GB2041081A - Heater for gaseous fluid - Google Patents
Heater for gaseous fluid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2041081A GB2041081A GB8000949A GB8000949A GB2041081A GB 2041081 A GB2041081 A GB 2041081A GB 8000949 A GB8000949 A GB 8000949A GB 8000949 A GB8000949 A GB 8000949A GB 2041081 A GB2041081 A GB 2041081A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- heater according
- fuel
- wall
- gaseous fluid
- heater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
- B05B17/0623—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
- B05B17/063—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn having an internal channel for supplying the liquid or other fluent material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
- B05B17/0623—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/04—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/042—Combustion air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2225/00—Measuring
- F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
- F23N2225/10—Measuring temperature stack temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
- F23N2235/26—Fuel nozzles
- F23N2235/28—Spray fuel nozzles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2241/00—Applications
- F23N2241/14—Vehicle heating, the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Abstract
A heater for an oxygen containing gaseous fluid comprises a combustion chamber 20, and an ultrasonic atomizer 25 having an end portion defining a surface located within the combustion chamber. The atomizer includes a velocity transformer 27 which has a passage through which fuel can flow to said surface where the fuel is atomized. The fuel is ignited in the combustion chamber by a spark plug 33. Fuel flow is controlled by a unit 52 in response to inlet temperature detected by sensor 53 and exhaust gas temperature detected by sensor 54, the unit 52 varying the position of a valve member 48 by means of an actuator 40 e.g. a torque motor. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Fluid heater
This invention relates to a heater for an oxygen containing gaseous fluid of the kind intended for use with a turbo super-charged compression ignition engine, the heater being operative under conditions of low engine speed and/or low load to effect an increase in the temperature of, or the pressure of, the air supplied to the engine.
It is well known with super-charged compression ignition engines to reduce the natural compression ratio of the engine to ensure that the pressures attained in the cylinders of the engine when the engine is operating at full power do not exceed a safe value. With some engines using turbo super-chargers it is found that the engine does not operate satisfactorily at low speeds and low loads because the energy in the exhaust gas is insufficient to drive the turbo super-charger and as a result the thermodynamic state of the air in the combustion spaces of the engine at the end of the compression stroke is not such as to cause reliable ignition of the fuel delivered to the combustion spaces.
It is known to provide a heater for the air which flows from the turbo super-charger to the engine and it is also known to provide a heater which has the effect of increasing the temperature of the exhaust gases supplied to the turbo super-charger. When in operation, the heaters have the effect of causing an increase in the thermodynamic state of the compressed air in the combustion chambers in the one example by a direct increase in the temperature. In the other example the turbo super-charger is made to operate in a more effective manner.
One form of heater which heats the air flowing to the engine is shown in the specification of French Application No. 7627574.
This form of heater has a complex pump and control valve assembly which are provided for the purpose of supplying the fuel to the burner and the rate of fuel supply is determined by the speed of the motor driving the pump. A form of speed control is therefore required for this motor.
The complexity and expense of the heater shown in the aforesaid specification was justified for the particular application. However, for commercial applications it is necessary to provide a heater of reduced cost and complexity and it is the object of the present invention to provide an oxygen containing gaseous fluid heater in a simple and convenient form.
According to the invention a heater for an oxygen containing gaseous fluid of the kind specified comprises, a combustion chamber for location in use in the stream of oxygen containing gaseous fluid, an ultrasonic atomiser having a surface located within the com
bustion chamber, means for feeding fuel to
said surface and means for igniting the fuel
atomised by the ultrasonic vibration of said
surface.
An example of an oxygen containing gase
ous fluid heater in accordance with the inven
tion will now be described with reference to
the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of the
system and
Figure 2 is a cross section to an enlarged
scale of part of the heater seen in Fig. 1.
Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, a
compression ignition engine 10 has an air
inlet which is connected to the outlet of the
compressor 11 of a turbo super-charger by
way of a duct 1 2. The turbo super-charger
includes a turbine (not shown) which is driven
by exhaust gases leaving the engine 10 and
fuel is supplied to the combustion spaces of
the engine 10 by way of a fuel injection
pump in known manner.
The natural compression ratio of the engine
10 is reduced in view of the fact that the engine is provided with a turbo super-charger
and in order to heat the air flowing between
the compressor of the turbo super-charger and
the engine, a combustion chamber generally
indicated at 1 3 is located within the duct 1 2.
The combustion chamber 1 3 is of generally
cylindrical construction comprising in the par
ticular example, inner and outer cylindrical
walls 14, 15 between which is defined an
annular space. The combustion chamber also includes an end wall at its downstream end.
The end wall closes the aforesaid annular
space but it is apertured in the zone which
closes the end of the inner wall. Adjacent its
upstream end the inner cylindrical wall is
provided with apertures 1 6 through which air
can enter the combustion zone defined within
the inner wall. Moreover, the aforesaid annu
lar space at its downstream end communi
cates with the aforesaid combustion zone
through a plurality of apertures 17. The com
bustion chamber is supported by three legs 1 8 only one of which is shown which are
secured to the wall of the duct. The legs 1 8 are hollow and are provided with apertures 1 9 which face in a downstream direction of the
flow of air through the duct.In addition the
interiors of the legs 1 4 communicate with the
aforesaid combustion zone adjacent the up
stream end thereof.
At the upstream end of the inner cylii 4-cal wall 1 4 there is mounted an air swirler asst;rn- bly 20 (Fig. 2) which comprises inner and
outer annular members 21, 22 the member
22 being carried by the wall 14. The mem
bers 21, 22 define an annular air passage 23
which communicates with the inner ends of
tangential inlet passages 24. Air is drawn
from the duct and supplied to the passages
23 by means of an electrically driven pump 36.
Upstream of the combustion chamber 1 3 is located the main body portion of an ultrasonic atomiser generally indicated at 25. The atomiser includes a piezo electric crystal 26 which is sandwiched between a velocity transformer 27 and an electrically insulating washer 28. A seismic mass 29 is located adjacent the insulating washer 28 and the components of the transducer are secured together by means of a hollow bolt 30. The seismic mass 29 is secured by means of threaded bolts (not shown) to a support 31 there being a flexible gasket disposed therebetween. The support 31 is mounted on struts 31A within the duct 12.
A reduced end portion of the velocity transformer 27 extends through the aperture in the member 21 into the upstream end of the combustion chamber and formed within the reduced end portion and the main portion of the velocity transformer is a fuel passage 27A which is connected to a passage formed in the aforesaid clamping bolt 30. This passage is connected with a fuel supply, by way of an axial passage in the support 31.
The piezo electric crystal 26 is electrically connected to an ultrasonic generator 32 and when this is in operation and fuel is supplied through the passage 27A the surface of the reduced portion of the velocity transformer will vibrate and the fuel flowing through the passage 27A will be atomised at the surface.
As shown the passage has a single outlet on the surface. It may however have a multiplicity of outlets. The washer 28 may be replaced by a further crystal electrically connected in parallel with the crystal 26.
The fuel which is delivered to the combustion chamber is ignited by means of a spark plug 33 which has an electrode 34 extending within the combustion chamber. High voltage is supplied to the spark plug by means of a high voltage generator 35.
In use, with air flowing through the duct 1 2 and with the high voltage generator 35, the ultrasonic generator 32 and the pump 36 in operation, the fuel will be ignited within the combustion zone and the products of combustion will pass into the air stream flowing towards the engine thereby resulting in heating of the air being drawn into the combustion spaces of the engine.
The degree of heating of the air flowing to the combustion zone is altered by varying the fuel flow through the passage in the atomiser.
Fuel is supplied to the passages in the atomiser 25 by means of a pump 37 which may be driven by an electric motor or it may be a lift pump forming part of the fuel pump of the engine. The output pressure of the pump is regulated by a regulator 38 and the rate of flow of fuel is determined by a flow control valve 39 including a valve member operated by an electrical actuator 40.
The regulator 38 includes a housing 41 divided by a diaphragm 42 which mounts a valve member 43. Fuel is supplied to the portion of the interior of the housing defined on one side of the diaphragm, from the pump 37 by way of a restrictor 44 and can flow through an outlet orifice 45 to a drain. Moreover, said portion of the interior of the housing is connected to an inlet 47 of the flow control valve 39. The effective size of the orifice 45 is determined by the valve member 43, the position of which is determined by the force exerted on one side of the diaphragm by the pressure downstream of the restrictor 44 which opposes the force exerted by a coiled compression spring 46.Moreover, the other portion of the interior of the housing is connected to the interior of the duct 1 2 and the arrangement is such that fuel will be supplied to the inlet 47 of the valve at a predetermined pressure above the pressure in the duct, the predetermined pressure being determined by the force of the spring 46.
The control valve 39 constitutes a variable orifice and includes a valve member 48 located within a chamber communicating with the inlet 47. The valve member is of half spherical form and is biassed to close an outlet orifice, by means of a spring. The spring is of annular form and is retained between two parts of a housing defining the chamber. In addition the spring has a plurality of inwardly extending limbs 49 which engage the curved surface of the valve member. The outlet orifice is formed by the end of a passage in an outlet union 50, this passage communicating with the axial passage in the support 30 of the atomiser. The valve member 48 can be moved away from the end of the passage to allow flow of fuel to the atomiser by the actuator 40 the output member 51 of which is connected to the valve member 48 by means of a wire.
The actuator 40 may be a torque motor an example of which is described in the specification of British Patent 1480590.
The flow of current to the actuator 40 is controlled by an electrical control unit 52. The control unit also receives a signal from a temperature sensor 53 which is mounted at the downstream end of the duct 1 2 and in the control unit 52, the actual temperature is compared with a preset value and the difference signal is utilised to determine the current flow to the winding of the actuator.
In addition, the control unit receives a signal from a further temperature sensor 54 which is located in the exhaust manifold of the engine and a further signal from a speed transducer 55 which provides a signal indicative of the engine spef d.
The output signal from the sensor 54 is supplied to the control unit and is compared therein with two preset values. One of these represents the turn on value whilst the other is the turn off value. The two values are different so as to prevent the heater unit being switched on and off as the engine exhaust gas temperature changes due to the operation of the heater. The speed signal is supplied to the control unit and is utilised to determine the maximum and minimum fuel flow values at the particular speed the engine is operating.
In this manner the extinction of the flame in the combustion chamber due to either an excessively weak or an excessively rich mixture is avoided.
The control unit 52 also serves to control the operation of the ultrasonic generator 32, the high voltage generator 35 and the air pump 36.
A similar construction of heater can be used where the heater is intended to be positioned between the exhaust manifold of the engine and the inlet to the turbine of the turbo supercharger. In this case, however, the various components must be constructed so that they can withstand the temperature of the exhaust gas during normal operation of the engine.
Claims (14)
1. A heater for an oxygen containing gaseous fluid of the kind specified comprising a combustion chamber for location in use in the stream of oxygen containing gaseous fluid, an ultrasonic atomiser having a surface located within the combustion chamber, means for feeding fuel to said surface and means for igniting the fuel atomised by the utrasonic vibration of said surface.
2. A heater according to Claim 1 including means for controlling the rate of fuel supply to said surface.
3. A heater according to Claim 2 in which the means for feeding fuel includes a pump and a regulator for controlling the output pressure of the pump.
4. A heater according t6 Claim 3 in which the regulator is responsive to the pressure in a duct which conveys the oxygen containing gaseous fluid.
5. A heater according to Claim 4 in which the means for controlling the rate of fuel supply comprises a flow control valve connected between the regulator and the atomizer.
6. A heater according to Claim 5, including an electrical actuator for controlling the operation of the flow control valve.
7. A heater according to Claim 1, in which the atomiser includes a velocity transformer having a reduced end portion extending into an open end of the combustion chamber.
8. A heater according to Claim 7 including a passage extending through said velocity transformer and opening onto the end surface of the reduced end portion thereof.
9. A heater according to Claim 8 including an air swirler assembly located at the upstream end of the combustion chamber, and means for supplying air to the swirler assembly.
10. A heater according to Claim 9 in
which the swirler assembly includes tangential
passages through which air flows to adjacent
the end surface of the reduced end portion of the velocity transformer.
11. A heater according to Claim 8 includ
ing a piezo electric crystal located against the
end of the velocity transformer remote from
the reduced end portion thereof, a seismic
mass mechanically coupled to said crystal, an
axial bolt serving to secure said velocity trans
former, the crystal and the seismic mass in
assembly and a mounting member secured
within the duct, a resilient washer positioned
between said seismic mass and the mounting
and screws extending between said seismic
mass and the mounting.
1 2. A heater according to claim 11 includ
ing an axial fuel passage in said bolt and an
axial passage in said mounting through which
fuel is conveyed to the passage in the velocity
transformer.
1 3. A heater according to Claim 10 in
which the combustion chamber comprises an inner cylindrical wall which at one end
mounts said swirler assembly, an apertured
end wall disposed at the other end of the
inner cylindrical wall, an outer cylindrical wall
which defines an annular space with said
inner wall and which is closed by said end
wall, apertures in said inner wall through
which said annular space is in communication
with the combustion space defined by the
inner wall, said annular space being open at its upstream end whereby the gaseous fluid
can flow therein, a plurality of apertures
formed in the inner wall through which the
gaseous fluid can flow directly to the combus
tion space, and at least one hollow support
leg extending outwardly from said inner wall,
said leg being open at its inner end to said
combustion space and having an opening
formed therein which faces in the downstream
direction of the gaseous fluid flow.
14. A heater for an oxygen containing
gaseous fluid comprising the combination and
arrangement of parts substantially as herein
before described with reference to the accom
panying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8000949A GB2041081B (en) | 1979-02-03 | 1980-01-11 | Heater for gaseous fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7903872 | 1979-02-03 | ||
| GB8000949A GB2041081B (en) | 1979-02-03 | 1980-01-11 | Heater for gaseous fluid |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2041081A true GB2041081A (en) | 1980-09-03 |
| GB2041081B GB2041081B (en) | 1983-03-09 |
Family
ID=26270452
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8000949A Expired GB2041081B (en) | 1979-02-03 | 1980-01-11 | Heater for gaseous fluid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2041081B (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5122053A (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1992-06-16 | Gert Basten | Apparatus and method for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels |
| EP0921288A1 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-06-09 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6055964A (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 2000-05-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6131553A (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 2000-10-17 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6178938B1 (en) | 1998-01-21 | 2001-01-30 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Combustion heater for internal combustion engine |
| US6220522B1 (en) | 1998-03-10 | 2001-04-24 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6227181B1 (en) | 1998-02-27 | 2001-05-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6227178B1 (en) | 1997-11-18 | 2001-05-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Control system of combustion heater for internal combustion engine |
| US6253545B1 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 2001-07-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having lean NOx catalyst |
| US6266956B1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2001-07-31 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust emission control system of hybrid car |
| US6370871B2 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2002-04-16 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having lean NOx catalyst |
| CN105032679A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-11 | 重庆理工大学 | Ultrasonic atomization source |
| CN115327276A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-11 | 禾美(浙江)汽车股份有限公司 | Performance test system for research and development of new energy automobile converter |
-
1980
- 1980-01-11 GB GB8000949A patent/GB2041081B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5122053A (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1992-06-16 | Gert Basten | Apparatus and method for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels |
| US6131553A (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 2000-10-17 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6227178B1 (en) | 1997-11-18 | 2001-05-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Control system of combustion heater for internal combustion engine |
| EP1394379A2 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2004-03-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6571779B2 (en) | 1997-12-08 | 2003-06-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| EP1394377A2 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2004-03-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| EP1394377A3 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2005-01-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| EP0921288A1 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-06-09 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| EP1394378A2 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2004-03-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| EP1394378A3 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2005-01-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6273073B1 (en) | 1997-12-08 | 2001-08-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6321730B1 (en) | 1997-12-08 | 2001-11-27 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| EP1394379A3 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2005-01-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6470863B2 (en) | 1997-12-08 | 2002-10-29 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6253545B1 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 2001-07-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having lean NOx catalyst |
| US6055964A (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 2000-05-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6178938B1 (en) | 1998-01-21 | 2001-01-30 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Combustion heater for internal combustion engine |
| US6227181B1 (en) | 1998-02-27 | 2001-05-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6220522B1 (en) | 1998-03-10 | 2001-04-24 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having combustion heater |
| US6370871B2 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2002-04-16 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine having lean NOx catalyst |
| US6266956B1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2001-07-31 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust emission control system of hybrid car |
| CN105032679A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-11 | 重庆理工大学 | Ultrasonic atomization source |
| CN105032679B (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2017-04-05 | 重庆理工大学 | A kind of ultrasonic atomizatio source |
| CN115327276A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-11 | 禾美(浙江)汽车股份有限公司 | Performance test system for research and development of new energy automobile converter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2041081B (en) | 1983-03-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |