GB2044416A - Metal-plastic cartridge case and cartridge arrangement - Google Patents
Metal-plastic cartridge case and cartridge arrangement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2044416A GB2044416A GB8008385A GB8008385A GB2044416A GB 2044416 A GB2044416 A GB 2044416A GB 8008385 A GB8008385 A GB 8008385A GB 8008385 A GB8008385 A GB 8008385A GB 2044416 A GB2044416 A GB 2044416A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- joint
- cartridge case
- cartridge
- chevron
- sleeve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000088 plastic resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 34
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- YAFQFNOUYXZVPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N liproxstatin-1 Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(CNC=2C3(CCNCC3)NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 YAFQFNOUYXZVPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
- F42B5/30—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics
- F42B5/307—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics formed by assembling several elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/067—Mounting or locking missiles in cartridge cases
- F42B5/073—Mounting or locking missiles in cartridge cases using an auxiliary locking element
Abstract
A cartridge case and cartridge arrangement in which a metal base 13 is joined along an annular intermating chevron-shaped joint with a glass- reinforced plastic sleeve 16. The case has a propellant, projectile, and a percussive primer. A plurality of circumferentially spaced vent holes 17 are formed in the plastic sleeve along a portion of the chevron joint as an aid to reducing excessive interface friction loads at the chevron joint during firing of the cartridge. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Metal-plastic cartridge case and cartridge arrangement
This invention relates to a cartridge case having a metal base and a plastic sleeve connected through an interference joint formed thereby, and to a cartridge arrangement incporporating such case.
It is desirable to provide a combined plastic sleeve and metal base cartridge case and cartridge arrangement. However, the joint therebetween creates substantial problems in that such joints tend to fail under firing loads. It has particularly been found that in some important practical firing conditions where relatively large length wise expansion of the cartridge case can occur, such as where the propellant gas pressures cause the breech block and/or other portions of the cartridge chamber to yield and expand the firing chamber lengthwise and/or where the firing chamber has an initial large headspace enabling length wise expansion of the case during firing, an otherwise normally successful interference joint will fail in the plastic sleeve section due to excessive interface friction along the mating joint surfaces.
In accordance with the invention there is provided a cartridge case comprising a base, a sleeve connected to said base through a mechanical interlocking overlapping joint which forms an obturating seal under radially outward pressure exerted thereon, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially extending vent holes formed in the radially innermost of the overlapping portions of said joint to enable partial pressure equalization along a longitudinal portion only of said joint while enabling obturating circumferential sealing of the remaining portion of said joint.
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section view of a cartridge case and cartridge according to the invention, showing such in a cartridge chamber preparatory to firing.
Figure 2 is a fragmentary view of the cartridge and chamber similar to Figure 1, likewise preparatory to firing.
Figure 3 is a fragmentary view of the cartridge and chamber, illustrating schematically the action of the various parts during firing and resultant propellant gas pressurization.
Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary section view of the chevron joint, schematically illustrating the venting and friction relieving action of the vent holes along a portion of the joint during firing.
Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary section view of the plastic sleeve portion of the chevron joint showing the zone of interface frictional loading and sealing during firing and the frictionrelieving action effected by gases passing through the friction-reducing vent holes.
Referring now in detail to the Figures of the drawings, in the illustrative embodiment cartridge 11 has a metal-plastic cartridge case formed of a
metal base 13, a suitable metal being steel, brass, nickel, etc. and a plastic sleeve, suitable plastic materials being glass-reinforced nylon, polycarbonate, acetal resin or the like.
A projectile 21 of suitable desired configuration.
other desired main propellant charge 18 is ignitable by a conventional percussive or other desired primer 14 which is provided for igniting the main propellant charge, the illustrative example including an intermediate black powder charge 1 6 which may have a frangible cover 1 6a thereon.
In the illustrative embodiment the nose end of the projectile 21 is carried in a steel sleeve 27 within the bore 27b of which it rides during exit from the case 13, 1 5. Sleeve 27 has a radially extending end flange 27f which is pressed forwardly against the rear face of the weapon barrel 45 upon firing of the cartridge 11, and an annular obturating case seal 29 is provided to seal the propellant gases during the firing action. The nose end of the illustrative projectile is provided with a bore-riding nylon sleeve 25 and a multiple ring seal 23 which wedges along the tapered projectile surface to effect a seal with the bore 27b initially and subsequently with the barrel bore 45b.
The cartridge 11 is shown chambered in a firing chamber 43c formed in a firing chamber block 43, and removably secured in place by a pawl 31, with a breech block 41 through which a suitable firing pin 51 moves to percussively engage and fire the primer 14 and the propellant powder charges 16,
18.
The cartridge 11 as seated in the firing chamber 43c may or may not have an initial head space gap of significant size at the front and/or rear end of the cartridge 11 between the cartridge and either or both of the barrel rear shoulder 45s and the breech 41, and/or the breech block structure may itself permit a significantly large head space charge to be effected, and thereby effectively elongating the firing chamber, during firing and under the pressures of the propellant gases acting on the opposite end sections 13 and
1 5, 27 of the projectile.As a result the metal base
13 and plastic sleeve 1 5 are moved in opposite directions by the combined amount of any initial head space and the increase in head space through elongation of the firing chamber 43c under the pressures exerted during firing of the propellant charges 16, 1 8 to propel the projectile from the cartridge case and along the barrel bore 45b.
To this end it is desirable to provide a joint between the metal base 13 and the plastic sleeve which will not only withstand handling loads and acceleration loads during firing, but also will enable the relative longitudinal expansion movement between the metal base 1 3 and nylon sleeve 1 5 during firing without rupture or separation, while still effecting a sealed joint both prior to and during firing.
As an illustration of the overall head space which may be required to be accornmodated, in one chamber of approximately 13.25 inches length a head space charge of approximately .120 inch has been encountered.
To this end, it is important to minimize the incidence of failure at the metal base-plastic sleeve joint under these practical operating conditions where such may occur, and the present invention is directed to accomplish this object and purpose.
The metal base 13 is joined to the plastic sleeve 1 5 through an annular chevron joint which provides both good handling and acceleration load strength while providing an effective obturating gas seal during firing. In addition the joint enables frictional relief or reduction along a substantial extent of its length during firing to thereby enable the joint to accommodate the relative frictional sliding movement between the base 13 and sleeve 15 for head space accommodation and thereby minimizing the otherwise substantial likelihood of separation failure at the joint.
The chevron joint is formed by two annular interfacing intermating complementary annular step-like chevron surfaces 1 3ac and 1 5ac formed respectively on the forwardly facing rim lip 1 3a of the metal base 13 and the rear end surface 15a of the plastic sleeve 1 5. The chevron surfaces 1 3ac and 1 Sac are also generally tapered, and the plastic chevron section 1 Sac is the radially inboard one of the two sections, thereby enabling the plastic section to be obturated and into sealing relation with the stronger less yielding metal band therearound as formed by the inwardly facing chevron section 1 3ac of the metal base rim. In the assembled condition prior to firing the joint is mechanically stable and forms a secure mechanical interlocking connection.In addition, as above noted, the tapered inner chevron section 1 Sac will be obturated radially outwardly into continuing sealing contact with the metal base chevron section 1 3ac under the forces of the propellant gas pressures during firing of the cartridge 11 and propulsion of the projectile 21.
However, due to the problem of the requirements for accommodating initial and/or increase of head space in the firing chamber upon firing of the cartridge, the chevron joint has very substantial longitudinal tensile stresses exerted thereon, which desirably are accommodated by permitting longitudinal slippage along the chevron joint intermating sufaces. With the chevron joint as simply above-described the interface friction along the entirety of the length of the chevron surfaces 1 3ac and 1 Sac is so great as to seriously approach or exceed the strength of plastic materials, including those reinforced with glass or other suitable fibers.This problem is minimized by providing a polurality of radial vent holes 1 7 in the zone of the chevron surface 1 Sac spaced sufficiently away from the chevron zone 1 5at3 as to enable it to maintain an obturating seal with the corresponding chevron surface 1 3ac3 of the metal base chevron section 1 3ac, while enabling pressure equalizing passage of the pressurized propellant gases through the vent holes 1 7 to thereby relieve the friction forces along the adjoining chevron surface sections 1 3ac1, 1 3ac2 and 1 Sac 1, 1 Sac2. The total effect is to materially reduce the friction and mechanical surface area, and thereby reduce the resistive forces opposing sliding expansion of the chevron joint during firing, and to thus enable a substantially greater assurance of maintaining not only an effective gas seal at the joint but also to maintain the structural integrity and reduce the likelihood of failure of the case at this zone.
The action of the vented chevron joint 1 3ac, 1 Sac is shown schematically in enlarged form in
Figure 4, the venting separation action being exaggerated for clarity of illustration. Figure 5 illustrates the zone of resultant obturating seating 1 5ac3 and normal frictional and mechanical locking resistance to relative longitudinal sliding separation movement between the base 13 and the sleeve 1 5 during firing.
It will be noted that the vent holes are shown as being approximately midway of the two chevron sections 1 sacs and 1 5ac2. The illustration in
Figure 4 shows schematically the radial deformation at 1 Sad of the plastic sleeve 1 5 which results from obturating deformation of the sleeve 1 5 outwardly against the metal base in the zone of sealing chevron zones 1 3ac3, 1 Sac3.
Likewise, Figure 4 schematically shows the resultant elongation movement positioning of the base 13 and sleeve 1 5 joint sections 1 3ac, 1 Sac, resulting in a gap into which a small radial obturating convex deformation of the sleeve 1 5 may occur, as shown.
It will thus be appreciated that a metal-plastic cartridge case and cartridge construction is provided which not only provides a good interface joint seal which has strength for withstanding handling and acceleration loads, but also has provision for automatically reducing the joint interlock resistive action during firing, and this minimizes and materially reduces the likelihood of joint failure during firing, where large head space expansion is involved.
While the invention has been illustrated and described with reference to a single illustrative example, it will be apparent that various modifications and improvements may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited by the particular illustrative embodiment, but only by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A cartridge case comprising a base, a sleeve connected to said base through a mechanical interlocking over-lapping joint which forms an obturating seal under radially outward pressure exerted thereon, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially extending vent holes formed in the radially innermost of the overlapping portions of said joint to enable partial pressure equalization along a longitudinal portion only of said joint while enabling obturating circumferential sealing of the remaining portion of said joint.
2. A cartridge case according to Claim 1, in which the base if formed of metal and the sleeve is formed of a plastic material.
3. A cartridge case according to Claim 2, in which the sleeve is formed of a fiber-reinforced cured plastic resin.
4. A cartridge case according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the mechanical interlocking overlaping joint comprises overlapping interfacing annular chevron surfaces formed on each of the base and the sleeve, the vent holes being formed in the zone of and extending through the outwardly facing innermost one of said chevron surfaces.
5. A cartridge case according to Claim 4, in which the base has a longitudinally extending annular rim or lip, a portion of which has formed thereon one of the interfacing annular chevron surfaces forming the joint.
6. A cartridge case according to Claim 5, in which the base rim or lip is tapered at its end zone, and the chevron surface is formed along said tapered end zone, the interfacing sleeve chevron surface being complementarily tapered.
7. A cartridge case according to Claim 6, in which the sleeve is disposed radially inboard of the base in the zone of the joint and has its chevron surface facing radially outwardly and having the vent holes formed therein.
8. A cartridge case substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
9. A cartridge comprising a cartridge case according to any one of the preceding claims, a projectile carried by said case, a propellant powder charge disposed within said case, and means for igniting said propellant powder charge.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2078079A | 1979-03-15 | 1979-03-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2044416A true GB2044416A (en) | 1980-10-15 |
| GB2044416B GB2044416B (en) | 1982-10-13 |
Family
ID=21800538
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8008385A Expired GB2044416B (en) | 1979-03-15 | 1980-03-12 | Metalplastic cartridge case and cartridge arrangement |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55131700A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1165179A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH636191A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3009286A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2451564B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2044416B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL59541A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1127397B (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4691638A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1987-09-08 | Honeywell Inc. | Cased telescoped ammunition |
| EP0526317A1 (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-02-03 | CTA International | Telescopic ammunition cartridge |
| GB2287775A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1995-09-27 | Royal Ordnance Plc | Ammunition cartridge cases |
| US5563365A (en) * | 1993-08-09 | 1996-10-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Case base/combustible cartridge case joint |
| WO1997025586A1 (en) * | 1996-01-04 | 1997-07-17 | Dineen John J | Case base/combustible cartridge case joint |
| WO2003036222A1 (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2003-05-01 | Armtec Defense Products Co. | Ammunition round assembly with combustible cartridge case |
| US6752084B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2004-06-22 | Amtech, Inc. | Ammunition articles with plastic components and method of making ammunition articles with plastic components |
| US6901866B2 (en) | 2001-11-27 | 2005-06-07 | Armtec Defense Products Company | Combustible cased telescoped ammunition assembly |
| US7059234B2 (en) | 2003-05-29 | 2006-06-13 | Natec, Inc. | Ammunition articles and method of making ammunition articles |
| US8430033B2 (en) | 2006-04-07 | 2013-04-30 | Armtec Defense Products Co. | Ammunition assembly with alternate load path |
| US9470485B1 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2016-10-18 | Victor B. Kley | Molded plastic cartridge with extended flash tube, sub-sonic cartridges, and user identification for firearms and site sensing fire control |
| US9921017B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-03-20 | Victor B. Kley | User identification for weapons and site sensing fire control |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60141930A (en) * | 1983-12-28 | 1985-07-27 | Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd | Loading weight display device for hydraulic shovel |
| JPS60102436A (en) * | 1984-06-23 | 1985-06-06 | Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd | Loading weight displayer for oil-pressure shovel |
| DE19749486A1 (en) * | 1997-11-08 | 1999-05-12 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Connection of pipe sections of combustible propellant sleeves |
| US8146502B2 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2012-04-03 | Armtec Defense Products Co. | Combustible cartridge cased ammunition assembly |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1470591A (en) * | 1920-04-20 | 1923-10-16 | Behar Manoel Felix | Gun and ammunition therefor |
| BE420894A (en) * | 1936-04-03 | |||
| FR899552A (en) * | 1942-11-13 | 1945-06-05 | Oerlikon Buehrle Ag | Cartridge for automatic cannon |
| DE1578027A1 (en) * | 1964-03-18 | 1970-08-27 | Giuseppe Negrello | Cartridge for hunting and combat weapons |
| DE2705235A1 (en) * | 1977-02-08 | 1978-08-17 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Lightweight cartridge with metal base and bullet - has plastics tube held in base and with crimped bullet |
-
1980
- 1980-02-25 CA CA000346369A patent/CA1165179A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-03-06 IL IL59541A patent/IL59541A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-03-07 DE DE19803009286 patent/DE3009286A1/en active Granted
- 1980-03-11 JP JP3151180A patent/JPS55131700A/en active Pending
- 1980-03-12 GB GB8008385A patent/GB2044416B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-03-13 IT IT48148/80A patent/IT1127397B/en active
- 1980-03-14 FR FR8005830A patent/FR2451564B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-03-14 CH CH202080A patent/CH636191A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4691638A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1987-09-08 | Honeywell Inc. | Cased telescoped ammunition |
| EP0526317A1 (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-02-03 | CTA International | Telescopic ammunition cartridge |
| FR2679993A1 (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-02-05 | Giat Ind Sa | AMMUNITION, ESPECIALLY OF THE TELESCOPE TYPE. |
| US5563365A (en) * | 1993-08-09 | 1996-10-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Case base/combustible cartridge case joint |
| GB2287775A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1995-09-27 | Royal Ordnance Plc | Ammunition cartridge cases |
| WO1997025586A1 (en) * | 1996-01-04 | 1997-07-17 | Dineen John J | Case base/combustible cartridge case joint |
| US6752084B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2004-06-22 | Amtech, Inc. | Ammunition articles with plastic components and method of making ammunition articles with plastic components |
| US6845716B2 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2005-01-25 | Natec, Inc. | Ammunition articles with plastic components and method of making ammunition articles with plastic components |
| US6748870B2 (en) | 2001-10-22 | 2004-06-15 | Armtec Defense Products Company | Ammunition round assembly with combustible cartridge case |
| WO2003036222A1 (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2003-05-01 | Armtec Defense Products Co. | Ammunition round assembly with combustible cartridge case |
| US6901866B2 (en) | 2001-11-27 | 2005-06-07 | Armtec Defense Products Company | Combustible cased telescoped ammunition assembly |
| US7059234B2 (en) | 2003-05-29 | 2006-06-13 | Natec, Inc. | Ammunition articles and method of making ammunition articles |
| US9470485B1 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2016-10-18 | Victor B. Kley | Molded plastic cartridge with extended flash tube, sub-sonic cartridges, and user identification for firearms and site sensing fire control |
| US9891030B1 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2018-02-13 | Victor B. Kley | Molded plastic cartridge with extended flash tube, sub-sonic cartridges, and user identification for firearms and site sensing fire control |
| US8430033B2 (en) | 2006-04-07 | 2013-04-30 | Armtec Defense Products Co. | Ammunition assembly with alternate load path |
| US9921017B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-03-20 | Victor B. Kley | User identification for weapons and site sensing fire control |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2451564B1 (en) | 1985-09-27 |
| FR2451564A1 (en) | 1980-10-10 |
| JPS55131700A (en) | 1980-10-13 |
| CH636191A5 (en) | 1983-05-13 |
| IL59541A (en) | 1984-07-31 |
| DE3009286A1 (en) | 1980-09-25 |
| CA1165179A (en) | 1984-04-10 |
| DE3009286C2 (en) | 1987-03-12 |
| IT8048148A0 (en) | 1980-03-13 |
| IT1127397B (en) | 1986-05-21 |
| GB2044416B (en) | 1982-10-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19950312 |