GB2043059A - Furochromones - Google Patents

Abstract

A furochromone of the formula <IMAGE> wherein A is -CH=CR13-, -CX=CR14, -C[CH2S(O)nR10]=-C(CH3)-, -CH2-CHR14- or -CHR17-, in which n is zero, one or 2; R10 is C1-5 alkyl; R13 is isopropyl, C4-8 alkyl, (C1-7 alkoxy)methyl, (C1-7 alkylthio)methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted phenoxymethyl or phenylthiomethyl in which any substituents are selected from chlorine, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, C1-3 alkyl and C1-3 alkoxy, C3-10 cycloalkyl, (C1-5 alkylthio)methyl, (C1-5 alkylsulfinyl)methyl, (C1-5 alkylsulfonyl)methyl or -CH2NR8R9 in which either R8 and R9 are the same or different and are each hydrogen, C1-12 alkyl or C6-12 aryl or NR8R9 is an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated C2-7 heterocyclic ring with up to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, and from 4 to 8 atoms in the ring, any substituents being selected from C1-4 alkyl, (C1-7 alkoxy)methyl, (C1-7 alkylthio)methyl, C1-4 hydroxyalkyl and phenyl; R14 is hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, (C1-7 alkoxy)methyl, (C1-7 alkylthio)methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted phenoxymethyl or phenylthiomethyl as defined above or C3-10 cycloalkyl; R17 is hydrogen or C1-8 alkyl; and X is chlorine, bromine or iodine; one of R3 and R4 is methoxy and the other is hydrogen or methoxy, provided that R13 is not -CH2NR8R9 when R4 is hydrogen; and one of R20 and R21 is hydrogen and the other is hydroxy when A is -CH2-CHR14- or R20 and R21 together are oxo when A is not -CH2-CHR14-; or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof when R13 is -CH2NR8R9.

Description

SPECIFICATION Furochromones The present specification relates to novel compounds related to the known pharmacological agent, khellin, also known as visammin.

Chemically khellin is a furochromone, and is trivially named 7-methyl-4,9-dimethoxyfurochrome. Khellin and related furochromones are naturally-occurring substances and have been used in crude form as pharmacological agents for centuries. Khellin is an extract from the plant Ammi visnaga. This plant grows wild in Eastern Mediterranean countries. Besides khellin, Ammi visnaga is also a source of at least three other known and characterised furochromones, specifically visnagin (7-methyl-4-methoxyfurochromone), khellinin (7-glu coyloxymethyl-4-methoxyfurochromone) and ammiol (7-hydroxymethyl-4, 9-dimethoxyfurochromone).

In Ammi visnaga, khellinin and khellin are ordinarily present in approximately equal amounts, while visnagin and ammiol are present only as minor or insignificant constituents. Moreover, khellinin has been reported to be of no therapeutic interest, notwithstanding the wide variety of known therapeutic uses for khellin. See, for example, Anrep et al., "The Coronary Vasodilator Action of Khellin", in the American Heart Journal 37: 531-542 (1949), where the biological action of visnagin is reported as being similar to that of khellin, but that khellinin is somewhat less potent than khellin.

As indicated above, khellin exhibits a wide variety of pharmacological actions, rendering this compound a useful agent for numerous pharmacological purposes. For a comprehensive, but somewhat dated, review of the chemistry and physiological action of khellinrelated products, see the reports of Huttrer, C.P., et al., Chem. Revs. 48:543-79 (1951) and Aubertin, E., J. Med. Bordeaux 127:819-23 (1950).

One principal action of khellin is its ability to induce relaxation of smooth muscle tissues.

Particularly, khellin is known as a potent dilator of coronary blood vessels. This potent coronary vasodilator activity of khellin renders the compound useful in the treatment of angina pectoris and other diseases characterized by coronary artery insufficiency. For a description of the use of khellin in the treatment of such diseases, see Osher, H.L., et al., "Khellin in the Treatment of Angina Pectoris", The New England Journal of Medicine 244:315 (1951). Also the effects of enteric-coated khellin on coronary artery insufficiency is reported by Best, M.M., et al., J. Med. Sci 222:35-9 (1951). The ability of khellin to relax smooth muscle also extends to gastrointestinal smooth muscle where khellin has been demonstrated to inhibit peristalsis, thus indicating antidiarrhetic potential. See Ramond-Hamet, Compt.

Rend. 238:1624-6 (1954). Khellin may also be useful for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders exhibiting a spasmotic component, as suggested by Anrep, G.V., et al., cited above. Further the antispasmotic effects of khellin on the urethra is reported by Colombo, G., et al., Arch. Sci. Med. 97:71 (1954) and Monlorse, W., et al., Presse Med. 63:81 (1955).

The antispasmotic action of khellin also extends to bronchial smooth muscle, rendering khellin useful in the treatment of asthma and other hypoxic pulmonary diseases. In this regard, see Silber, E.N., et al., "The Effect of Khellin on Cardio-Pulmonary Function in Chronic Pulmonary Disease", published in 1951; Anrep, G.V., et al., "Therapeutic Uses of Khellin", The Lancet, April 26, 1947, pages 557-8.

Khellin has also been reported to exert a hypotensive effect in humans by Jordan, H., Arzneimmittel-Forsch 8:141-3 (1958), and 7:82-5 (1957). An additional account of the hypotensive effect of khellin is provided by Lian C., ket al., Acta. Cardiol. (Brussels) 5:373-88 (1950). With respect to overall cardiac effects, however, khellin has been reported to exert a cardiac depressive activity, while khellinin is reportedly a cardiac stimulant. In this regard see Samaan, K., et al., J.

Roy. Egypt Med. Assoc. 33:953 (1950) and J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1:538-44 (1949).

In addition to its effect on gastrointestinal smooth muscle reported above, khellin is also known as a gastric antisecretory and antiulcer agent. In this regard, the gastric antisecretory activity of khellin is reported by Hans, M.J., et al., Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. 150:1806-7 (1956) and 150:598-9 (1956).

Numerous other miscellaneous properties of khellin are also reported. For an account of its anthelminic activity see Boytop, O.T., Folia, Pharm. (Turkey) 1:48-9 (1949). For an ac count of the CNS depressant activity of khellin see Chen, G., Proc. Soc. Expetl. Biol. Med.

78:306-7 (1951). For an account of the cytostatic activity of khellin see Apfsel, C.A., Deut, Med. Wochschr. 80:414-16 (1955).

Finally, the spermacidal action of khellin is reported by Swayne, V.R., et al., Aman, J.

Pharm. 125:295-8 (1953).

Atherosclerosis in mammals is a disease characterized by the deposition of atheroscler otic plaque on arterial walls. While atheroscle rosis exhibits many varied forms and conse quences, typical consequences of atheroscler otic diseases include angina pectoris, myocar dial infarction, stroke and transient cerebral ischemic attachs. Other forms of atherosclero tic diseases include certain peripheral vascular diseases and other ischemias (e.g., bowel and renal).

Medical science now recognizes that certain forms of atherosclerosis may be preventable or reversible. Agents capable of preventing or reversing atherosclerosis are characterized as exhibiting antiatherosclerotic activity. Since serum lipids have a recognized association with atherogenesis, an important class of antiatherosclerotic agents are those with serum lipid-modifying effects. Serum lipids implicated in atherogenesis include serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and serum lipoproteins.

With respect to serum lipoproteins, at least three different classes of these substances have been characterized: high density lipoproteins (HDL's), low density lipoproteins (LDL's), and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL's).

HDL's are often referred to as alphalipoproteins, while LDL's and VLDL's are referred to as betalipoproteins. The enhancement of HDL levels (hyperalphalipoproteinemic activity) is postulated to have direct antiatherosclerotic effects. See Eaton, R.P., J. Chron. Dis.

31:131-135 (1978). In contrast, agents which reduce serum LDL's and serum VLDL's (hypobetalipoproteinemic agents) are also associated with antiatherogenic effects. See Haust, M.D., "Reaction Patterns of Intimal Mesenchyme to Injury and Repair in Atherosclerosis:, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 43:35-57 (1974), which postulates that serum LDL is a factor in atherosclerotic lesion formation.

Numerous animal models have been developed for assessing antiatherogenic activity.

Principal among these are models for assessing hypobetalipoproteinemic activity in the rat, antiatherosclerotic activity in the Japanese quail, and lipoprotein modifying activity in the monkey. For a description of the operation of the hypobetalipoproteinemic rat model, refer to the known methods of Schurr, P.E., et al., "High Volume Screening procedure for Hypobetalipoproteinemia Activity in Rats"; Adv.

Exp. Med. Biol. 67: Atherosclerotic Drug Discovery, pp. 215-229, Plenum Press (1975).

For a description of the Japanese quail model, see Day, C.E., et al., "Utility of a Selected Line (SEA) of the Japanese Quail (Coturnic Coturnix japonica) for the Discovery of New Anti-Atherosclerosis Drugs", Laboratory Animal Science 27:817-821 (1977).

A suitable primate model for assessing antiatherosclerotic activity of chemical compounds is found in the cynomolgus monkey. In these animals base-line values for VLDL's, LDL's, and HDL's can be determined by controlling diet over a period of several weeks and sampling plasma daily. After establishing control values, the effects of drug treatment are assessed by administering by gavage with a predetermined series of doses of test compounds for a similar period (e.g., two weeks).

4,9-Dimethoxyfurochromones are known in the art. Such known compounds include 7ethyl, 7-phenyl, 7-propyl, and 7-ethoxycarbonyl analogs described by Schonberg, A. et al., JACS 72:1611-17(1950); 7-y-pyridyl analogs, described by Shonberg, A., JACS 77:5439 (1955); 7-furanyl analogs, described by Musante, C., et al., Pharmaco. (Pavie) Ed.

Sci. 1 5:81-94 (1 960); 7-carboxyaldehyde analogs, described by Mustafa, A., et al., J.

Org. Chem. 26:86 (1961). Also, 6-substi tuted-4,9-d imethoxyfurochromones are known. See, for example, the compounds described by Hamed, Abu-Schady, UAR J.

Pharm. Sci. 11:283 (1970).

4-Methoxy-7-aminomethylenefurochro- mones are also known in the art. See Abm Shady, H., et al, J. Pharm, Belg. 33:397 (1978).

Known halofurochromones include 6-chloromethyl- and 6-iodomethyl-furochromones (see Hamed, Abu-Schadz, UAR J. Pharm. Sci., 11:283, 1970) and 6,7-dihalo-6,7-dihydrofurchromones (see Fabbrini, Ann. Chim.

(Rome), 46:130 (1956)).

The novel compounds of this invention are furochromones of formula VI wherein A is: (a) -CH=CR13-; (b) -CX = XR,4-; (c) -CHR" = C(CH3)-; (d) -CH2-CHR,4-; (e) -CHR,7-; wherein R" is -CH2SR10, or-CH2SOR,O, or -CH2(SO2)R,o, wherein R,o is alkyl of one to 5 carbon atoms, inclusive; wherein R,4 is: (a) hydrogen; (b) alkyl of one to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive; (c) alkoxymethyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive; (d) alkylthioalkyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive; (e) trifluoromethyl; (f) phenoxymethyl; (g) phenylthiomethyl; (h) phenoxymethyl or phenylthiomethyl sub stituted by chloro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, alkyl of one to 3 carbon atoms or alkoxy of one to 3 carbon atoms; or (i) cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, inclusive; wherein R,3 is: (a) isopropyl; (b) alkyl of 4 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive; (c) alkoxymethyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive; (d) alkylthiomethyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive; (e) trifluoromethyl; (f) phenoxymethyl; (g) phenylthiomethyl; (h) phenoxymethyl or phenylthiomethyl sub stituted by chloro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, alkyl of one to 3 carbon atoms, or alkoxy of one to 3 carbon atoms; (i) cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, inclusive; (j) -CH2-S-R,O, -CH2-SO-R,o, or -CH2-S02-R,o, wherein R10 is alkyl or one to 5 carbon atoms, inclusive; or (k) -CH2NR8Rg, wherein Rs and R9 are hy drogen, alkyl of one to 1 2 carbon atoms, inclusive, or alkyl or 6 to 1 2 carbon atoms, inclusive, being the same or different, or wherein R8 and R9, taken together with N, form a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic amine ring consisting of from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, inclusive, and zero, one, or 2 addi tional hetero aroms, with the proviso that said heterocyclic amine ring contains 4 to 8 atoms in the ring, said additional hetero atoms being selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, said heterocyclic amine ring being optionally substituted by alkyl of one to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, alkylthiome thyl or alkoxymethyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, hydroxyalkyl of one to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, or phenyl, with the proviso that R,3 is -CH2NR8Rg only when R4 is me thoxy; wherein R,7 is hydrogen or alkyl of one to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive; wherein one of R3 or R4 is methoxy and the other is methoxy or hydrogen; wherein X is chloro, iodo, or bromo; wherein R20 and R21, taken together form an oxo group or wherein one of R20 and R2, is hydroxy and the other is hydrogen, with the proviso that R20 and R2, taken together are in an oxo group only when A is not -CH2-CHR14 and and one of R20 and R2, is hydroxy only when A is -CH2-CHR,4-; and the pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts when R,4 is -CH2NR8R9.

Accordingly the present specification pro vides a 7-substituted furochromone when A is -CH = CR,3- in formula VI, i.e., the formula VII compound; a 6-halo-furochromone when A is -CX = XR,4- in formula VI, i.e., the formula VIII compound; a 6-S-substituted furo chromone when A is -CR" = C(CH3)- in for mula VI, i.e., the formula IX compound; a 5 hydroxy-6,7-dihydrofurochromone when A is -CH2-CHR,4- in formula VI, i.e., the formula X compound; and a benzodifuran when A is -CHR,7- in formula VI, i.e., the formula Xl compound.

The novel furochromones of formula VI and the khellin-related products of Ammi visnaga I are all characterized by pronounced antiather ogenic activity, rendering these compounds useful in the treatment and prophylaxis of atheroscherosis, atherogenic hyperlipoprotein emia (i.e., hypobetalipoproteinemia) and ath erogenic hypolipoproteinemia (i.e., hypoali phalipoproteinemia), and the untoward conse quences thereof. While these compounds ex hibit this useful pharmacological activity in both mammalian and non-mammalian species, the the use of these compounds in mammals, particularly humans, represents the intend ment of the disclosure herein.

The mammals susceptible to the develop ment of atherosclerotic diseases and the un toward consequences thereof are particularly those physically asymptomatic patents manifesting one or more risk factors known to predispose one to disease development. Such risk factors are high serum cholesterol and serum triglyerides, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and genetic predispostion. Mammals manifesting two or more risk factors are deemed to be especially susceptible to atherosclerotic diseases. The khellin-related products and furochromones of formula VI all exhibit pronounced oral pharmacologic activity. Accordingly, in using these compounds for the instant purposes, an oral route of administration, either by conventional oral dosage forms or by mixture with food or feed, represents the preferred method of their systemic administration.Alternatively, however, these compounds may be administered by other convenient routes of administration whereby systemic activity is obtained. These other routes of administration would, accordingly, include rectal, vaginal, subcutaneous, intravenous, and like routes.

In humans, the preferred route of administration is oral, in the form of capsules or tablets containing the khellin-related product or formula VI furochromone. Methods for the preparation of such oral dosage forms are known in the art. See, for example, the known formulations for khellin in the references hereinbefore described.

In order to obtain the instant pharmacologic activity of the antiatherogenic compounds in accordance with the instant specification, the patient or animal being treated must be given periodic doses of the khellin-related product or formula VI furochromone in amounts effective to reduce atherogenic serum lipoprnteins (e.g., betalipoproteins) or selectively enhance levels of antiatherogenic serum lipoproteins (e.g., enhancing alphalipoprotein levels, while supporessing, or at least unaffecting, betalipoproteins levels). Such effective dosages are readily determined by methods known in the art. For example, small daily doses of the khellin-related product or formula VI furochromone (e.g., 50-100 mg) may be administered initially with higher succeeding doses until levels of atherogenic or antiatherogenic serum lipoproteinss are favorably affected.By this regimen, a compound is administered initially at doses as low as about 50 mg per patient per day, with increasing doses up to about 200 mg per patient per day. In the event the antiatherogenic response in a patient being treated at a dose of 200 mg per day is insufficient, higher doses are also contemplated in accordance with the present disclosure, providing patient tolerance permits further increases in dose.

While the preferred dosage regimen is with single daily dosing of patients, also preferred for obtaining more uniform serum levels of drug are multiple dosages per day (e.g., up to 4-6 times daily). Accordingly, when 4 daily doses of drug are to be administered, each such dose may be about 50 mg per patient per dose (200-300 mg per patient per dose), or higher depending on tolerance.

Similar doses are employed in non-human mammals, e.g., 1-5 mg/kg/day.

The khellin-related products referred to above are the antiatheroscherotically active substances of Ammi visnaga and specifically include the compounds of formulas Il-V.

The novel formula VII 7-substituted foruchromones are substituted at the C-7 position by R,3. R,3 has preferred values which are the same as R,4, discussed below, and -CH2N R8R9.

The novel formula VIII 6-halofurochromones are such by virtue of the substitution of halogen (chloro, bromo or iodo) for hydrogen at the C-6 position of the skeletal structure for khellin. These 6-halofurochromones are also optionally substituted by R,4 at the C-7 position, for example, by alkyl, alkoxymethyl, al kylthiomethyl, trifluoromethyl, phenoxymethyl, phenylthiomethyl, or cycloalkyl. Among these various R,4 substituents, preferred compounds are those wherein R,4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl (most especially methyl), methoxymethyl, methylthiomethyl, trifluoromethyl, phenoxymethyl, phenylthiomethyl, or hydroxymethyl. Of the above, most especially preferred are the compounds wherein R,4 is hydrogen or methyl.

The novel formula IX 6-S-substituted furochromones are substituted by R" at the C-6 position by alkylthiomethyl, alkylsulfinylmethyl, or alkylsulfonylmethyl. Among these various substituents, preferred compounds are those wherein R" is methylthiomethyl.

These formula X 5-hydroxy-6, 7-dihydro-fu- rochromones are substituted at the C-7 position by R,4, whose preferred values are described above.

Finally, benzodifurans of Formula Xl are substituted at the C-6 position by R,7. R,7 is hydrogen or alkyl. Among the various substituents at R,7, preferred compounds are where R,7 is hydrogen.

Examples of alkyl of one to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, and isomeric forms thereof.

Examples of alkoxymethyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, are methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, butoxymethyl, pentoxymethyl, hexoxymethyl, and heptoxymethyl, and isomeric forms thereof.

Examples of alkylthiomethyl are methylthiomethyl, ethylthiomethyl, propylthiomethyl, butylthiomethyl, pentylthiomethyl, hexythiomethyl, and heptylthiomethyl.

Examples of cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, inclusive, are cyciopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cy clodecyl.

Examples of alkyl of one to five carbons are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and pentyl and isomeric forms thereof.

Examples of alkyl or one to three carbons are methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-propyl, and isom eric forms thereof.

Examples of aryl of 6 to 1 2 carbon atoms, inclusive, are phenyl, a-naphthyl, ssnaphthyl, m-methylphenyl, p-trifluoromethylphenyl, and the like.

Examples of heterocyclic amines corresponding to heterocyclic amine rings according to -NR8Rg are: thiazolidine, 3-piperidine methanol, 2-piperidine methanol, piperadinic acid, 3-piperidine ethanol, 2-piperidine ethanol, 1 -piperazinepropanol, p-piperazinoacetoxyphenone, 4-phenyl-1 ,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 4-phenylpiperidine, proline 3-pyrolidinol, tetrahydrofurfurylamine, pyrrolidimethanol, 3-pyrroline, thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, thromorpholine, nipecstamide, morpholine, 2-methylpiperidine, 3-methylpiperidine, 4-methylpiperidine, N-methylpiperazine, and 1 -methylhomopiperazine.

The Charts A-F herein describe methods by which the novel formula VI furochromones are prepared. With respect to these charts X, R3, R4,R8, R9, Rao, R1, R13, R14, and R7 are as defined above.

The various novel 6-halofurochromones disclosed herein, including intermediates therefor, are all prepared by methods described in Charts A and B. With respect to these Charts, R.2 is Ra3 or R,4, but is oth,er than hydrogen.

X is chloro, bromo or iodo.

With respect to Chart A, the formula XXI compound, khellin or 4- or 9-desmethoxy kheliin is transformed to the formula XXII methylketone by hydrolysis under basic conditions. For example, aqueous potassium hydroxide at elevated temperatures is employed in this transformation in accordance with methods known in the art. See E. Spath and W. Gruber, Chem. Ber. 71:106(1938).

Thereafter, the formula XXII benzofuranol is transformed to the formula XXIII fi-diketone by a Claisen condensation with a carboxylic acid ester, wherein the carboxylic acid residue corresponds to the keto group being attached to the formula XXIII product. Accordingly, there is employed in the preparation of the formula XXIII compound a carboxylic acid ester of the formula R,2COOR2, wherein R2 is the ester residue (e.g., preferable a simple alkyl ester such as methyl or ethyl). The reaction proceeds conveniently in an organic solvent in the presence of sodium hydride, followed by treatment with alcoholic hydrochloric acid. Ordinarily, use of three of four equivalents of sodium hydride and two to three equivalents of the carboxylic acid ester per equivalent of formula XXII starting material is preferred.Further, the reaction proceeds in the minimum amount of the organic solvent necessary to solubilize the reactants. Ordinarily, an aprotic polar sovent such as tetrahydrofuran is conveniently employed.

However, in preparing the formula XXIII product R,2 is other than a low molecule weight (sterically small) residue; the ester itself, R,2COOR2, is employed as the reaction diluent.

In the production of the formula XXIV compound, the formula XXIII intermediate therefore is ordinarily not isolated, but rather directly subjected to an acid-catalyzed cyclodehydration to yield the formula XXIV furochromone. This cyclodehydration ordinarily proceeds in the presence of a mineral acid in an organic solvent, such as an alkanol (e.g., hydrochloric acid in methanol). However, in preparing the formula XXIV compound where R.2 is trifluoromethyl, the chlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g., chloroform) represent preferred reaction diluents.

The formula XXV compound is then prepared from the formula XXIV compound by decyclization with pyrrolidine. The reaction proceeds in the presence of several equivalents of pyrrolidine per equivalent of formula XXIV compound at elevated temperature (e.g., refluxing methanol).

Optionally the formula XXII I compound is transformed directly to the formula XXV compound by methods and reagents employed in the above transformation of the formula XXIV compound to the formula XXV compound.

This optional method is preferred only when R.2 is sterically bulky.

Thereafter, the formula XXVI halogenated product is recovered by first halogenation of the formula XXV compound by addition of the molecular halogen (e.g., bromine in chloroform), folowed by hydrolysis to yield the formula XXVI 6-halofurochromone. With regard to the halogenation step, other conventional sources of halogen are alternatively employed, e.g., the positive halogen sources such as the hypochlorites. With regard td the latter reaction, the addition of water to the halogenated product effects the desired hydrolysis and cyclodehydration.

When R,2 in Chart A is methyl, the formula XXVI compound is prepared directly from the formula XXI compound via the formula XXV pyrrolidyl intermediate.

Chart B provides a method whereby the 6halofurochromones disclosed herein wherein R,3 is hydrogen (i.e., the formula XXXIII compound) is prepared from the formula XXXI benzofuranol.

In accordance with Chart B the formula XXXI compound is treated with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal at elevated temperature to yield the formula XXXII enaminoketone. Thereafter, the formula XXXIII compound is prepared from the formula XXXI I compound by the method described in Chart A for the preparation of the formula XXVI compound from the formula XXV compound.

Chart C provides a preferred method whereby the formula XLI compounds of Chart A wherein R,2 is -CH2NR8Rg are prepared.

In accordance with the procedure of Chart C, the formula XLI compounds of Chart A wherein R,2 is -CH2-S-CH3 are employed as the formula XLI starting material. This formula XLI compound is then transformed to the formula XLII compound by treatment with methyl iodide in a chlorinated hydrocarbon, i.e., dichloromethane. The formula XLII compound thusly prepared is then transformed to the formula XLIII compound by treatment with the amine corresponding to the formula XLIII compound.

Chart D provides a method whereby the formula LI compound, prepared according to Chart A (formula XXIV), is transformed to the various 6-S-substituted furochromones of formulas Llil and LIV.

The formula LI compound is first transformed to the formula LII compound by treatment with methylfluorosulfonate fluoride (CH3OSO2F). The resulting sulfonium fluorosulfate (formula LII) is then transformed by the formula LIII compound by treatment with base (e.g., potassium hydroxide or potassium tbutoxide. The reaction proceeds conviently at ambient temperature in a suitable organic solvent (e.g., tetrahydrofuran and water).

The formula LIII furochromone thusly prepared is then optionally oxidized to the formula LIV sulfinyl or sulfonyl compound by methods known in the art. For example, the oxidation employs m-CBPA (metachloroperbenzoic acids) in a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent (e.g., dichloromethane).

Chart E provides a method whereby the formula LXI 6-bromofurochromone, prepared according to Chart B (the formula XXXIII compound) is transformed to the formula LXIV benzodifuran.

With respect to Chart E, R3, and R32 are defined such that NHR3,R32 represents a primary or secondary amine (e.g., pyrrolidine).

The formula LXII compound of Chart E is prepared from the formula LXI compound by reaction with a primary or secondary amine, i.e., NHR3,R32, in the presence of methyl cyanide and potassium carbonate.

The resulting formula LXII compound is then treated with concentrated mineral acid (e.g., 6N hydrochloric acid), to yield the for mula LXIII product.

This product is optionally alkylated to yield the formula LXIV compound by conventional methods, e.g., by treatment with the corresponding alkyl halide in the presence of base.

Chart F provides a method whereby the formula LXXI compound prepared according to Chart A (formula XXIV) is transformed to the formula LXII and LXI II 5-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-furochromone products.

The formula LXXI compound is transformed to the formula LXXI I compound by reduction.

The preferred method of reduction is by treatment of the formula LXXI compound with a borohydride reducing agent, especially sodium borohydride. The formula LXXI I compound is then epimerized at the C-S position to the formula LXXIII compound by methods known in the art for epimerization of hydroxyl groups, By one such method, the formula LXXI I compound is transformed to its alkyl or aryl sulfonate by reaction with the corresponding alkyl or aryl sulfonyl chloride in an amine solvent (e.g., pyridine). There is thusly prepared, for example, the mesylate or tosylate corresponding to the formula LXXI I compound.Thereafter, the epimerization is completed by reaction of the sulfonate with tetran-butyl ammonium acetate followed by treatment with a deacylating agent (e.g., potassium methoxide in methanol). See Baker, R., et al., JACS 1605:1965 or Corey, E.J., et al..

Chemical Communication 16:658 (1975).

According to the procedures described by the charts above, there are prepared each of the various furochromones of the present invention.

Pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts described in the specification are prepared by neutralization of the free base with the appropriate amount of inorganic or organic acid, examples of which are hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric. acidic, lactic, benzylic, salicyclic, glyolic, succinic, tartaric, maleic, malic, tymoic, cyclohexenesulfamic, citric and methanesulfonic acids and like acids. The neutralization can be carried out by a variety of procedures known to the art to be generally useful for the preparation of amine acid addition salts. The choice of most suitable procedure will depend on a variety of factors including convenience of operation, and particularly the solubility characteristics of the particular free base, the acid and the acid addition salt.If the acid is soluble in water, the free base can be dissolved in water containing an equivalent amount of the acid and thereafter the water can be removed by evaporation. In some instances, the salt precipitates from the aqueous solution, particularly when cooled and evaporation is not necessary. If the acid is soluble in a relatively non-porus solvent, for example, diethyl ether or diisopropyl ether, separate solutions of the acid and free base and such a solvent can be mixed in equal amounts whereupon the acid addition salt will usually precipitate because of its relatively low solubility in the non-porous solvent. Alternatively, the free base can be mixed with an equivalent amount of the acid in the presence of a solvent of moderate polarity, for example, a lower alkanol, lower alkanone, or a lower alkyl ester of a lower alkanoic acid.Examples of these solvents are ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, respectively. Subsequent admixture of the resulting solution of acid addition salt with a solvent of relatively low polarity, for example, diethyl ether or hexane, will usually cause precipitation of the acid addition salt.

The preparation of the novel furochromones of the instant specification is readily understood by the following examples: Example 1 6-Hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-5-benzofuranyl methyl ketone (Formula XXI compound of Chart A).

To a stirred solution of potassium hydroxide (193.2 9) in 1.5 1 of water, heated to 75"C, is added 300 g of khellin (formula XXI) in 50 9 portions over a period of 30 minutes. When khellin addition is complete, the resulting mixture is then heated to reflux for 2 hr and thereafter cooled to ambient temperature.

Concentrated hydrochloric acid (300 ml) is then added to the cooled solution and the resulting precipitate is collected by filtration and dried at ambient temperature in a vacumn for 1 8 hr. The resulting crude yellow solid is then recrystallized from one liter of methanol, yielding 251 9 of pure title product. Melting point is 99-100"C. Silica gel TLC Rf is 0.60 is hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1). The infrared absorptions are observed 3160, 3140, 1700, 1695, 1680, 1620, 1590, 1550, 1300, 1265, 1150, 1075, and 1060cm-1.

NMR absorptions are observed at 7.52, 6.91, 4.15,4.05,2.72, and 13.068(deuterochlo- roform solvent). The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 236, 221, 206, 203, 191, 175, 163, and 11 9. Carbon: hydrogen ratio is 60.65:5.15.

Example 2 7-Methoxymethyl-4, 9-dimethoxyfurochromone (Formula XXIV of Chart A: R3 and R4 are both methoxy and R,2 is methoxyumethyl).

To sodium hydride (20.1 g of a 50% dispersion in oil) and tetrahydrofuran (20 ml freshly distilled from lithium aluminum hydride), combined under a nitrogen atmosphere to form a slurry, are added dropwise a mixture of the formula XXII product of Example 1 (20 9), methyl methoxyacetate (26.4 g) and dry tetrahydrofuran (50 ml). after the addition is complete (1.5 hr) the reaction mixture is then heated on a steam bath for 1 5 min and cooled to ambient temperature. Thereupon excess sodium hydride is destroyed by careful addition of ice and water (300 ml). Washing with diethyl ether (600 ml) yields an arqueous layer which is diluted with methanol (100 ml) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (75 ml).

This mixture is then refluxed for 45 min and thereupon allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Upon extraction with methylene chloride (600 ml) the organic extracts are dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield solid (26.2 9). Recrystallization from methanol yields 18.33 9 of pure title product.

Melting point is 116-117"C. Silica gel TLC Rf is 0.57 in ethyl acetate. Infrared absorptions are observed at 3140, 3120, 1665, 1645, 1620, 1550, 1485, 1370, 1360, 1125, 1105, 1075, 1060, 885, and 870 cm-'. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.66, 7.02, 6.30, 4.40, 4.21, 4.04, and 3.518 (deuterochloroform). The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 290, 275, 261, 246, 219, 201, and 287. The carbon:hydrogen ratio is 61.96:5.03.

Following the procedure of Example 2, but employing in place of methyl methoxyacetate corresponding methyl alkoxyacetates there are prepared the various formula XXIV 7-alkoxymethylfurochromones.

Example 3 7-Methylth iomethyl-4, 9-d i methoxyfurochro- mone (Formula XXIV of Chart A: R3 and R4 are both methoxy and R,2 is methylthiomethyl).

Following the procedure of Example 2, but employing ethyl 2-(methylthio)acetate, 56.5 g, in place of methyl methoxyacetate, there if prepared from the title product of Example 1 (50 9) 47.0 9 of pure title product as a tan solid. Melting point is 148-150"C. Silica gel TLC Rf is 0.63 is ethyl acetate. Infrared absorptions are observed at 1650, 1625, 1545, 1480, 1380, 1125, 1070, 1060, 845, and 760 cm-'. NMR obsorptions are observed at 7.19, 7.05, 6.18, 4.2, 4.05, 3.60, and 2.258 (deuterochloroform solvent).

The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 306, 291, 277, 259, 241, 231, 216, and 201.

Carbon : hydrogen : sulphur ratio is 58.87:4.76:10.62.

Following the procedure of Example 3, but substituting the appropriate methyl or ethyl 2 (alkylthio)acetate in place of ethyl 2-(methyl)acetate, there are prepared the corresponding formula XXIV compounds wherein R12 is alkylthiomethyl.

Example 4 7-Phenylthiomethyl-4,9-dimethoxyfurochromone (Formula XXIV of Chart A: R3 and R4 are both methoxy and R12 is phenylthiomethyl).

To a slurry of sodium hydride (32.44 g of a 50 percent dispersion in oil) and tetrahydrofuran (25 ml freshly distilled from lithium aluminum hydride) under a nitrogen atmosphere is added a mixture of the title product of Example 1 (40.0 9), methyl 2-(phenylthio)acetate (46.2 g) and tetrahydrofuran (75 ml). After addition is complete (1 hr) the resulting mixture is then cooled to ambient temperature and carefully quenched (sodium hydride destroyed) with water, 1 50 ml. The resulting mixture is then washed with diethyl ether (800 ml) and the resulting aqueous solution is diluted with methanol (300 ml) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (200 ml). After refluxing for 3 hr, the solution is then cooled to ambient temperature and extracted with methylene chloride, dried with sodium sulfate, andd concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a brown solid.Dilution of this solid with methanol (100 ml) and filtration yields 31.57 g of pure title product. Melting point is 132-134"C. Silica gel TLC Rf is 0.46 in hexane and ethyl acetate (1:3). Infrared absorptions are observed at 3140, 3120, 1690, 1620, 1590, 1545, 1485, 1385, 1365, 1345,.1210, 1025, 1070, 1055, and 1035 cm~'. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.18, 7.20-7.55, 7.0, 6.08, 4.15, 4.05, and 3.986 (deuterochloroform solvent). The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 368, 260, 259, 258, 231, and 216. Carbon:hydrogen: sulphur ratio is 64.98:4.24:8.56.

Following the procedure of Example 4, but employing the appropriate methyl 2-phenyl(thio)alkylacetate in place of methyl 2-(phenylthio)acetate, there are prepared the corresponding formula XX17V products wherein R,2 is phenylthiomethyl.

Example 5 7-lsopropyl-4,9-dimethoxyfurochromone (Formula XXIV of Chart A: R3 and R4 are both methoxy and R,2 is isopropyl).

To a mixture of the title product of Example 1 (50 9) and methyl isopropylcarboxylate (300 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere is added sodium hydride (40 9 as a 50% oil dispersion) over a period of 25 min. When evolution of hydrogen gas ceases, the reaction mixture is then heated at reflux for 22 hr and thereafter cooled to ambient temperature.

Quenching (destroying sodium hydride) with water and diluting with diethyl ether yields a 2-phase system for which the aqueous phase is separated and washed with diethyl ether (200 ml). The aqueous phase is then acidified with 25% aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted with diethyl ether (400 ml). The combined ethereal extracts are then dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a light brown oil.

The oil is then diluted with methanol (300 ml) and anhydrous hydrochloric acid, which is bubbled through the methanolic solution. The methanolic solution is then refluxed for 2 hr, coolec to ambient temperature, diluted with water (200 ml), and extracted with methylene chloride (400 ml). The combined organic extracts are then dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a light tan oil which is recrystallized from ethyl acetate and hexane, yield 34.3 9 of essentially pure title product. Melting point is 116-118"C.

Chromatographing a 16.0 g sample of the eccentrially pure product on 1.35 kg of silica gel packed in hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1) and eluting with this solvent yields 13.98 g of pure title product. Silica gel TLC Rf is 0.66 in hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1). Infrared absorptions are observed at 3130, 3100, 1650, 1625, 1595, 1540, 1480, and 1075 cm~'.

NMR absorptions are observed at 7.64, 7.0.

6.07,4.15,4.01,2.90, and 1.316(deuterochloroform solvent). The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 288, 273, 259, 245, 244, 217, 215, and 117. The carbon: hydrogen ratio is 66.73:5.52.

Following the procedure of Example 5, but employing the appropriate methyl alkanoate in place of methyl 2-methylpropionate, there are obtained the corresponding formula XXIV compounds wherein R,2 is alkyl.

Example 6 7-Cyclopropyl-4, 9-d imethoxyfurochromone (Formula XXIV of Chart A: R3 and R4 are both methoxy and R,2 is cyclopropyl.

Following the procedure of Example 5, employing methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate (75 g) in place of methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate, the title product of Example 1 (15 9) is transformed to 8.60 g of pure crystalline title product. Melting point is 135-137"C. Silica gel TLC Rf is 0.55 in hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1). Characteristic infrared absorptions are observed at 3130, 3100. 1650, 1625, 1595, 1540, 1480 cm~'. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.62, 7.0, 6.1, 4.13,4.02, 1.7-2.11, and 0.98-1.286 (deuteroch loroform solvent). The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 286, 271, 237, 243, 215, 177, 149, and 147. Carbon:hydrogen ratio is 67.00:4.86.

Following the procedurle of Example 6, but employing the appropriate methyl cycloalkanecarboxylate in place of methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate, there are prepared the corresponding formula XXIV compounds wherein R12 is cycloalkyl.

Example 7 7-Undecyl-4,9-dimethoxyfurochromone (Formula XXIV of Chart A: R3 and R4 are both methoxy and R,2 is n-undecyl) To a mixture of the title product of Example 1 (60 g.) and ethyl laurate (500 g) under nitrogen atmosphere is added sodium hydride (45 9 in a 50% oil dispersion) over a period of 30 min. After addition of sodium hydride is complete, the reaction mixture is heated to 80"C for 1.5 hr and thereafter cooled to ambient temperature. After solidification of a light brown mass, water (dropwise) and diethyl ether (500 ml) is employed to quench the reaction mixture. Thereafter additional water (for a total of 200 ml) is carefully added and the aqueous layer separated. The aqueous layer is then washed with diethyl ether and thereafter diluted with chloroform (300 ml) and acidified with 25% aqueous hydrochloric acid.The chloroform layer is then separated and the aqueous layer extracted with chloroform (100 ml) and the combined organic phase is then dried and filtered. After drying, anhydrous hydrochloric acid is passed through the chloroform solution for several minutes and the solution is refluxed for one hr. After cooling to ambient temperature the chloroform is then removed under reduced pressure yielding a brown oil (95.32 9) which solidifies.

Chromatographing of a 5 g sample of the oil on 250 g on silica gel packed with ethyl acetate and hexane (1:1) yields 2.35 g of pure title product. Melting point is 78-79"C.

Silica gel TLC Rf is 0.73 in hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1). Infrared absorptions are observed at 3120, 3060, 1660, 1620, 1555, 1485, 1375, 1360, 1125, 1095, 845, 765, and 720 cm~'. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.65, 7.03, 6.1, 4.2, 4.08, 2.65, 1.05-1.90 and 0.87 6 (deuterochloroform solvent). The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 400, 386, 385, 371, 357, 329, 315, 229, 177, 105, 43, and 41. The carbon:hydrogen ratio is 71.88:8.27.

Following the procedure of Example 7, but employing the appropriate ethyl alkanoate in place of ethyl laurate, there are prepared each of the corresponding formula XXIV products wherein R,2 is alkyl.

Example 8 7-Trifl uoromethyl-4, 9-dimethoxyfurochromone (Formula XXIV of Chart A: R3 and R4 are both methoxy and R,2 is trifluoromethyl).

To sodium hydride (40.51 g of a 50% dispersion in oil) is added a mixture of the title product of Example 1 (50 g) and ethyltrifluoroacetate (90 g) under a nitrogen atmosphere. After addition is complete, the resulting mixture is stirred an additional 30 min at ambient temperature. Thereafter the reaction mixture is carefully quenched with water (200 ml), followed by addition of diethyl ether (500 ml). The aqueous phase is then separated and washed with diethyl ether (500 ml), diluted with chloroform, and acidified with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The chloroform layer is then separated, and the aqueous layer extracted with chloroform (100 ml). The combined organic phases are then dried with magnesium sulfate and filtered. Anhydrous hydrochloric acid is then passed into the chloroform solution for several minutes, followed by refluxing for 45 min.The resulting mixture is then allowed to cool at ambient temperature and the solvent removed under reduced pressure, yielding a dark brown solid. After washing with diethyl ether (200 ml), there is obtained 35.26 9 of pure title product. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate in hexane yields a product with melting point 266-268"C. Silica gel TLC Rf is 0.57 in 5 ethyl acetate in chloroform. Infrared absorptions are observed at 3130, 1665, 1650, 1550, 1480, 1270, 1215, 1185, 1145, 1135, 1070, 950, and 870 cm-1. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.69, 7.05, 6.60, 4.21, and 4.036 (deuterochloroform solvent). The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 314, 299, 285, 271, 270, 243, 215, 200, 120, and 105. The carbon: hydrogen: fluoride ratio is 53.77:2.92:18.08.

Folowing the procedure of Examples 2-8, each of the various formula XXIV compounds of Chart A is prepared from the title product of Example 1 and the appropriate carboxylic acid ester.

Example 9 1 -(6-Hydroxy-4, 7-dimethoxy-benzofuranyl)-3 (1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-buten-1-one (Formula XXV of Chart A: R3 and R4 are both methoxy and R,2 is methyl).

A methanolic solution of khellin (5.2 9) and pyrrolidine (2.82 9) is heated at 80"C for 6 hr. Upon cooling, bright orange crystals precipitate from the reaction mixture. After filtration, there is obtained 6.3 9 of pure title product. Silica gel TLC Rf os 0.74 in ethyl acetate. Infrared absorptions are obserlved at 3180, 3160, 3120, 2300, 1630, 1600, 1530, 1345, 1325, 1260, 1170, 1155, 1140, 1130, 1060, 1050, and 1030cm~'.

NMR absorptions are observed at 7.45, 6.8, 6.15, 4.05, 3.89, 3.22-3.70, 2.68, and 1.8-2.156. The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 331, 300, 261, 220, 205, 177, 111, 110, 83, and 70. The carbon: hydrogen: nitrogen ratio is 65.09:6.32:4.18.

Following the procedure of Example 10, but employing each of the various formula XXIV 4, 9-dimethoxy-7-substituted furochromones, there are prepared each of the various corresponding formula XXV products.

Example 10 6-Bromo-7-methyl-4, 9-dimethoxyfurochromone (Formula XXVI of Chart A: R3 and R4 are both methoxy and R,2 is methyl).

To a chloroform (20 ml) solution of the title product of Example 9 (1.10 9) at 0 C is added dropwise a chloroform (5 ml) solution of bromine (528 mg). After the addition of bromine is complete, the reaction mixture is diluted with water (50 ml) and stirred vigorously for 5 min. The chloroform layer is then separated and the aqueous layer extracted with chloroform (25 ml). The combined organic extracts are then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 1.2 9 of a dark green material.

This material is then chromatographed on 50 g of silica gel packed and eluted with 10% ethyl acetate and chloroform. Fractions containing pure title product (480 mg) are combined. Melting ppint is 176-177"C. Silica gel TLC Rf is 0.70 in ethyl acetate. Infrared absorptions are observed at 3120, 1650, 1640, 1625, 1610, 1590, 1550, 1540, 1480, 1250, 1330, 1265, 1070, 1050, 870, 785, and 770 cm&num;P1. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.65, 7.01, 4.2, 4.04, and 2.656 (deuterochloroform solvent). The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 340, 338, 325, 323, 296, 295, 294, 279, 277, 250, 177, and 175. The carbon:hydrogen:brom- ine ratio is 49.74:3.36:23.57.

Following the procedure of Example 5, but employing in place of the title product of Example 9, each of the various corresponding formula XXV compounds described following Example 9, there are prepared each of the corresponding formula XXVI 6-bromofurochromones in accordance with the instant specification.

Further following the above procedures but employing the appropriate halogen other than bromine, there are prepared the various formula XXVI 6-chlorofurochromones or 6-iodofurochromones in accordance with the instant specification.

Example 11 6-Bromo-4,9-dimethoxyfurochromone (Formula XXXIII of Chart B: R3 and R4 are methoxy).

A. 1 -(6-Hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-5-benzofura- nyl)-3-dimethyllamino-2-propen-1-one. The title product of Example 1 (25 9) and N,Ndimethylformamide dimethylacetal (13.7 9) are heated in an oil bath for 2.5 hr. The reaction product then precipitates and is cooled to ambient temperature. Excess methanol is then removed under reduced pressure and the resulting solid crystallized from methanol to yield 23.2 9 of product. Melting point is 137-139"C. Silica gel TLC Rf is 0.12 in hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1). Infrared absorptions are observed at 1625, 1555, 1535, 1500, 1265, 1060, 875, 770, and 730 cm-1. NMR absorptions are observed at 8.00, 7.47, 6.82, 6.30, 4.05, 3.90, and 2.8-3.316 (deuterochloroform solvent).The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 291, 221, 220, 206, 205, 177, 163, and 98. Car bon: hydrogen : nitrogen ratio is 61.65:6.12:4.90.

B. 6-Bromo-4,9-dimethoxyfurochromone.

To a chloroform (20 ml) solution of the reaction product of Part A (1.0 9) is added dropwise a chloroform (7 ml) solution of bromine (549 mg). After the bromine discolors, the reaction mixture is diluted with water (50 ml) and vigorously stirred for 5 min.

Thereafter the chloroform layer is separated and the aqueous layer extracted with chloroform (50 ml). The combined chloroform extracts are then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a light yellow oil (825 mg). Chromatographing on 60 9 of silica gel packed and eluted with 10% ethyl acetate in chloroform yields 640 mg of pure title product. Melting point is 166-167"C. Silica gel TLC Rf is 0.60 in 10% ethyl acetate and chloroform. Infrared absorptions are observed at 3150, 3120, 2080, 1660, 1615, 1590, 1550, 1480, 1350, 1310, 1225, 1145, 1070, 1040, and 770 cm-1. NMR absorptions are observed at 8.22, 7.71, 7.06, 4.28, and 4.116. The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 326, 324, 311, 309, 297, 295, 284, 282, 281, 280, and 53. Carbon:hydrogen:bromine ration is 43.22:2.70:24.57.

Following the procedure of Example 11, but employing the appropriate halogen other than bromine, there are prepared the various formula XXXIII compounds wherein X is chloro or iodo.

Example 12 6-Chloro-4,9-dimethoxyfurochromone (Formula XXXIII of Chart B: R3 and R4 are methoxy).

The reaction product of Example 11, Part A (5.0 9) in chloroform (100 ml) is cooled to 0 C and treated dropwise with a chloroform solution of t-butyl hypochlorite (1.85 9 in 10 ml of chloroform) over 3 minutes with vigorous stirring. Thereafter, anhydrous hydrochloride is bubbled through the solution causing the reaction mixture to become a dark brown color. After stirring for an additional 2.5 hr, water, (58 ml) is added and stirring is continued for an additional 45 min. Thereafter the organic layer is separated, washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 3.83 9 of a dark brown solid. Successive recrystallizations from methanol yield 1.75 9 of pure title product. Melting point is 178-179"C. Silica gel TLC Rf is 0.57 in ethyl acetate and chloroform (1: 9).Infrared absorptions are observed at 3150, 3120, 1660, 1615, 1590, 1550, 1480, 1350, 1310, 1145, 1070, 1040, and 770 cm-1. NMR absorptions are observed at 8.1, 7.65, 7.02, 4.20 and 4.026 (deuterochloroform solvent). The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 282, 280, 267, 265, 251, 247, 246, 222, 209, 181, 177. Car bon : hydrogen : chlorine ratio is 55.64:3.41:12.52.

Example 13 4, 9-Dimethoxy-7-methyl-6-methylthiomethyl- furochromone (Formula LIII of Chart D: R3 and R4 are methoxy and R10 is methyl).

A. [(4,9-Dimethoxy-5-oxy-5 H-furo[3,2-g] benzopyran-7-yl)-methyl]d imethyl sulfoniu m fluorosulfate. (Formula LII) To a solution of the title product of Example 3, (3.06 9, 10 mmole) in methylene chloride (50 ml) is added dropwise methylfluorosulfonate (1.149, 10 mmole) in methylene chloride (15 ml) over approximately 30 min at ambient temperature. The reaction is allowed to stir an additional 30 min, during which time a precipitate develops. The reaction is filtered, giving 2.78 9 (66%) of a tan solid having a melting point of 193-195"C. The carbon:hydrogen:sulfur analysis is 46.01:4.37:15.28.

NMR absorptions are observed at 7.82, 7.10, 6.40, 4.85, 4.20, 4.00, and 3.15S. Infrared absorptions are observed at 3120, 2080, 1665, 1635, 1605. 1555. 1480, 1350, 1295, 1204, 1124, 1085, and 1070 cm-1.

B. 4, 4,9-Dimethoxy-6-methylth iomethyl-7-me- thylfurochromone.

To a tetrahydrofuran solution (150 ml) of potassium tert-butoxide (1.26 9, 1 2.2 mmole) is added the reaction product, Part C, (5.14 g, 1 2.2 mmoles). Ten ml of water is then added to this heterogenous solution. The reaction first turns pink, then red, and after stirring overnight, yellow. The reaction is poured into methylene chloride (250 ml) and the resulting solution is washed with 5% hydrochloric acid (3 x 100 ml). The methylene chloride solution is dried over magnesium sulfate and the solid is removed in vacuo to give 3.59 of a light tan solid. The tan solid is chromatographed over 200 9 of silica gel packed in 10% EtOAc/CHCl3. Two 100 ml fractions are collected.Fractions 2 and 3 are combined to give 3.39 9 (87%) of the desired product having a melting point of 1.51-1 .52'C. Carbon: hydrogen: sulfur analysis is 60.00:4.92:9.89. The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 320, 305, 290, 275, 273, 259, 205, and 1 77. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.65, 7.03, 4.18, 4.02, 3.68, 2.5, and 2.156. Infrared adsorptions are observed at 3120, 3100, 1630, 1615, 1600, 1545, 1485, 1270, 1135, 1265, and 780 cm-1.

Following the procedure in Example 1 3 each of the various Formula LIII compounds is prepared from the corresponding thio ether of formula LI.

Example 14 4, 9-Dimethoxy-7-methyl-6-methylsulfinylme- thylfurochromone. (Formula LIV of Chart D: R3 and R4 are methoxy and R" is -CH2-SO-CH3).

Reaction product of Example 1 3 (32.0 g, 0.1 mole) is added to 11 of CH2Cl2 with stirring. To this solution is added m-CPBA (20.23 9 in 200 ml of CH2CI2) dropwise over a 10 min period. The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 2 hr and then diluted with a saturated NaHCO3 solution (300 ml) and vigorously stirred for 1 5 min. The CH2CI2 solution is separated and the aqueous ex tracted with CH2CI2 (200 ml). The combined organic material is dried over magnesium sulfate and the solvent is removed in vacuo to give 31.53 9 of product.Chromatography of 20 9 of this product over 2.1 kg of silica gel yields 9.75 9 of pure title product with a melting point of 190-191"C. Carbon: hydrogen:sulfur analysis is 57.35:4.98:9.36. The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 336, 305, 274, 273, 258, 243, 230, 220, 205, 191, 177, and 53. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.65, 7.02, 4.19, 4.04, 3.98, and 2.626.

Infrared absorptions are observed at 3130, 3100, 3070, 1630, 1620, 1595, 1550, 1485, 1365, 1270, 1120, 1065, and 1050 cm - 1 Following the procedure of Example 14, but employing each of the various formula LIII 6alkylthiomethyl-furochromones, there are prepared each of the various corresponding formula LIV sulfinyl products.

Example 15 4, 9-Di methoxy-7-methyl-6-methylsulfonyl me- thyl-furochromone (Formula LIV of Chart D: R3 and R4 are methoxy and R11 is -CH2-SO2-CH3).

The reaction product of Example 13 (109, 31.2 mmoles) is added to CH2CI2 (500 ml).

To this solution at room temperature is added a CH2CI2 (200 ml) solution of m-CPBA (13.15 9) over a 15 min period. The reaction warms up slightly. The reaction is stirred a total of 30 min. A saturated NaHCO3 solution (100 ml) is added to the reaction and stirring continues for approximately 1 5 min. The material is then poured into a separatory funnel and the organic layer is separated. The aqueous layer is extracted with CH2CI2 (50 ml) and the combined CH2CI2 solution dried over magnesium sulfate and the solvent is removed in vacuo to give a light yellow solid. This material is completely homogeneous via TLC and after several washings with ether and yields 10.44 9 (95%) of the title product having a melting point of 237-239"C. Car bon : hydrogen : sulfur analysis is 54.34:4.69:9.36.The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 352, 274, 273, 272, 230, 220, 205, 177, and 53. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.80, 7.0, 4.32, 4.02, 3.85, 2.85, and 2.476. Infrared absorptions are observed at 3150, 3120, 1635, 1625, 1595, 1550, 1485, 1365, 1300, 1190, 1140, 1115, and 1065cm-1.

Following the procedure of Example 15, but employing each of the various formula LIII 6alkylthiomethylfurochromone there are prepared each of the various corresponding formula LIV products.

Example 16 4,6-Dimethoxy-7-(4-morpholinomethyl)furochromone (A formula XXIV of Chart A: R3 and R4 are methoxy and R12 is 4-morpholinomethyl).

A 5 I flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, condenser and nitrogen inlet is charged with NaH (41 9, 50% in oil, .85 moles) and 400 ml of hexane. This mixture is stirred for 5 min and then is allowed to settle.

The solvent is removed via a gas dispersion tube. The residual gray solid is then suspended in dry THF (25 ml) in a solution of khellinone (formula XXII), the reaction product of Example 13, Part A, (509, .211 moles) and ethyl morpholinoacetate (76 9, 0.439 moles) and 200 ml of dry THF is added dropwise. Gas evolution is initially slow and heat is used to initiate the reaction. Thereafter the addition continues to be mildly exothermic. After 1 hr the addition is complete and dry dimethylacetamide (5 ml) is added. The resulting mixture is heated to reflux for 2 hr, then allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cautiously, the cool reaction mixture is quenched with ice water (200 ml) and is concentrated in vacuo to a black syrup which is diluted with water to about 1 I, giving a homogenous solution. The solution is extracted with ether (2 x 1 50 ml) and the ethereal extracts are discarded. The aqueous mixture is treated sequentially with methanol (250 ml) and concentrated HCI (125 ml) to pH1. After several hours, the paste-like mixture is filtered and the solid washed with water (50 ml) and acetone (200 ml). After air drying the solid is taken up in CHCl3, (800 ml) saturated with anhydrous HCI and heated to reflux for one hr. The two-phase mixture is then allowed to cool to room temperature and then washed with 2N NaOH (3 X 100 ml).

The combined basic washes are backwashed once with CHCI3 and the total organic extracts are combined, dried (Na2SO4) and stripped in vacuo to a solid residue, 29 9. The residue is recrystallized from EtOAc/hexane to afford 26 g of pure product having a melting point of 117-118'Cwith a 35% yield. Carbon:hydrogen: nitrogen analysis is 62.62:5.59:4.05.

The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 346, 345, 330, 316, 272, 259, 231, 216, 201, and 100. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.69, 7.07, 6.37, 4.22, 4.01, 3.78, 3.55, and 2.656. Infrared absorptions are observed at 3120, 3100, 3060, 1650, 1630, 1615, 1550, 1480, 1365, 1345, 1.115 and 1075 cm-'.

Example 17 4, 9-Dimethoxy-7-(4-morpholinomethyl)furo- chromone-(Z)-2-butenedionate.

The reaction product of Example 1 6 (3.23 9, 9.36 mmoles) is suspended in dry methanol (30 ml) and a solution of maleic acid (1.09 9, 9.36 mmoles) in methanol (20 ml) is added all at once. A clear solution results, and a precipitate appears after 2 min. After 5 min total, the mixture is diluted with 25 ml of ether and the precipitate is collected on a filter. This crystalline solid is then recrystal lized from methanol-ether to afford a 3.55 9 (7.7 mmoles) of pure maleate salt. Melting point 162-164"C (82% yield). Carbon:hydrogen: nitrogen analysis is found to be 57.20:4.94:3.04. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.85, 7.11, 6.28, 6.24, 5.67, 4.19, 4.01, 3,75, and 2.706.Infrared absorptions are observed at 3150, 3120, 1260, 1990, 1930, 1705, 1665, 1645, 1620, 1565, 1545, 1480, 1385, 1360, 1125, 1075, 1060, and 870 cm-l.

Following the procedure of Example 1 7 various acid addition salts are prepared from the corresponding acids.

Example 18 4,9-Dimethoxy-7-(piperidinylmethyl)furochro- mone (formula LXV of Chart A: R3 and R4 are methoxy and R,2 is piperidinylmethyl).

A three-liter flask is equipped with a mechanical stirrer, condenser and nitrogen inlet and charged with NaH (39.1 9 of 50% in oil, .81 moles). Hexane (250 ml) is added and the NaH is suspended for 5 min, then allowed to settle. The supernatant is removed via a gas dispersion tube and the residual dry NaH is suspended in dry THF (25 ml) with stirring.

To this suspension is added a warm solution of khellinone (formula XXII), the reaction product of Example 13, Part A, (45.8 9, .194 moles) and ethyl piperidinoacetate (69.7 9, .40 moles) in THF (150 ml) dropwise. After the first 10 ml of the solution are added to the NaH, the reaction is initiated with heat.

The rate of addition is such that a gentle reflux is maintained. After the addition is complete, the resultant mixture is heated to reflux for 2.5 hr, then cooled in ice water and quenched with water (200 ml). This aqueous solution is concentrated in vacuo to about 2/3 its volume, then diluted with 1 I of water and is extracted with ether (2 X 200 ml). The aqueous layer is acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid to pH 1, diluted with methanol (125 ml) and is heated to reflux for 1.5 hr. Upon cooling, the mixture is taken to pH 8, using 6N sodium hydroxide and is extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 X 300 ml). Evaporation of the extract in vacuo gives 27 9 of bright yellow solid. The solid is suspended in CHCI3 (850 ml) and dry HCI gas is bubbled for about 10 min.The resulting red-orange mixture is heated to reflux for 1.5 hr, then allowed to cool to room temperature and is extracted with 2N sodium hydroxide. The CHCI3 layer is dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to afford 27 9 of crude oil.

Upon two crystallizations from EtOAc/hexane (1:1.5) pure product was obtained (10 9), having a melting point of 84-85"C with a yield of 1 5%. Carbon: hydrogen: nitrogen analysis is found to be 66.49:6.02:4.15.

The mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 344, 343, 328, 260, 231, and 98. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.65, 7, 6.30, 4.16, 4.04, 3.48, 2.50, and 1.526. Infrared ab sorptions are observed at 3120, 3100, 3060, 2740, 1650, 1635, 1620, 1595, 1550, 1480, 1385, 1365, 1340, 1130, 1075, and 1065 cm-l.

Example 19 4,9-Dimethoxy-7-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)- furochromone (formula LXV of Chart A: R3 and R4 are methoxy and R,2 is N,N-dimethy laminomethyl).

A 5 I flask, equipped with mechanical stir rer, reflux condenser, and nitrogen inlet, is charged with NaH (61 9, 50% in oil, 1.27 moles) in hexane (600 ml). After stirring for 5 min, the suspended NaH is allowed to settle and the supernatant is removed via a gas dispersion tube. The residual solid is sus pended in dry THF (30 ml) and a warm solution of khellinone (formula XXII) reaction product of Example 13, Part A, (74.4 9, .315 mole) in THF (200 ml) is added dropwise over 30 min. Then dimethylaminoglycine ethyl ester (82.2 9, .627 mole) is added in a thin stream. Reaction is initiated with heat causing vigorous foaming and refluxing. After about 10 min the reaction slows considerably and the mixture is heated to reflux for 5 hr. After cooling to ambient temperature, ice is added cautiously, then water (about 500 ml).This solution is extracted with ether (2 X 300 ml) and the ether extracts are discarded. The aqueous mixture is then treated with concen trated hydrochloric acid to pH 1 and allowed I to stand overnight. The resulting yellow pre cipitate is collected, the filtrate is concentrated to about 200 ml in vacuo, and then filtered again. The collected solids are combined and washed with ether (200 ml) to yield 145 9 of a a yellow solid.

A portion (120 9) of this solid is taken up in CHCI3 (1.2 I) and is treated with HCI gas for 4 min. The resulting red solution is heated to reflux for 1 hr, then is stirred at room temper I ature overnight. The CHCI3 mixture is shaken with 2N sodium hydroxide (2 X 300 ml), brine (1 X 100 ml) and dried over sodium sulfate.

The solvent is then removed under reduced pressure to afford 14 g of an impure product which is chromatographed over 1 kg of silica gel packed in 10% MeOH/CHCl3. Fractions of 500 ml are collected. Fractions 5, 6, and 7 are combined. The residue from these frac tions is recrystallized from EtOAc/hexane to yield 2.25 9 of yellow prisms having a melt ing point of 108-109.5"C, a 2.3% yield.

Carbon : nitrogen analysis is found to be 63.63:5.66:4.66. The mass spectrum exhib its peaks at 304, 303, 288, 274, 243, 231, 84, 71, and 58. NMR absorptions are ob served at 7.65, 7.03, 6.28, 4.19, 4.05, 3.45, and 2.386. Infrared absorptions are observed at 3120, 3080, 3060, 2790, 1650, 1630, 1620, 1595, 1545, 1485, 1385, 1075, and 1055cm-1.

Example 20 5P-Hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-4,9-dimethoxy-7-me- thylfurochromone (Formula LXXI I of Chart F: R3 and R4 are methoxy and R,4 is methyl).

In a 5 I flask fitted with addition funnel, mechanical stirrer, condenser is placed NaBH4 (51.09, 1.36 mole) and 100 ml of EtOH. To this slurry is added a solution of khellin (51.7 g, 1.98 moles) and 4 1 of warm EtOH in a thin stream. The addition of khellin takes 1.5 hr and the resulting mixture is heated to reflux for 4 hr. The solution is then allowed to cool and concentrated in vacuo to a thick paste which is treated with two liters of aqueous NaHCO3 for 2 hr with vigorous stirring. This mixture is diluted with 1 I of water and 1 I of CH2CI2 and stirred overnight. Layers are then separated and the aqueous phase extracted with CH2CI2 (4 X 750 ml). The organic extracts are combined, shaken with brine (500 ml), filtered through Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to a solid.This residue is taken up in 200 ml of hot EtOAc, quickly filtered and diluted with hexane (250 ml). On cooling, white crystals deposit weighing 20.7 9 and having a melting point of 88-90"C. The mother liquors afforded 8 9 of additional material on cooling, having a melting point of 88-91 C and having a yield of 55%. Analytically pure material is prepared by recrystallization from ethanol-ether and has a melting point of 91-92"C. Carbon:hydrogen ration is 63.63:6.06. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.46, 6.82, 5.22, 4.20, 4.10, 4.00, 3.80, 2.33, 1.92, and 1.506. Infrared absorptions are observed at 3546, 3133, 1626, 1598, 1555, 1487, 1257, 1141, 1091, 1060, and 1045 cm-'.

Following the procedure of Example 23 but employing the various Formula LXXI 6,7-substituted furochromones previously described there are prepared the various Formula LX compounds.

Example 21 4, 8-Dimethoxybenzo[ 1 , 2-b; 5,4-b']difuran3(2H)-one (Formula LXXIII of Chart E: R3 and R4 are methoxy).

a. (Z)-2-[(1 -pyrrolidinyl)methylene]-4,8-di- methoxybenzo-[ 1 , 2-b; -5,4-b]difuran-3-(2H)one (formula LXII) title compound, Example 11 (6.5 9, 20 mmoles) and potassium carbonate are added to CH3CN (200 ml). To this solution is added pyrrolidine (1.42 9, 20 mmoles) and the resulting solution is stirred at room temperature for 1 8 hr. The CH3CN is removed in vacuo to leave a yellow solid which is washed with water, filtered, and dried to give 3.1 9 9 (54% yield) of the above product having a melting point of 21 6-21 7 C. Carbon: hydrogen: nitrogen analysis ratio is 64.86:5.55:4.42. Mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 315, 301, 300, 286, 285, 231, 230, and 217. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.5, 7.19, 6.91, 4.29, 4.12, 3.72, 1.99.Infrared absorptions are observed at 3140, 3100, 1675, 1625, 1600, 1585, 1545, 1495, 1340, 1270, 1235, 1125, and 1065 cm~'.

B. Reaction product of Part A (12.55 9, 39.8 mmoles) is added to 500 ml of a 1:1 mixture of tetrahydrofuran and 2N HCI. This mixture is heated at reflux for 1 6 hr during which time the reaction turns dark red with a fomation of a dark red solid. After cooling to room temperature, the solid is filtered to give 2.91 9 of material (insoluble on both H2O and CHCl3). The filtrate is reduced in volume in vacuo to give a heterogeneous solution which is filtered to give 5.20 9 of crude product.

The filtrate is extracted with CH2CI2 (4 X 75 ml) to give 710 mg of additional product.

5.91 9 of the crude reaction is chromatographed over 250 9 of HPLC silica gel packed in 20% EtOAc/CHCI3 and gives 4.25 9 (44% yield) of the title product having a melting point of 146-148"C. Carbon: hydrogen ratio is 61.32:4.50. Mass spectrum exhibits peaks at 234, 220, 219, 205, 191, 176, 163, 153, and 77. NMR absorptions are observed at 7.47, 6.88, 4.67, 4.22, and 4.108. Infrared absorptions are observed at 3000, 2950, 2850, 1710, 1600, 1550, 1500, 1440, 1380, 1340, 1260, 1120, and 1060 cm-'.

Following the procedure of the Examples above, but employing the appropriate desmethoxy starting materials (e.g., 4-desmethoxy khellin, of formula XXI wherein R3 is hydrogen and R4 is methoxy, or 9-desmethoxykhellin of formula XXI wherein R4 is hydrogen and R3 is methoxy), there are prepared the corresponding desmethoxy products of Charts A-F.

Such desmethoxy starting materials are known in the art. For example, 4-desmethoxykhellin is described in United States Patent Specification No. 3,099,660 and 9-desmethoxykhellin is the naturally-occurring compound visnagin.

Accordingly, the Examples provide illustrations of, or methods for, the preparation of each of the various formula VI furochromone analogues described herein.

Claims (28)

1. A furochromone of the formula

wherein A is -CH = CRr3-, -CX = CR14-, -C[CH2S(O)nR10] = C(CH3)-, -CH2-CHR4- or -CHRa7-, in which n is zero, one or 2; R10 is C15 alkyl;R13 is isopropyl, C4-8 alkyl, (C1 7 alkoxy)methyl, (C, 7 alkylthio)methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted phenoxymethyl or phenylthiomethyl in which any substituents are selected from chlorine, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, C1-3 alkyl and C13 alkoxy, C3,0 cycloalkyl, (C, 5 alkylthio)methyl, (C, 5 alkylsulfinyl)methyl, (C, 5 alkylsulfonyl)methyl or -CH2NR8R, 5 in which either R8 and R9 are the same or different and are each hydrogen, C,-,2 alkyl or C6,2 aryl or NR8Rg is an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated C2 7heterocyclic ring with up to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, and from 4 to 8 atoms in the ring, any substituents being selected from C14 alkyl, (C, 7 alkoxy)methyl, (C, 7 alkylthio)methyl, C1-4 hydroxyalkyl and phenyl;; Ra4 is hydrogen, C18 alkyl, (C, 7 alkoxy)methyl, (C1 7 alkylthio)methyl, trifluoromethyl, optionally substituted phenoxymethyl or methyl or phenylthiomethyl as defined above or C3,0 cycloalkyl; R17 is hydrogen or C18 alkyl; and X is chlorine, bromine or iodine; one of R3 and R4 is methoxy and the other is hydrogen or methoxy, provided that R,3 is not -CH2NR8Rg when R4 is hydrogen; and one of R20 and R2, is hydrogen and the other is hydroxy when A is -CH2-CHR,4- or R2, together are oxo when A is not -CH2-CH Ra4-; or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof when R13 is -CH2NR8R9.

2. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein A is -CX = CR4 and X and R14 are as defined in claim 1.

3. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein A is -C[CH2S(O)nRao]~C(CH3)~ and n and R10 are as defined in claim 1.

4. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein A is -CH = CRr4- and R,4 is as defined in claim 1.

5. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein A is -CH2-CR,4- and R14 is as defined in claim 1.

6. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein A is -CHRz7- and R17 is as defined in claim 1.

7. A compound as claimed in claim 2 wherein R14 is hydrogen or C18 alkyl.

-

8. A compound as claimed in claim 7 wherein R14 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.

9. A compound as claimed in any preceding claim wherein R3 and R4 are each methoxy.

10. A compound as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8 wherein R3 is methoxy and R4 is hydrogen.

11. A compound as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8 wherein R3 is hydrogen and R4 is methoxy.

12. 6-Bromo-4,9-dimethoxyfurochromone.

13. 6-Bromo-7-methyl-4, 9-dimethoxyfuro- chrnmone.

14. 6-Chloro-7-methyl-4, 9-di methoxyfuro- chromone.

15. 4, 9-Dimethoxy-7-methyl-methylthiomethylfurochromone.

16. 4, 9-Dimethoxy-7-methyl-6-methylsulfinylmethylfurochromone.

17. 4, 9-Dimethoxy-7-methyl-6-methylsulfonylmethylfurochromone.

18. 4,9-Dimethoxy-7-(4-morpholinylmethyl)furochromone.

19. 4,9-Dimethoxy-7-(4-morpholinylmethyl)furochromone-(Z)-2-butenedioate.

20. 4,9-Dimethoxy-7-piperidinylmethylfurochromone.

21. 4,9-Dimethoxy-7-(N,N-dimethylamino- methyl)furochromone.

22. 4,9-Dimethoxy-7-methylsulfonylme- thylfurochromone.

23. 4,9-Dimethoxy-7-methylsulfinylmethylfurochromone.

24. 4,9-Dimethoxy-6-inethylthiomethylfu- rochromone.

25. 6,7-Dihydro-4,9-dimethoxy-5-hydroxy 7-methylfurochromone.

26. 4,8-Dimethoxybenzo[ 1 ,2-b; 5 ,4-b]di- furan-3(2 H)-one.

27. A compound substantially as described in any of the Examples.

28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as claimed in any preceding claim in association with a physiologically acceptable excipient.