GB2043235A - Automotive vehicle compartment heating apparatus - Google Patents
Automotive vehicle compartment heating apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2043235A GB2043235A GB8003507A GB8003507A GB2043235A GB 2043235 A GB2043235 A GB 2043235A GB 8003507 A GB8003507 A GB 8003507A GB 8003507 A GB8003507 A GB 8003507A GB 2043235 A GB2043235 A GB 2043235A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- air
- heating
- engine
- heating unit
- casing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00314—Arrangements permitting a rapid heating of the heating liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus is disclosed for heating the compartment of an automotive vehicle.The apparatus (10) comprises a casing having an air passage opening into the vehicle compartment, an electric fan (12) disposed in the casing for producing an air stream along the air passage, and a heat exchanger (14) disposed in the casing for transferring heat from engine coolant to the air passing it. A heating unit (16) is disposed in the casing and comprised of a container (161) containing therein an oxidation catalyzer (163), and an electric heater (165) for heating the catalyzer to its activation temperature. An air/fuel mixture is supplied to the heating unit (16) where it is oxided to produce heat. Means is provided for energizing the electric heater (165) when the temperature of engine coolant is below a predetermined level. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Automotive vehicle compartment heating apparatus
This invention relates to a heating apparatus for use in an automotive vehicle and, more particularly, to such a heating apparatus including a catalyzer contained heating unit for higher heating performance during start-up and warm-up operations of the engine of the vehicle.
Heating of the compartment of an automotive vehicle has normally been accomplished by a heating apparatus of the hot-water type which includes an electric fan producing an air stream into the compatment and a heat exchanger fed with engine coolant and located in the air stream for blowing hot air into the compartment. With such a heating apparatus, however, its usefulness is limited before the engine coolant temperature is fully raised.
Accordingly, the need has been particularly in cold districts for a new and improved heating apparatus which becomes effective in a short time after it becomes operative.
As an alternative heating apparatus, a petroleum burner or the like has been installed in an automotive vehicle for heating its compartment. This alternative, however, requires a special safety measure to avoid the possibility of fire.
In view of the foregoing, a general object of the invention is to provide a new and improved heating apparatus for use in an automotive vehicle which avoids or eliminates many of the limitations and drawbacks inherent in previous designs.
Another object of the present invention is to
provide a heating apparatus of the character described which has an immediate heating performance.
Another object of the present invention is to
provide a heating apparatus of the character described which is operable without the danger of fire.
Still another object of the present invention is to
provide a heating apparatus of the character described which is relatively simple and compact in
design.
Still another object of the present invention is to
provide a heating apparatus of the character de
scribed which can reduce the period of engine warm-up.
For a better understanding of the invention, as
well as other objects and further features thereof,
reference is had to the following detailed description
of the invention to be read in connection with the
accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a heating appar
atus constructed in accordance with the present
invention which is compatible with a petrol engine;
Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the
heating unit of the apparatus shown in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a circuit diagram showing the control
circuit of the apparatus shown in Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a schematic view of a heating appar
atus of the present invention which is compatible
with a diesel engine; and
Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the heating unit of the apparatus of Figure 4.
Referring now to Figure 1,the reference numeral I designates a petrol engine installed in an automotive vehicle. Air to the engine 1 is introduced through an air filter 2, the induction passage 3 of a fuel supply means 4 such as a carburetor, and an engine manifold intake passage 5. Exhaust gases from the engine 1 are discharged through an engine manifold exhaust passage 6 to atmosphere.
Designated generally at 10 is a hot-watertype heating apparatus of the present invention which is intended for use with such a petrol engine. In Figure 1, the heating apparatus is schematically shown with parts removed for clear illustration of the basic structure thereof. The heating apparatus 10 comprises an electric fan 12 for producing an air stream into the vehicle compartment (not shown), a heat ex changer 14through which engine coolant flows to transfer heat to the air stream, and a heating unit 16 located upstream of the heat exchanger 14.
As shown in more detail in figure 2, the heating unit 16 comprises a vessel 161 having a number of heat radiation fins 162 extending outwardly therefrom. The vessel 161 may be formed of metal or any other suitable heat-resistive material. The vessel 161 contains an oxidation catalyzer 163 supported at its opposite ends by a pair of wire nets of porous-plates 164 located in spaced relationship within the vessel 161. An electric heater 165 projects into the catalyzer 163 for heating it. The catalyzer 163 may be of the pellet type comprising noble metals such as platinum and/or palladium with its activation temperature ranging between 250"C and 300"C so that part of the catalysts around the electric heater 165 can become active in an extremely short time after the heater 165 is powered.Furthermore, the catalyzer 163 may be of a honeycomb structure. The electric heater 165 activates part of the catalyzer 163 around it to cause oxidation of an air/fuel mixture introduced in the heating unit 16, which in turn activates the whole catalyzer 163 to cause more powerful oxidation of the air/fuel mixture. The heat produced by the oxidation is transferred to the air passing between the heat radiating fins 162. The catalyzer 163 is of the fast response type which carries out oxidation immediately when exposed to an air/fuel mixture and stops oxidation immediately when isolated from the air/fuel mixture even above its activation temperature.
Referring back to Figure 1,the heating unit 16 has
its inlet 166 communicating with an inlet conduit 20 which is connected through a solenoid operated control valve 22 to the outlet side of a metering
restriction 24. The inlet side of the metering restriction 24 communicates with an air conduit 26 having therein an air bleed 28 and opening into the induction passage 3 downstream of the air filter 2
and also with a fluid conduit 30 having therein an
orifice 32 and leading to the fuel supply means 4. In this arrangement, air is delivered through the air
bled 28 from the induction passage 3 and mixed with
fuel fed through the orifice 32 from the fuel supply
means 4 and the resulting air/fuel mixture is metered
by the metering restriction 24.The control valve 22
shuts offthe mixture flow to the heating unit 16 when de-energized and permits it when energized.
The air/fuel ratio of the mixture introduced to the heating unit 16 may be roughly controlled as long as it is maintained over-rich in terms of fuel.
The outlet 167 of the heating unit 16 communicates with an outlet conduit 40 which opens at the other end into the engine manifold intake passage 5 so that gases produced in the heating unit 16 can be drawn into the engine manifold intake passage 5 under vacuum developed therein. This eliminates the need for a gas exhaust pump and serves to warm the engine manifold intake passage, aiding in atomizing fuel therein. Alternatively, the other end of the outlet conduit 40 may be connected through a check valve 42 to the engine manifold exhaust passage 6, as shown by the phantom lines of Figure 1,so that gases produced in the heating unit 16 can be drawn into the engine manifold exhaust passage 6 by exhaust gas pulsations therein. This avoids any adverse effect on engine performance even if a large heating unit discharging a large amount of gases is used.
Referring to Figure 3, a DC power source 50 such as a battery installed in the automotive vehicle has its negative terminal grounded and its positive terminal connected through an ignition switch 52 and a heater switch 54 to one end of the motor .winding of the electric fan 12. The positive terminal of the power source 50 is also connected through the ignition switch 52 and the heater switch 54 to a coolant temperature responsive switch 56 which in turn is connected to the solenoid of the control valve 22 and also to the electric heater 165. The coolant temperature responsive switch 56 is mounted on the engine 1, as shown in Figure 1, which is held on when the temperature of engine coolant is below a predetermined level and is switched off when the predetermined coolant temperature is reached.The reference temperature for the coolant temperature responsive switch 56 may be suitably selected in the range of 50"C to 80"C at which engine coolant flowing through the heat exchanger 14 can provide satisfactory compartment heating performance.
The operation of the heating apparatus of the present invention is as follows. If it is assumed that the heater switch 54 is turned on just after the ignition switch 52 is turned on and the temperature of engine coolant is below the level predetermined for the coolant temperature responsive switch 56, the electric fan 12 starts rotating to produce an air stream as shown by thick arrows of Figure 1 and the coolant temperature responsive switch 56 is held on.
This causes opening of the control valve 22 to admit an air/fuel mixture to the heating unit 16 and also energization of the electric heater 165 to heat the catalyzer 163 to its activation temperature, causing oxidation of the air/fuel mixture charged in the
heating unit 16. The heat produced by the oxidation is trasferred to the air passing between the heat
radiating fins 162 so that hot air is introduced to the compartment to promptly heat it. The gases pro
duced are drawn through the outlet conduit 40 to the
engine manifold intake passage 5 under vacuum
developed therein or to the engine manifold exhaust passage 6 by exhaust gas pulsations generated therein.
The air stream heated by the heating unit 16 serves to heat the heat exchanger 14 for a prompt rise in engine coolant temperature and prompt engine warming-up during the engine start-up operation.
When the engine coolant temperature rises to the level predetermined for the coolant temperature responsive switch 56, it switches off. This causes closing of the control valve 22 to shut off the flow of air/fuel mixture to the heating unit 16 and also de-energization of the electric heater 165 so that there is no oxidation in the heating unit 16. At this time, the heater switch 54 is held on to continue rotation of the electric fan 12. The air stream produced by the electric fan 12 is heated by the heat exchanger 14 through which the engine coolant heated above the predetermined temperature flows.
To stop the heating of the compartment, the heater switch 54 may be turned off.
Referring to Figure 4, there is illustrated a heating apparatus of the present invention as applied to an automotive vehicle with a diesel engine 1'. Parts in
Figure 4 which are similar to those in Figure 1 have been given the same reference numeral. The chief difference between Figure 4 and the first described embodiment is that the inlet conduit 20 is connected upstream of the control valve 22 with a fuel conduit 60 leading from a fuel pump 62 and also with the air conduit 26 leading from the air filter 2. The fuel pump 62 has a supply of fuel through a conduit 64 for supplying fuel to each fuel injection valve (not shown) through a conduit 66. The fuel conduit 60 has therein a pressure governor 70, a flow metering restriction 72, and a fuel orifice 74. The air conduit 20 has therein the air bleed 28.In this arrangement, fuel is delivered from the fuel pump 62 through the pressure governor 70, flow metering restriction 72 and fuel orifice 74 and is mixed with air delivered from the air filter 2 through the air bleed 28. The control valve 22 cuts off the flow of the resulting air/fuel mixture to the heating unit 16 when deenergized and permits it when energized.
Provided upstream of the air filter 2 is a throttle valve 76 which is adapted to substantially close or somewhat open to allow a small volume rate of air flow to the air induction passage during engine start-up and warm-up operations. The throttle valve 76 may be located downstream of the air filter 2, as shown by the phantom lines of Figure 4. The throttle valve 76 is for developing, in the engine manifold intake passage, vacuum sufficient to draw burnt gases thereinto from the heating unit 16. The throttle valve 76 may be removed where the outlet conduit 40 opens into the exhaust passage 6 through the check valve 42.
The operating details of the heating apparatus of
Figure 4 is basically similar to that described with relation to Figure 1 except that fuel is supplied from a fuel pump 62 and will not be described further.
Referring to Figure 5, there is illustrated a modified form of the heating apparatus of the presentinven- tion where the heating unit 16 is disposed within the heat exchanger 14, e.g., within the lower tank 140 of the heat exchanger 14 for transferring heat to the engine coolant flowing through the heat exchanger 14to heat air passing the heat exchanger 14. This permits a prompt temperature rise of the engine coolant leading to fast engine warming-up and also provides an improved heating performance. This arrangement is compatible with the control circuit of
Figure 3.
A highly important advantage of the present invention is in the provision of a heating unit in a heating apparatus capable of providing a prompt heating performance. The heater unit provides a satisfactory heating performance even during engine start-up and warm-up operations when the engine coolant is at low temperature. the heating unit operates safely without the danger of gases burnt therein flowing into the vehicle compartment.
The heating unit directly or indirectly heats the engine coolant flowing through the associated heat exchanger. This is effective to warm up the engine in a short time after it starts. In addition, the heating unit consumes a minimum amount of fuel and occupies a minimum space.
While the operation of the heating unit is controlled only by an engine coolant temperature responsive switch 56 in the above embodiments, it is to be noted that an additional switch 80 may be provided in parallel with the coolant temperature responsive switch 56, as shown in the broken line of Figure 3, which is operable manually or automatically in accordance with the temperature of the vehicle compartment. This is useful particularly in cold districts for increasing the heating performance of the heating apparatus.
Claims (13)
1. An apparatus for heating the compartment of an automotive vehicle installed with an internal combustion engine, comprising:
(a) a casing defining therein an air passage opening into said vehicle compartment;
(b) an electric fan disposed in said casing for producing an air stream along said air passage;
(c) a heat exchanger disposed in said casing for transferring heat from engine coolant to the air passing the same;
(d) a heating unit disposed in said casing, said heating unit including a container an oxidation catalyzer, and an electric heater for heating said catalyzer to its activation temperatures; and
(e) means for supplying a proper amount of fuel and air to said container of said heating unit.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, which further comprises first switch means responsive to the temperature of engine coolant, said first switch means being adapted to become conductive for connecting said electric heater to a source of power when the engine coolant temperature is below a predetermined level.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the temperature predetermined for said first switch means is in the range between 50"C and 80"C.
4. An apparatus according to claim 2 which further comprises second switch means connected in parallel with said first switch means.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said second switch means is manually operable.
6. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said second switch is automatically operable in accordance with the temperature of said vehicle compartment.
7. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said air/fuel mixture supply means includes a solenoid operated control valve adapted to open so as to allow the flow of air/fuel mixture to said container of said heating unit only when said first switch means is conductive.
8. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said container has its outlet communicating with the intake passage of said engine.
9. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said container has its outlet communicating through a check valve with the exhaust passage of said engine.
10. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said heating unit is located upstream of said heat exchanger for heating the air passing the same.
11. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said heting unit is located within said heat exchanger for heating the engine coolant flowing through said heat exchanger.
12. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said oxidation catalyzer is of the pellet type comprising platinum and/or palladium with its activation temperature ranging between 250"C and 300 C.
13. An apparatus for heating the compartment of an automotive vehicle substantially as described with reference to, and as illustrated in, Figures 1 to 3, or Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1461379A JPS55106812A (en) | 1979-02-09 | 1979-02-09 | Room heating device for automobile |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2043235A true GB2043235A (en) | 1980-10-01 |
| GB2043235B GB2043235B (en) | 1983-08-03 |
Family
ID=11866045
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8003507A Expired GB2043235B (en) | 1979-02-09 | 1980-02-01 | Automotive vehicle compartment heating apparatus |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55106812A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3004739A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2448445A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2043235B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2325732A (en) * | 1997-05-27 | 1998-12-02 | Denso Corp | Air conditioning apparatus for vehicles |
| GB2349690A (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-11-08 | Denso Corp | Air conditioner having electrical heating member integrated with a heating heat exchanger |
| US20130327842A1 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2013-12-12 | Websato SE | Electric heating, vehicle comprising an electric heating as well as method for controlling an electric heating |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT8521156V0 (en) * | 1985-03-19 | 1985-03-19 | Vezzoli Louis Alex | CATALYTIC HEATER, IN PARTICULAR FOR PASSENGERS OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND VESSELS. |
| SE453219B (en) * | 1986-05-14 | 1988-01-18 | Volvo Ab | HEATERS FOR HEATING THE SPACES, SEPARATELY PASSENGER SPACES IN VEHICLES AND SIMILAR |
| DE4026595A1 (en) * | 1990-08-23 | 1992-02-27 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | PASSENGER HEATING FOR VEHICLES |
| JPH04314613A (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1992-11-05 | Hitachi Ltd | Vehicle heating method, vehicle heater device using the same, catalyst used in this device, and vehicle with vehicle heater device |
| DE4230686A1 (en) * | 1992-09-14 | 1994-03-17 | Lothar Dipl Ing Griesser | Catalytic vehicle heating with petrol as fuel - uses air fan with petrol nozzle plus two catalysers with electric heater and heat exchanger |
| JP2005212651A (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-11 | Denso Corp | Vehicular auxiliary heating device |
| SE535775C2 (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-12-11 | Scania Cv Ab | Cooling arrangement in a vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine |
| FR3098282B1 (en) | 2019-07-02 | 2021-06-11 | Psa Automobiles Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HEATING THE INTERIOR OF HYBRID VEHICLES |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE540579C (en) * | 1931-12-24 | C F Plump Fa Kg | Device for motor vehicles for heating the vehicle interior by means of the cooling water or for cooling the cooling water | |
| US2155278A (en) * | 1934-06-28 | 1939-04-18 | Westinghouse Air Brake Co | Vehicle heating apparatus |
| FR807585A (en) * | 1935-07-24 | 1937-01-15 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Catalytic heater for airplanes, motor cars and the like |
| US2621857A (en) * | 1947-01-11 | 1952-12-16 | Howard H Wixon | Automobile heater |
| DE909301C (en) * | 1950-09-11 | 1954-04-15 | Eivind Bjerck | Device for warming up the cooling water of the engine and for heating the interior of a motor vehicle |
| DE1405364A1 (en) * | 1959-12-30 | 1969-09-04 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Air heater for vehicles |
| FR1317012A (en) * | 1962-03-07 | 1963-02-01 | Webasto Werk Baier Kg W | Heating installation for motor vehicles |
| DE1430758A1 (en) * | 1962-04-27 | 1968-11-28 | Daimler Benz Ag | Automotive heating |
| US3253641A (en) * | 1963-09-25 | 1966-05-31 | Gen Am Transport | Flameless combustion heaters of the catalytic type |
| US3440398A (en) * | 1967-01-30 | 1969-04-22 | Ford Motor Co | Control circuit for an electric heating system used in automotive vehicles |
| US3501257A (en) * | 1968-01-22 | 1970-03-17 | Chester W Hilton | Heater for automobile cooling system |
| JPS5026506B1 (en) * | 1969-07-07 | 1975-09-01 | ||
| DE2110182A1 (en) * | 1971-03-03 | 1972-09-21 | Fa. J. Eberspächer, 7300 Esslingen | Auxiliary heating for a motor vehicle with a water-cooled engine |
-
1979
- 1979-02-09 JP JP1461379A patent/JPS55106812A/en active Pending
-
1980
- 1980-02-01 GB GB8003507A patent/GB2043235B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-08 DE DE19803004739 patent/DE3004739A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-02-08 FR FR8002868A patent/FR2448445A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2325732A (en) * | 1997-05-27 | 1998-12-02 | Denso Corp | Air conditioning apparatus for vehicles |
| US6078024A (en) * | 1997-05-27 | 2000-06-20 | Denso Corporation | Air conditioning apparatus having electric heating member integrated with heating heat exchanger |
| GB2325732B (en) * | 1997-05-27 | 2001-01-17 | Denso Corp | Air conditioning apparatus having electric heating member integrated with heating heat exchanger |
| GB2349690A (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-11-08 | Denso Corp | Air conditioner having electrical heating member integrated with a heating heat exchanger |
| US6265692B1 (en) | 1999-03-19 | 2001-07-24 | Denso Corporation | Air conditioner having electrical heating member integrated with heating heat exchanger |
| GB2349690B (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2002-10-09 | Denso Corp | Air conditioner having electrical heating member integrated with heating heat exchanger |
| US20130327842A1 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2013-12-12 | Websato SE | Electric heating, vehicle comprising an electric heating as well as method for controlling an electric heating |
| US9694649B2 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2017-07-04 | Webasto SE | Electric heating, vehicle comprising an electric heating as well as method for controlling an electric heating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3004739A1 (en) | 1980-08-14 |
| FR2448445A1 (en) | 1980-09-05 |
| JPS55106812A (en) | 1980-08-16 |
| GB2043235B (en) | 1983-08-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |