GB2041396A - Method and Apparatus for Heat Processing Pulverized Brown Coal - Google Patents
Method and Apparatus for Heat Processing Pulverized Brown Coal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2041396A GB2041396A GB7900794A GB7900794A GB2041396A GB 2041396 A GB2041396 A GB 2041396A GB 7900794 A GB7900794 A GB 7900794A GB 7900794 A GB7900794 A GB 7900794A GB 2041396 A GB2041396 A GB 2041396A
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- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- brown coal
- heating
- stage
- chamber
- vapour
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
- C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/08—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form
Abstract
Pulverised brown coal is heated to 500-800 DEG C in a first chamber 1 with a gaseous heat carrier to produce a vapour and gas mixture 6 and a solid material which is heated to 600- 900 DEG C in a second chamber 12 to produce a solid product and a vapour and gas mixture which is recycled to the first stage of heating together with a portion of the solid product, the recycled material is heated in conduit 17 (e.g. by a burner 18 which aids material transfer). <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or Relating to Methods of and
Apparatuses for Heat Processing Pulverized
Brown Coal
The invention relates to methods of destructive processing of solid carbon-containing materials and, more specifically, to methods of and apparatuses for heat processing pulverized brown coal.
The invention is particularly suited for use in power and chemical industries for a combined production both of highly calorific solid and synthetic liquid fuels and of other gaseous and liquid products to be subsequently converted into commercial raw materials.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of heat processing pulverized brown coal comprising the steps of: heating in a first stage brown coal by means of a gaseous heat carrier in less than one second to a temperature of 500-8000C at which thermal decomposition of the brown coal takes place with the formation of a solid pulverized matter and a vapour and gas mixture; removing the resultant vapour and gas mixture to be purified and condensed to produce gas and liquid products; heating in a second stage the brown coal in the form of solid matter to a temperature of 6009000 at which complete thermal decomposition of the brown coal takes place, resulting in the formation of a vapour and gas mixture and a solid pulverized product; withdrawing a part of the resultant solid pulverized product and delivering it together with the vapour and gas mixture from the second stage to the first stage of heating of the brown coal vapour and gas mixture; and heating the said part of the solid pulverized product on its way to the first stage of heating to cause the pulverized solid product particles to move.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention, comprising a chamber for a first stage of heating of brown coal provided with means for feeding therein the brown coal to be processed and means for removing therefrom a vapour and gas mixture resulting from thermal decomposition of the brown coal, a chamber for a second stage of heating of the brown coal arranged to communicate with the chamber for the first stage of heating and provided with means for feeding therein a gaseous heat carrier, a return conduit by means of which the chamber for the second stage of heating communicates with the chamber for the first stage of heating to feed a vapour and gas mixture and a part of a solid product, means for heating the vapour and gas mixture and the solid product which are delivered from the second stage to the first stage of heating, and means for discharging the resultant solid product and for controiiing the amount thereof to be fed into the chamber for the first stage of heating of the brown coal.
Preferred methods and apparatuses for heat processing pulverized solid fuel can provide a uniform and gradual heating which prevents overheating of the fuel particles. This is achieved due to the fact that the heat carrier delivered to the first stage of heating from the second stage of heating comprises particles of the solid product, which particles, being heat accumulators, gradually and uniformly transmit their heat both to small and large particles of the solid fuel being processed. This in turn allows substantially complete thermal decomposition of the whole solid product and, hence, an increased yield of gaseous and liquid products. Besides, since a part of the gaseous heat carrier is replaced by a solid heat carrier, and the steam and gas mixture contains a lesser proportion of the gaseous heat carrier, the quality of the resulting gaseous products can be improved.
The invention will be further described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, which is a diagrammatic view of an apparatus for heat processing of pulverized brown coal. In a preferred method of heat processing pulverized brown coal, brown coal crushed to particles having a size less than 1 mm is preheated to a temperature of about 11000 for the purpose of drying.
The pulverized brown coal prepared in this way is fed to the first stage of heating. At the first stage, the brown coal is heated by a heat carrier, which substantially does not contain free oxygen, to a temperature of 500-80000 in less than 1 second. This results in thermal decomposition of the brown coal into a solid pulverized matter and a vapour and gas mixture. The resultant vapour and gas mixture is removed to be purified and condensed to obtain gaseous and liquid products in a manner known in the art. Simultaneously the pulverized solid matter is fed to the second stage of heating.At the second stage, the brown coal in the form of solid pulverized matter is heated by a gaseous heat carrier containing no free oxygen in less than one second to a temperature of 600 900 C. This causes additional thermal decomposition of the brown coal being processed to form a solid pulverized product and a vapour and gas mixture. A part of the resultant pulverized solid product is separated from the bulk thereof.
The withdrawn part of the solid product together with the vapour and gas mixture is delivered from the second stage of heating to the first stage of heating. To cause the solid product particles to move, the mixed heat carrier resulting from mixing a part of the solid product with the vapour and gas mixture is heated by a gaseous heat carrier in two stages. At first the mixed heat carrier is heated to a temperature of about 9000C when being withdrawn from the second stage of heating, and then to a temperature of about 1 000 C when entering the first stage of heating.
Having entered the first stage of heating of the brown coal, the mixed heat carrier heats the latter to a temperature of 500-80000. Since solid particles of the heat carrier are heat accumulators, they transmit their heat gradually and uniformly both to small and large brown coal particles, which ensure uniform and optimum heating of the whole bulk of the brown coal being processed. As a result, thermal decomposition of the brown coal being processed gives an increased yield of gaseous and liquid products. In addition, since at the second stage the brown coal is heated to a temperature of about 900"C which is much lower than that in the prior art method (1 6000C), a lesser amount of combustible matter is needed to form a heat carrier.
An apparatus for heat processing pulverised brown coal comprises a cyclone-type chamber 1 for first-stage heating of the brown coal. The chamber 1 for the first-stage heating is provided with a means 2 for feeding therein pulverized brown coal to be processed. The means 2 incorporates a hopper 3 for brown coal to be processed communicating through a conduit 4 with the chamber 1. A turnstile-type feeder 5 is positioned within the conduit 4. Centrally mounted within the chamber 1 to a connection pipe 6 through a bent end of which the chamber 1 communicates with a means 7 for removing vapour and gas mixture. The means 7 is formed as a cyclone intended for separating solid particles, or brown coal which was carried away, from the vapour and gas mixture.
A turnstile-type discharging device 8 is provided for discharging the brown coal which was carried away, and a conduit 9 for removing the vapour and gas mixture.
The lower portion of the chamber 1 is provided with a connection pipe 10, which incorporates a turnstile-type feeder 1 The chamber 1 for the first stage heating communicates with a chamber 12 for second stage heating of the brown coal by means of the connection pipe 1 0. Means 1 3 for forming and feeding a gaseous heat carrier tangentially adjoins the upper portion of the chamber 12. The means 13 incorporates a connection pipe 14 which tangentially adjoins the chamber 12. Centrally mounted within the connection pipe 14 is a burner (not shown) connected to a combustible matter source (not shown). The burner is intended for burning the combustible matter for producing a gaseous heat carrier in the form of fumes which are practically free of oxygen.To remove the resultant solid product, the chamber 12 incorporates a connection pipe 1 5 mounted in the lower portion of this chamber and provided with a turnstile-type feed control device 1 5.
The chamber 1 2 for the second stage heating communicates with the chamber 1 for the first stage heating through a return conduit 17, the upper end of the conduit 1 7 tangentially adjoining the chamber 1. Mounted within the conduit 1 7 is a means 18 for feeding a gaseous heat carrier, incorporating a burner (not shown) for burning a combustible matter to produce a gaseous heat carrier in the form of fumes. When it is needed to raise the temperature of the heat carrier being fed into the chamber 1, means 1 9 for burning gas and feeding the heat carrier may be mounted at the end of the conduit 1 7 adjoining the chamber 1.
The apparatus for heat processing of pulverized brown coal operates in the following manner.
Brown coal crushed to a particle size of below
1 mm and preheated to a temperature of about 1 00C for drying is continuously fed through the feeder 5 from the hopper 3 into the chamber 1 for the first-stage heating. Simultaneously a heat carrier in the form of a vapour and gas mixture comprising particles of a solid product, resulting from the heat processing of brown coal at the second stage of heating, is delivered from the chamber 12 through the return conduit 1 7 into the chamber 1. Under the action of centrifugal forces the brown coal particles entrained by a swirling flow of the heat carrier are thrown from the central portion of the chamber 1 towards its walls, traversing the mixed heat carrier. The brown coal is heated with a high heat-exchange coefficient.Heating of the brown coal to a temperature of 500--8000C causes thermal decomposition thereof, the result being a solid pulverized matter and a vapour and gas mixture.
The resultant vapour and gas mixture is removed through the connection pipe 6 into the means 7 to be purified from solid particles. The purified vapour and gas mixture is withdrawn through the conduit 9 for condensation with a view to producing liquid and gaseous products in a conventional manner. Solid matter trapped by the cyclone 7 is discharged therefrom by the turnstile-type discharging device 8.
From the chamber 1 the brown coal being processed is delivered by the turnstile-type feeder 11 into the chamber 12 for the second stage heating. Simultaneously a gaseous heat carrier in the form of fumes resulting from the burning of a combustible gas is tangentially fed into the chamber 12 through the connection pipe 14.
Particles of the brown coal being processed are entrained by a swirling flow of the gaseous heat carrier and under the action of centrifugal forces thrown from the central portion of the chamber 1 2 towards the walls thereof, traversing the heat carrier flow. There takes place additional heating of large particles of the brown coal being processed to a temperature of 600-9000C. This results in thermal decomposition of the large particles which have not been completely decomposed in the chamber 1 for the first-stage heating of the brown coal. The turnstile-type feed control device 1 6 discharges a major portion of the resultant solid product.
The other portion of the solid product is delivered together with the vapour and gas mixture from the chamber 12 through the return conduit 1 7 into the chamber I.for the first-stage heating. The solid particle content in the mixed heat carrier may be controlled by the feed control device 16, i.e. an increase in the amount of the finished solid product discharged therethrougb from the chamber 12 decreases the portion of the solid product which enters the return conduit 1 7 together with the vapour and gas mixture. To
cause the mixed heat carrier to move through the
return conduit 17, the latter incorporates the
means 1 8 for feeding a gaseous heat carrier in the
form of fumes having a temperature of about
9000C.Depending on the kind of brown coal and
its physical state, including the size of its
particles, there may be a need to raise the
temperature of the heat carrier being fed into the
first chamber. For this purpose a gaseous heat
carrier having a temperature of about 10000C is
fed into the chamber 1 for the first-stage heating,
which provides both an increased temperature of
heating of the brown coal being processed and
improved draught for moving the solid product
constituting part of the mixed heat carrier.
Example
Brown coal having an ash content of 9.6% was
crushed to a particle size of less than 1 mm and
preheated to a temperature of 1 00C for drying.
Having been prepared in this way the brown
coal was continually fed into the chamber 1 for
the first-stage heating, where it was heated in the
vortex of a heat carrier which comprised a vapour
and gas mixture including particles of solid
product, i.e. it was heated by a mixed heat carrier.
The mixed heat carrier was taken from the
chamber 12 for the second stage heating. The
heat of the mixed heat carrier was transferred to
the brown coal being processed, and, as a result,
the latter was heated in less than 1 second to a
temperature of 6400C and decomposed into a solid matter, and a vapour and gas mixture. The
vapour and gas mixture was withdrawn to be
purified and condensed with a view to producing
gaseous and liquid products. Simultaneously the brown coal heated to a temperature of 6400C
was continuously fed by the feeder 11 into the
chamber 1 2 for the second stage heating. In the
chamber 12 the brown coal being processed was
heated in a vortex of a gaseous heat carrier having
a temperature of about 1 2000 C.
The gaseous heat carrier was fed into the
chamber 12 in the ratio of 0.25 m3 per kg of the
brown coal being processed. In the chamber 12,
the brown coal was heated to a temperature of
7500C, the gaseous heat carrier being cooled in
the process to a temperature of 7600C. As a
result of heating in less than 1 second in the
chamber 12, large particles of brown coal, which
did not decompose in the chamber 1 for the first
stage heating, decomposed forming a high
calorific solid product and a vapour and gas
mixture which additionally evolved as a volatile
matter, mainly CH4 and H2, in the ratio of 1 5 m3
per ton of the coal being processed, and about 1%
of pyrogenic water.The resultant vapour and gas
mixture, the spent heat carrier and a portion of the
resultant solid product were delivered together
i.e. as a mixed heat carrier, through the return
conduit 1 7 into the chamber 1 for the first-stage
heating. On the way to the chamber 1, the mixed
heat carrier was additionally heated by burning a
gaseous heat carrier in the means 1 8 in order to
raise the temperature of the mixed heat carrier up
to about 870-9800C and to develop a draught
to cause the solid product particles to move.The
mixed heat carrier, entering tangentially the
chamber 1 for the first stage heating, entrained
particles of the brown coal which was
continuously fed into the chamber 1, which
particles under the action of centrifugal forces
were thrown towards the wall of the chamber 1,
traversing the heat carrier flow. The heat of the
heat carrier was transferred to the particles of the
brown coal which were heated to a temperature
of 6400C. The solid product particles constituting
part of the mixed heat carrier acted substantially
as heat accumulators their heat being gradually
and uniformly transferred to small and large
particles of the brown coal being processed. As a
result, there took place uniform thermal
decomposition of the brown coal, with the
formation of a solid matter and a vapour and gas
mixture.The resultant vapour and gas mixture
was removed to be purified and subsequently
condensed to produce gaseous and liquid
products in a conventional manner.
The use of a preferred method for processing
the brown coal made it possible to increase, per
ton of the brown coal to be processed, the yield of
tar and natural gasoline up to 162 kg as against 120-1 30 kg resulting from the processing of the
same coal by known methods, the operating
conditions being the same, including the
temperature of heating (6400 C). This was
attained by lowering the temperature of the heat
carrier being fed to the first stage of heating of the
brown coal to about 870-9800C as against the
heat carrier temperature of 12000C in a known
method. As a result, the consumption of
combustible matter needed for forming a gaseous
heat carrier was reduced, as well as the
proportion of fumes in the vapour and gas
mixture, while the quality of the vapour and gas
products improved.
Thus, practically without increasing power
consumption, the preferred method and
apparatus make it possible to raise the yield of the
vapour and gas products by 25-35%, depending
on the type, grade and particle size of the brown
coal being processed.
The preferred embodiment of the present
invention disclosed hereinabove is merely
illustrative and that the invention may be
practised otherwise than as specifically described
without departing from the scope of the
Claims (4)
1. A method of heat processing pulverized coal
comprising the steps of: heating in a first stage
brown coal by means of a gaseous heat carrier in
less than one second to a temperature of 500- 8000C at which thermal decomposition of the brown coal takes place with the formation of a
solid pulverized matter and a vapour and gas
mixture; removing the resultant vapour and gas
mixture to be purified and condensed to produce
gas and liquid products; heating in a second stage the brown coal in the form of solid matter to a temperature of 600-9000 at which complete thermal decomposition of the brown coal takes place, resulting in the formation of a vapour and gas mixture and a solid pulverized product; withdrawing a part of the resultant solid pulverized product and delivering it together with the vapour and gas mixture from the second stage to the first stage of heating of the brown coal vapour and gas mixture; and heating the said part of the solid pulverized product on its way to the first stage of heating to cause the pulverized solid product particles to move.
2. An apparatus for performing the method of claim 1, comprising a chamber for a first stage of heating of brown coal provided with means for feeding therein the brown coal to be processed and means for removing therefrom a vapour and gas mixture resulting from thermal decomposition of the brown coal, a chamber for a second stage of heating of the brown coal arranged to communicate with the chamber for the first stage of heating and provided with means for feeding therein a gaseous heat carrier, a return conduit by means of which the chamber for the second stage of heating communicates with the chamber for the first stage of heating to feed a vapour and gas mixture and a part of a solid product, means for heating the vapour and gas mixture and the solid product which are delivered from the second stage to the first stage of heating, and means for discharging the resultant solid product and for controlling the amount thereof to be fed into the chamber for the first stage of heating of the brown coal.
3. A method of heat processing pulverized brown coal substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
4. An apparatus for performing the method of claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7900794A GB2041396B (en) | 1979-01-09 | 1979-01-09 | Method and apparatus for heat processing pulverized brown coal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7900794A GB2041396B (en) | 1979-01-09 | 1979-01-09 | Method and apparatus for heat processing pulverized brown coal |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2041396A true GB2041396A (en) | 1980-09-10 |
| GB2041396B GB2041396B (en) | 1983-01-19 |
Family
ID=10502407
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7900794A Expired GB2041396B (en) | 1979-01-09 | 1979-01-09 | Method and apparatus for heat processing pulverized brown coal |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2041396B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT384030B (en) * | 1983-03-23 | 1987-09-25 | Schwermasch Liebknecht Veb K | METHOD FOR THE QUICK PYROLYSIS OF BROWN COALS BY MEANS OF A FLUID LAYER AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS METHOD |
| AT398206B (en) * | 1991-06-25 | 1994-10-25 | Oberoesterr Ferngas | SULFURING PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR FREE-FLOWING LOW-TEMPERATURE COOKING OF AT LEAST PARTIAL ORGANIC WASTE |
| CN113372960A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-10 | 河北科技大学 | Reduction of CO by coal material2Device and method for preparing CO |
-
1979
- 1979-01-09 GB GB7900794A patent/GB2041396B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT384030B (en) * | 1983-03-23 | 1987-09-25 | Schwermasch Liebknecht Veb K | METHOD FOR THE QUICK PYROLYSIS OF BROWN COALS BY MEANS OF A FLUID LAYER AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS METHOD |
| AT398206B (en) * | 1991-06-25 | 1994-10-25 | Oberoesterr Ferngas | SULFURING PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR FREE-FLOWING LOW-TEMPERATURE COOKING OF AT LEAST PARTIAL ORGANIC WASTE |
| CN113372960A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-10 | 河北科技大学 | Reduction of CO by coal material2Device and method for preparing CO |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2041396B (en) | 1983-01-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |