1 is determined as a function of the diameter of the anchoring hole and the length of the long axis of the oval cross-section, and is preferably as expressed by the following formula:
where
B=the length of the long axis of the oval crosssection;
D=the diameter of the anchoring hole, which is the same as the outside diameter of the front portion 2;
A=the thickness of the tubular body's wall;
k=a coefficient, determined by the physical and mechanical properties of the steel and the rocks, such that 0.005 < k < 0.05; and length of the pipe.
The device is used as follows: a hole is first of all drilled in the rocks which are to be supported.
The perimeter of this hole is equal to the perimeters of the front part 2 and the rear part 3 of the body 1. The pipe-like anchor is then inserted into the hole by conventional techniques, e.g. by hammering, pressure or vibrations, after which the oval-shaped rear part 3, as a result of the rock pressure, tends to take a shape identical to that of the front part 2.
Claims
1. A ground or rock anchor, which comprises a thin-walled tubular body in the form of a pipe a
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (7)
1. A ground or rock anchor, which comprises a thin-walled tubular body in the form of a pipe a front portion of which has a circular cross-section and a rear portion of which has an oval-shaped cross-section; wherein the perimeters of both said portions are substantially equal.
2. An anchor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the said front and rear portions are joined by a smoothly curved zone.
3. An anchor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the said rear portion constitutes a major proportion of the total length of the anchor.
4. An anchor as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the said front portion constitutes not more than 20% of the total length of the anchor.
5. An anchor as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the body is formed of steel.
6. An anchor as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the thickness of the wall of the tubular body satisfies the relationship:
where 0.005 < kA0.05, and the other parameters have the meanings given hereinbefore.
7. A ground or rock anchor substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the accompanying drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BG7942572A BG32663A1 (en) | 1979-02-20 | 1979-02-20 | Pipe anker |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2048983A true GB2048983A (en) | 1980-12-17 |
GB2048983B GB2048983B (en) | 1982-12-01 |
Family
ID=3905674
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8005027A Expired GB2048983B (en) | 1979-02-20 | 1980-02-14 | Ground or rock anchor |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT370210B (en) |
BG (1) | BG32663A1 (en) |
CS (1) | CS237953B1 (en) |
DD (1) | DD160886A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3004540A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2449779A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2048983B (en) |
PL (1) | PL221885A1 (en) |
RO (1) | RO82092A (en) |
SE (1) | SE8000930L (en) |
SU (1) | SU1063940A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0047311A1 (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1982-03-17 | Armand Ciavatta | Friction rock stabilizing device and method of supporting a mine roof using said device. |
WO1986002125A1 (en) * | 1984-09-26 | 1986-04-10 | Vissh Minno-Geolozhki Institut | Tubular anchor |
EP0223542A1 (en) * | 1985-11-14 | 1987-05-27 | Ben L Seegmiller | Rock bolt construction and installation |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3665719A (en) * | 1969-05-28 | 1972-05-30 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Apparatus for counterstressing in situ rock for support of underground openings |
-
1979
- 1979-02-20 BG BG7942572A patent/BG32663A1/en unknown
-
1980
- 1980-02-05 CS CS91480A patent/CS237953B1/en unknown
- 1980-02-05 AT AT62980A patent/AT370210B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-02-06 SE SE8000930A patent/SE8000930L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-02-07 DE DE19803004540 patent/DE3004540A1/en active Granted
- 1980-02-07 SU SU807771057A patent/SU1063940A1/en active
- 1980-02-08 PL PL22188580A patent/PL221885A1/xx unknown
- 1980-02-14 GB GB8005027A patent/GB2048983B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-15 DD DD21914580A patent/DD160886A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-02-19 RO RO80100235A patent/RO82092A/en unknown
- 1980-02-20 FR FR8003719A patent/FR2449779A1/en active Granted
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0047311A1 (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1982-03-17 | Armand Ciavatta | Friction rock stabilizing device and method of supporting a mine roof using said device. |
EP0047311A4 (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1982-07-13 | Armand Ciavatta | Friction rock stabilizing device and method of supporting a mine roof using said device. |
WO1986002125A1 (en) * | 1984-09-26 | 1986-04-10 | Vissh Minno-Geolozhki Institut | Tubular anchor |
EP0223542A1 (en) * | 1985-11-14 | 1987-05-27 | Ben L Seegmiller | Rock bolt construction and installation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3004540C2 (en) | 1988-03-10 |
RO82092B (en) | 1983-06-30 |
CS237953B1 (en) | 1985-11-13 |
RO82092A (en) | 1983-07-07 |
FR2449779A1 (en) | 1980-09-19 |
ATA62980A (en) | 1982-07-15 |
SU1063940A1 (en) | 1983-12-30 |
BG32663A1 (en) | 1982-09-15 |
FR2449779B1 (en) | 1984-04-13 |
AT370210B (en) | 1983-03-10 |
GB2048983B (en) | 1982-12-01 |
DE3004540A1 (en) | 1980-08-28 |
DD160886A3 (en) | 1984-06-13 |
PL221885A1 (en) | 1980-11-17 |
SE8000930L (en) | 1980-08-21 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19930214 |